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Central Java folk songs – Indonesia is a country that is rich in diversity in it. Starting from tribes, culture, flora, fauna, and many others. Even though there are many differences within the Indonesian state, it is because of this that the Indonesian people can unite and respect one another.
One of Indonesia’s assets which is still being passed down from generation to generation is regional songs. Each region has various kinds of regional songs respectively.

As in Central Java, there are several regional songs, where the existence of regional songs in Central Java can also be used as their identity.

This article will explain the list of Central Javanese folk songs along with the lyrics and meanings in them. Maybe some of you have heard the title of the Central Javanese folk song but don’t know the full lyrics.

Or maybe you already know the title and full lyrics but don’t know exactly what meaning one of the Central Javanese folk songs has. Therefore all the information provided in this article will be very helpful.

Definition of Regional Songs

Before discussing about folk songs in Central Java. We will learn together about the meaning of the folk songs themselves so we can know more about them.

Regional songs are songs that come from an area. Usually folk songs take the theme of the daily life of the local community. The purpose of choosing this theme is to make folk songs more easily understood by listeners and can be accepted in various kinds of community activities.

In addition, if you look at it in general, Indonesian folk songs have lyrics that are in accordance with their respective regional languages. Of course, if you have ever heard folk songs from different regions, you are also aware of the differences in language in the lyrics used in the song.

The use of the local language in the making of these folk songs as well as taking the theme of everyday life can make these folk songs more easily accepted by the community, especially the local community.

In general, Indonesian regional songwriters are unknown. However, regional songs will still be popular because they are often sung by local people and people who live outside the area. On the other hand, this condition also means that these folk songs will indirectly continue to be preserved from generation to generation.

Regional Songs Based on Their Nature

According to its nature, folk songs are divided into two types, such as folk songs and classical songs. So that you also know more about the types of songs based on their nature, here is an explanation.

Folk song

Folk songs are songs that come from the people in a certain area. Usually folk songs in general will be passed on orally from one generation to another. Examples of folk songs are songs for death, marriage, sailing, farming, weaving and so on.

Classic Song

Classical songs are songs that were developed in old people’s government centers such as royal capitals and sultanates.

So, that’s a brief explanation of folk songs. Broadly speaking, folk songs are songs originating from a certain area which usually use the local language with the theme of life.

Examples of Popular Central Java Regional Songs

Central Java is one area that has folk songs. Examples of folk songs in Central Java are as follows.

1. Cublak-cublak Suweng

Song lyrics:

Cublak-cublak suweng
Suwenge ting gelenter
Mambu ketundung gudhel
Pak Empong lerak-lerek
Sopo ngguyu ndelekakhe

Sir-sir pong dele kopong
Sir-sir pong dele kopong

Meaning:

The meaning of the song lyrics contained in the song Cublak-cublak Suweng is to look for treasure, don’t just follow your lust. But everything really has to go back to a conscience that is so clean that is not influenced by lust
. By using our conscience in searching for wealth, we will find it easier to seek happiness and will not get lost on the way so we forget about the afterlife.

Meanwhile, from a cultural perspective, the song Cublak-cublak Suweng can teach children not to follow their passions, always maintain harmony with nature and fellow humans and parents.

2. Dondong Opo Salak

Lyrics:

Dondong opo salak
Little Duku
Ngandhong opo mbecak
Mlaku thimik-thimik
Adi
ndherek mother
Tindhak loves the market
Ora pareng is fussy
Ora pareng is naughty
Mengko mother must
Mundhut as
souvenirs

Meaning:

The Dondong Opo Salak folk song is one of the children’s songs popularized by Krisbiantoro in the 1960s to 1970s. This song uses language that is quite straightforward, straightforward and easy to understand, textually typical of children’s songs.

Even so, the Dondong Opo Salak song contains various meanings depending on who is listening to it and who is interpreting it.

3. Ilir Ilir

Lyrics:

Lir-ilir, lir-ilir
Tandure wus sumilir
Tak ijo royo-royo
Not really the new bride
Cah angon, cah angon
Penekno blimbing kuwi
Lunyu-lunyu penekno
Kanggo washes dodotiro
Dodotiro, dodotiro
Kumitir surgery ing the edge of
Dondomono lumatono
Konggo sebo mengko afternoon
While padang rembulane
While Padang is in the middle of
Yo Surako, Surak Hiyo

Meaning:

Ilir-ilir is one of the typical Javanese songs that uses the lyrics or the word parable in it. The meaning in Lir-ilir’s song is also very deep and has multiple interpretations. Of course, this was also in line with Sunan Kalijaga’s knowledge in preaching Islam at that time.

Sunan Kalijaga himself is composing the song Iir-ilir when he invites the Javanese people to lead, embrace and practice Islam slowly.

Song becomes a medium and part of the strategy in preaching subtly so that people, especially Java, can adopt new teachings without the need for conflict with the traditions they have been practicing.

4. Bald Hoes

Lyrics:

Bald hoe cul gembelengan
Nyunggi-nyunggi wakul kul gembelengan
Wakul ngglimpang segane dadi sak ratan
Wakul ngglimpang segane dadi sak ratan

Bald hoe cul gembelengan
Nyunggi-nyunggi wakul kul gembelengan
Wakul ngglimpang segane dadi sak ratan
Wakul ngglimpang segane dadi sak rattan

Meaning:

In Central Java there is also a song with the title Gundul-bald Pacul. Even though it is a folk song, the popularity of the song Gundul-bare Pacul has survived to this day. Apart from that, this song is also one of the songs composed by Sunan Kalijaga in the 1400s.

Bald-bare Pacul has very meaningful lyrics. Broadly speaking, every lyric in the song has advice for dreamers so that they can always be trustworthy in carrying out their positions and make their people equal.

As implied in a piece of the lyrics of the Gundul-gundul Pacul song which reads ” Wakul ngglimpang segane dadi sacratan .” This means that if a leader has a haughty and arbitrary nature and is arrogant, then the power and position they have will easily fall in a short period of time.

5. Padhang Wulan

Lyrics:

Yo ‘pra kanca dolanan ing jaba
Padhang wulan padhange rich rina
Rembulane and sing awe-awe
Just listen to padha late in the afternoon
Yo ‘pra kanca dolanan ing jaba There
are a lot of jokes here, akeh kancane
Langite pancen sumebyar rina
Yo padha dolanan sinambi jokes

Meaning:

Next is the song Padhang Wulan which is indeed very beautiful when sung. Texturally, the song Padhang Wulan contains an invitation to liven up the full moon night by playing with friends.

However, if it is impregnated philosophically, the song Padhang Wulan has quite a deep meaning and meaning, namely an invitation for us to always be grateful to God Almighty for giving such a beautiful night.

As a form of gratitude to God Almighty, the songwriter invites his readers and listeners not to sleep in the afternoon. The point is that we as humans can liven up such a beautiful night by carrying out worship such as sunnah prayers.

Even so, the songwriter Padhang Wulan is still unknown.

6. White Turrets

Lyrics:

Cemleret suddenly pops up
Mbok kiro what kind of flower,

Mbok kiro – Mbok kiro…
What are the flowers of Mbok Kiro,

Cacahe pitu cane flowers …
Cacahe pitu
cane flowers …
Cacahe pitu cane flowers

Kang mituhu marang teacher
Ben lakune ora kliru

Mbok kiro – Mbok kiro…
What are the flowers of Mbok Kiro,

Jambe Flowers
Jambe Flowers in the Ronces
Jambe Flowers
Jambe Flowers in the Ronces

Rungokno pituture
Ben ra getun tembe mburine

Mbok kiro – Mbok kiro…
What are the flowers of Mbok Kiro,

hibiscus flowers …
hibiscus flowers on wiru-wiru
hibiscus flowers …
hibiscus flowers on wiru-wiru

Opo to tegese teacher
Digugu ugo is copied

Mbok kiro – Mbok kiro…
What are the flowers of Mbok Kiro,

Meaning:

Turi-turi Putih is one of the songs left by Sunan Giri. This song gives a picture of wisdom and awareness of life and death. The lyrics of this song contain lyrics that are so beautiful to listen to.

Not only that, because every lyric of the Turi-turi Putih song also has a full meaning. If seen more specifically, this song is addressed to students who are studying and also teachers who are giving lessons to them.

The White Turi-turi song contains a message for students to always follow what is conveyed by the teachers, especially advice on religion and morals so they don’t get lost in living this life.

7. Sluku-sluku Bathok

Lyrics:

Sluku-sluku bathok
Bathoke ela-elo
Si Rama loves Solo
Leh bye umbrella mutho
Mak jentit you know lobah
Wong dies ora obah
Yen obah medeni boy
Yen urip goleka duwit

Meaning:

The Sluku-sluku Bathok song is one of the works of Sunan Kalijaga which is full of meaning and philosophical values. Even though the lyrics of the Sluku-sluku Bathok song use language that is so simple and seems like a children’s song.

However, in the Sluku-sluku Bathok song, it is said that Sunan Kalijaga still incorporates religious values. This was done by Sunan Kalijaga so that the song could be more easily understood by all groups, including for children so that it was easier to memorize and last a long time.

8. Suwe Ora Jamu

Lyrics:

Suwe doesn’t have
herbal medicine Godhong’s medicine has
been
Suwe has not met

Suwe doesn’t have
herbal medicine Sogo thunteng
Suwe doesn’t
meet

Suwe doesn’t have herbal medicine
Jamu godhong bunder
Suwe doesn’t meet.
Gathering is getting smarter

Meaning:

Suwe Ora Jamu is a Central Javanese folk song composed by RC Hardjosubroto. This song has very unique lyrics with simple meanings but still with very deep meaning.

The song Suwe Ora Jamu tells about someone who is meeting his best friend. But the two of them meet after a long time of not seeing each other. However, when the meeting took place, it was not happiness that was obtained but a feeling of disappointment.

The song Suwe Ora Jamu teaches a lesson to all of us that in this journey of life it is not certain that it can take place according to what has been planned. If things don’t go according to plan, then we as humans should not feel too disappointed.

The existence of failure should make us able to rise from the feeling of failure that never existed.

9. Flute Xylophone

Lyrics:

Gambang flute, ngumandhang swarané
Thulat-thulit, kepénak uniné
Uuuuniné mung
Nreyuhaké together-
Reng lan kentrung ke-
Tipung flute, sigrak kendhangané

Meaning:

Gambang Suling is a folk song from Central Java which is very popular throughout Java and its surroundings. The song Gambang Suling was composed by Ki Narto Sabdo. It is said that he created the song Gambang Suling as an expression of his admiration for the flute which can produce such a beautiful distinctive sound.

Ki Narto Sabdo himself has the real name Soenarto. Ki Narto Sabdo’s father himself was a keris sheath craftsman named Partinoyo. Apart from that, Ki Narto Sabdo is also a musical artist as well as a puppeteer of the legendary leather puppets from Central Java.

10. Jaran

Lyrics:

Jaranan jaranan jarane jaran teji
Sing
numpak doro behi
Singing
with
the ministers
.

Meaning:

Jaranan is a folk song from Central Java composed by Ki Hadi Sukatno. The Jaranan song itself tells about traditional performances in Java. Jaranan itself is a show performed by several people by playing horse replicas which are usually made of leather or woven bamboo.

The Jaranan song teaches children to be able to respect each other and be submissive or obedient to fellow human beings, especially those who are older. Apart from that, the Jaranan song also has the meaning of being able to love one another without discriminating between humans.

11. Jenang Gulo

Lyrics:

Jenang gulo,
Kowe ojo lali marang I’m iki yo kang mas
Nalikane nandang it’s hard to sopho sing ngancani,
Dhek semono I’m still setyo and still tresno yo,
bro

Durung nate gawe ghelo lan gawe kuciwo
Ning saiki together with mukti kowe how come it turns out to be angry at me
Sithik-sithik has to be nesu and keep inviting
Jo ngono… jo ngono…

Opo kowe pancen ra kelingan jame deck biyen yo kang mas
Kowe promises to be happy is hard to do…

Meaning:

The last example is the Jenang Gulo song which is also a Central Javanese folk song. The Jenang Gulo song itself was composed by Andjar Any. This song tells about a husband and wife who are loyal to each other, always together when experiencing difficulties. But over time and success has been obtained. The husband often scolded his wife and he also turned selfish, arrogant and behaved rudely.

Those are some examples of Central Javanese folk songs which are still popular today. By imparting knowledge of folk songs to our children and grandchildren. Indirectly, we are helping to preserve the cultural wealth that exists in the Central Java region.

Sinaumed’s can read books related to Central Java and other regional songs by visiting sinaumedia.com . sinaumedia always provides the best products so you have #MoreWithReading information.

Author: Hendrik

Also read:

Saturn Fun Facts – In the solar system, we will get to know various planets other than Earth, one of the planets in the solar system which has its own characteristics is the planet Saturn. That’s right, planets have a characteristic in the form of a very unique shape or you could say it looks like a ring.

However, in fact, there are still many unique features of the planet Saturn that many people may not know about. Therefore, this article will discuss sundries, fun facts of Saturn. So, read this article, until it runs out, Sinaumed’s.

Planet Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet in the solar system at a distance of 1.434 billion kilometers from the Sun. This planet has a diameter of 116,464 kilometers, then Saturn is included in the group of large planets and is the second largest planet in the solar system after Planet Jupiter. Several years later, astronomers from the Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands discovered a massive ring system with stars and planets inside.

Astronomers Eric Mamajek and Matthew Kenworthy also discovered a unique planet which was later called Super Saturn in 2012. Previously, astronomers had never detected a ring system outside the solar system. However, Mamanjek and Kenworthy studied exoplanets. In addition, they also study new planets or stars by monitoring them for a long time.

This finding itself originated from the observation of the star J1407. The astronomers who participated observed the unusual light display of an active series that lasted for two consecutive months. Data about this star itself was collected between 2005 and 2008. In mid-2007 the light curve continued to be strange.

Scientists found this star began to twinkle and twinkle. The astronomers who discovered the sparkling star in 2007 indicated that something was rotating around the star. This star is also surrounded by the planet J1407b. The research team also concluded that there is a plausible explanation for the presence of a large disk of rings that has then moved between the planet J1407b and the star J1407, blocking the star’s light.

This ring also starts at a distance of about 30 million kilometers from the planet and extends to a distance of 90 million kilometers. In addition, the rings are most likely also made of dust, because the planet J1407b is too hot. The temperature itself reaches around 1,000 to 2,000 degrees Celsius, so it is unlikely that these rings are made of ice like those orbiting Saturn.

Professor Kenworthy said that the planet is about 10 to 40 times the mass of Jupiter. This publication was made in 2015 and published in The Astrophysical Journal , Matthew A. Kenworthy and Eric E. Mamajek also provides new details about an exoplanet and its rings. They found that one revolution of the planet around its star also takes about a decade.

The ring system that surrounds J1407 also obscures the bright stars at the center. Not only that, J1407 also generates heat and light in the same way that the sun does for our world. However, the dusty ring that surrounds J1407 blocks nearly 95 percent of the light it emits.

Saturn is also famous for having large rings. Reporting from the nasa.gov page , Saturn is also referred to as The Jewel of the Solar System or the “Jewel of the Solar System”. Humans have been observing the planet Saturn for a long time. In fact, the first close observation was made on September 1, 1971 using the Pioneer 11 spacecraft flying near Planet Saturn.

Sundries, Fun Fact Saturn

Based on the observations that humans have made so far, many interesting facts have been found from the planet Saturn. What are these interesting facts? Here are some of them:

1. Is the Farthest Planet from Earth

The planet Saturn is one of the most distant planets that can be seen with the naked eye. Reporting from the space-facts.com page , this planet is also the fifth brightest object in the solar system. However, the rings are the most interesting part of the planet Saturn which will be more clearly seen through a telescope.

Although other planets also have rings, only Saturn’s rings can be seen from Earth, you know . Therefore, the planet Saturn is easily studied by researchers or solar system scientists. This planet is easy to study because we only need to prepare binoculars or a small telescope.

2. We Can’t Stand on the Planet Saturn

We also can’t stand on Planet Saturn like we can stand on Earth, you know . This is because the Earth has a solid surface, so we can stand on it. Meanwhile, the planet Saturn does not have a solid surface.

The planet Saturn itself is mostly made of gas, namely hydrogen and helium (gases usually used to fill balloons). Reporting from the space.com page , this ringed planet is the least dense planet when compared to all the planets. Therefore, if it is likened to a bathtub that is large enough to accommodate it, then Planet Saturn will float on the water.

3. The planet Saturn is very windy

The planet Saturn is also very windy. Reporting from the nasa.gov page, wind speeds on this planet can reach 1,800 kilometers per hour or 1,118 miles per hour, pretty fast, right? On Earth alone, the fastest winds that exist reach only about 400 kilometers per hour or 250 miles per hour. The comparison is really far away, right?

4. The planet Saturn has a moon that might support life

The following sundries of Saturn’s fun facts is the fact that Planet Saturn has moons that might be able to support its life. Without the moon, the conditions of the planet Saturn itself cannot support life. However, some of Saturn’s moons have conditions that might support life.

Reporting from the space-facts.com page , one of the moons on the planet Saturn is named Titan because it has an atmosphere rich in the presence of complex and dense nitrogen. Most of Titan’s moon consists of water and rock. The planet’s surface is mostly frozen and has lakes of liquid methane with frozen nitrogen-covered landscapes. Planetary scientists regard Titan as a possible harbor for life, but not Earth-like life.

5. Planet Saturn is the flattest planet

The planet Saturn is also the flattest planet when compared to other planets in the solar system. Reporting from the space-facts.com page , the polar diameter of this planet is 90 percent of the diameter of its equator. This in itself can happen because there is a low density of Planet Saturn. In addition, this is also caused by the very fast rotation of the Planet Saturn.

6. The planet Saturn has a very short day and a very long year

The planet Saturn has a very fast rotation time. So, a day on the planet Saturn is only 10 hours 34 minutes, so based on Saturn’s rotation time, this planet has the second shortest day in the solar system. Meanwhile, the time it will spend circling the Sun once is very slow (revolution). A year on Saturn is only 29.4 Earth years.

Reporting from the space-facts.com page , its very slow motion against the background of stars has earned the planet Saturn the nickname “Lubadsagush” from ancient Assyria. As for the meaning is ‘oldest of the old’.

7. The planet Saturn has existed since ancient times

The planet Saturn has been known since ancient times. The planet Saturn has been known since technology has not experienced significant development. Reporting from the space-facts.com page, people in ancient times, including Babylonians and observers of the Middle East, were familiar with this planet which was named for the Roman god Saturn. Meanwhile, by the Greeks this planet was also known as Cronus.

8. The atmosphere of the planet Saturn is divided into bands of clouds

The atmosphere of the planet Saturn is divided into bands of clouds. Reporting from the space-facts.com page , the top layer on this planet is mostly ammonia ice. Then, at the bottom most of the cloud is ice and water. Then, underneath again is a layer of hydrogen ice mixed with cold sulfur.

9. The planet Saturn is a planet with a spectacular ring system

The planet Saturn has a spectacular ring system, because it is very beautiful and sturdy. The ring itself is made of chunks of ice, carbon dust, and is made of stone. Planet Saturn’s ring is also the widest ring in the solar system, you know.

Its rings extend over 120,700 kilometers of the planet. Even though it has a fairly large ring size, the ring is very thin. The thickness of the ring is only about 20 meters. The ring of the Planet Saturn itself was first seen by Galileo Galilei in 1610 and seen from his telescope, this ring looks more like a handle or an arm.

When scientists develop more sophisticated tools, the results of research on Saturn’s rings become more detailed. In addition, it was found that the planet Saturn actually has many rings made of billions of particles with sizes ranging from as small as sugar to as large as a house.

10. The planet Saturn has an oval-shaped storm

The planet Saturn also has an oval-shaped storm. Reporting from the space-facts.com page , this planet has an oval-shaped storm that is very similar to Planet Jupiter. The area around Saturn’s north pole also has a cloud pattern with a hexagonal shape.

Scientists then thought that this cloud pattern might be a wave pattern in the clouds above. Meanwhile, at the south pole of Planet Saturn, it also has a vortex that resembles a storm.

11. The Planet Saturn Has 150 Moons and Smaller Moonlets

The latest Saturn fun fact sundries is that Planet Saturn has 150 smaller moonlets. The planet Saturn also has the second most moons in the solar system after Planet Jupiter. As reported from the phys.org page , Planet Saturn also has at least 150 moons and moonlets with 53 months of which have been given official names.

All the moons owned by Planet Saturn are frozen worlds. Most of them are small, like icy objects that are nothing more than part of the planet Saturn’s ring system. In fact, the nearly 34 moons that have been named have a diameter of less than 10 kilometers alone. Meanwhile, the other 14 months have a diameter of around 10-50 kilometers.

However, some of the moons in the outer area are among the largest in the solar system, which is around 250-5000 kilometers. The largest moons belonging to the planet Saturn include Titan and Rhea.

There are unique facts about Saturn’s moon. Reporting from the space-facts.com page , the planet’s sixth largest moon is called Enceladus and seems to have had an ocean beneath its frozen surface.

Related Books

1. National Geographic: Space Encyclopedia

The National Geographic Encyclopedia of Space is a complete reference book about the universe and everything in it. The images of galaxies and celestial bodies in this book are from recent space missions and observations of state-of-the-art observatories using infrared and X-ray telescopes. The book also features unprecedented mapping breakthroughs for planets, natural satellites, etc. This latest mapping of the universe, combined with various fascinating stories of space exploration, and the results of research by scientists make this book the most complete source of knowledge about space.

2. Spacepedia

Let’s travel around the solar system and explore travel around the solar system and explore the stars in this encyclopedia of the universe. Inside are:

• Over seventy stunning illustrations of various space objects, including recently discovered planets
• Incredible photos of Saturn’s rings, Jupiter’s moons, stars in the galaxy and more
• An engaging read with clear explanations of the latest and greatest discoveries in astronomy, from dark matter to the shape of the surface of Mars
• Visits to 13 planets in our solar system
• Sequence of historical events of the discovery of astronomy
• The history of the universe and our place of residence in it
• Stargazing tips—including binocular symbols that show you how and where to observe the incredible spectacle of space.

3. Encyclopedia 4D Junior: Incredible Space

WELCOME TO BOOK 4D JUNIOR! Do you know how many planets are in our galaxy? Do you know what a galaxy is? If not, let’s explore this vast space and discover the amazing secrets of planets, satellites, stars and other space objects. With Augmented Reality (AR) technology in this book, you can observe the contents of space up close. Also listen to the songs that you can find in the application, OK? Ask parents to download the free DEVAR app, activate the book, and enjoy the thrill of exploring space while singing along!

4. Smart Boy Science Comic: The Solar System

This Universe is so amazing. The universe is so big, with a sprinkling of stars, moon, comets and other heavenly bodies, it is really interesting for us to study. The sun that looks only as big as a soccer ball is actually much bigger than the earth we walk on! How could that be…? All the stars visible in the night sky are members of the Milky Way galaxy. Everything looks small because it is very far from Earth. The star closest to Earth is the Sun; its average distance is 149,600,000 km. At that distance, sunlight takes 8.3 minutes to reach the Earth’s surface. The sun is not a single star, he has neighbors, you know! The closest star to the Sun is Proxima Centauri; it is 4.423 light years from Earth. This means that the light leaving Proxima Centauri will only reach Earth after 4,243 years. Comets, shooting stars, satellites, meteors, they all exist in our solar system. The moon that we see at night has no source of light. How come? Why can meteors fall to hit the Earth? We can learn about the solar system. For example, what particles make up the sun. Any particles that make up the planets and other celestial bodies. Intrigued, right… let’s read and listen to this science comic! Hopefully increase knowledge and keep the spirit of learning to achieve goals. How come? Why can meteors fall to hit the Earth? We can learn about the solar system. For example, what particles make up the sun. Any particles that make up the planets and other celestial bodies. Intrigued, right… let’s read and listen to this science comic! Hopefully increase knowledge and keep the spirit of learning to achieve goals. How come? Why can meteors fall to hit the Earth? We can learn about the solar system. For example, what particles make up the sun. Any particles that make up the planets and other celestial bodies. Intrigued, right… let’s read and listen to this science comic! Hopefully increase knowledge and keep the spirit of learning to achieve goals.

Thus the discussion about sundries, Saturn fun facts that need to be known. Apparently, there are lots of interesting facts that Planet Saturn has. Hopefully this information can help you add to your insight.

If you want to find out more about the fun fact series of Saturn as well as information about the planets and the solar system through books, you can get these books at sinaumedia.com . To support Sinaumed’s in adding insight, sinaumedia always provides quality and original books so that Sinaumed’s has #MoreWithReading information.

Examples of the Value of Justice – The term value of justice may already be familiar to Sinaumed’s’ ears, even attitudes or behaviors that reflect the value of justice may have often been encountered by Sinaumed’s.

In Indonesia itself, the value of justice is clearly reflected in the state foundation, namely the fifth precept of Pancasila, which reads “Social Justice for all Indonesian people.”

The purpose of the five precepts of Pancasila is the embodiment of social justice in social and social life which includes all Indonesian people.

This example of practicing the fifth precept of Pancasila or the value of justice can be applied anywhere, from the school environment, playgrounds to society. What are some examples of the value of justice? Check out the following explanation.

Understanding the Concept of Justice

Before discussing examples of the value of justice, it is better if Sinaumed’s understands the concept of justice first by knowing the meaning of justice. The term justice is certainly not foreign and is often heard by Sinaumed’s.

Most people demand to get justice or want to contribute so that others get justice. But what exactly is justice?

In general, justice can be defined as an ideal condition and is morally correct in one thing, both objects and individuals. So in other words, justice is a matter or activity to place something in accordance with its place. In this case, the placement does not have to be generalized, but must be adjusted to the conditions of the subject.

Meanwhile, the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) explains justice as a trait and in this case it is in the form of actions, treatment and so on which are fair in nature.

Justice comes from the basic word just which can be defined as serious, on the side of what is right and should not be arbitrary.

Justice is also defined by experts, some experts such as Aristotle, Thomas Hobbes to Plato also expressed their opinions about the notion of justice. Here’s an explanation.

1. Aristotle

Aristotle put forward two opinions about the notion of justice. The first meaning according to Aristotle is an action that can give one thing to someone, where that thing is indeed something of an individual.

While the second opinion of Aristotle about justice is the feasibility of human actions. This feasibility is at the midpoint between the two ends which is considered quite extreme, so the results will not be one-sided and not only one end.

2. Plato

Justice according to Plato is an attitude of obeying all applicable laws and regulations. In addition, Plato also revealed that justice is something that is beyond the limits of ordinary human capabilities and originates from changes in the scope of society, so that justice will be realized by returning to its original structure.

3.Thomas Hubbes

Thomas explained that justice is a condition in which there is an agreement. Where the contents of the agreement are carried out in accordance with the applicable rules without any bias.

4. WJS Poerwadarminto

Poerwadarminto’s version of justice is a condition that is not one-sided, its nature is proper and not arbitrary.

From the understanding of justice above, then justice can be defined as a condition that is fair to an object, act or treat something.

The nature of this justice cannot be fully stated in just one statement, because justice is an expressed idea. The perspective of goodness on justice is obtained from the individual understanding level to the state level.

The value of justice is one type of value that is the goal of embodiment of law, therefore justice is always related to law.

In philosophy itself, justice is a fairly fundamental issue. Justice is one type that is abstract in nature, so that justice is difficult to measure. An understanding of justice can only be obtained by making justice a form of law.

The fulfillment of justice is one of the functions and roles of law for society. Means of fulfilling justice in society, generally through the criminal justice system.

The regulation of justice has a general, individual nature and harmony between the two is the role of state law. Therefore, spreading the value of justice to all human beings is one of the missions of religion.

Example of the Value of Justice in Pancasila

The value of justice is contained in the fifth precept of Pancasila which reads “Social justice for all Indonesian people” means that it is the embodiment of social justice in social or social life which includes all Indonesian people.

The value of justice can be understood as values ​​that uphold norms based on impartiality, balance as well as equity in a matter. According to its essence, justice can be interpreted as a balance of obligations and rights. Realizing social justice for all Indonesian people.

The justice referred to in the fifth precept of Pancasila is the provision of equal rights to all Indonesian people. Social justice is related to welfare, therefore it can be concluded that welfare for all Indonesian people is justice for the welfare of society at large.

Justice in social life, especially in the fields of politics, ideology, social, economics, culture and defense of national security.

The fifth precept of Pancasila is the only precept written in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution by writing, “realizing social justice for all Indonesian people”.

The principle of justice is the core of divine morality, the basic foundation of humanity, the dimension of people’s sovereignty and the knot of unity. So in other words, social justice is a manifestation as well as a reflection of the ethical imperatives of the four precepts in Pancasila.

This formulation has been described by Notonegoro in the book Pancasila Basic Philosophy of the State (1974) which explains that social justice for all Indonesian people is encompassed and imbued with Belief in One Almighty God, Just and Civilized Humanity, Indonesian Unity and Democracy Led by Wisdom of Wisdom in Deliberation Representative.

The fifth precept of Pancasila, namely social justice, has points of experience that have been regulated in MPR Decree No.II/MPR/1978 and has been updated after the Reformation with MPR Decree No.I/MPR/2003. The following contains the points of the fifth precept of Pancasila.

1. Develop noble deeds and reflect the attitude and atmosphere of kinship and mutual cooperation.
2. Develop a fair attitude towards others.
3. Maintain a balance between rights and obligations.
4. Respect the rights of others.
5. Likes to help others to be able to stand alone.
6. Do not use property rights for things that are wasteful and have a luxurious lifestyle.
7. Do not use property rights to conflict with or harm the public interest.
8. Likes to work hard.
9. Appreciate the work of others that are beneficial for the welfare and progress of all.
10. Likes to carry out activities in order to realize equitable progress and have social justice.

From the contents or points of the fifth Pancasila precept, namely social justice for all Indonesian people, the values ​​of justice can be realized in Indonesia. Here are some examples of the value of justice based on the fifth Pancasila precept.

• Behave fairly to anyone regardless of race, religion, ethnicity or culture, and gender or gender.
• Mutual respect and respect the rights of others.
• Make friends with anyone regardless of differences between one individual and another.
• Helping others who are experiencing difficulties.
• Carry out individual rights and obligations in a balanced and responsible manner.
• Fair in carrying out rights and obligations at school, home and in the community.
• Do not develop selfish or selfish attitudes.
• Listen and accept the opinions expressed by others.
• Don’t think about your own interests.
• Appreciate the work of others, do not criticize, insult or ridicule the work of others.
• Do not do things that can harm the general public.

That is an example of the value of justice. The value of social justice for all Indonesian people contains meaning as a basis and goal. Its meaning, the value of justice in the five precepts of Pancasila is to invite people to participate actively in the life of the nation and state.

This fifth precept of Pancasila also shows that social justice should be the right and property of all Indonesian people regardless of differences in each individual and without discriminating against each individual.

The aim is to achieve an Indonesian society that is just and prosperous both internally and externally, in addition to that law enforcement can be realized in a fair manner for the welfare of human beings both physically and spiritually.

Justice Theory

According to Plato, society has principal elements that need to be maintained. The principal elements are as follows.

• Strictly sorting out classes, for example, such as the ruling class which is filled with shepherds and guard dogs must be strictly separated from sheep and humans.
• Identifying the destiny of the state with the destiny of its ruling class, paying special attention to class and its unity and obedience to its unity, rigid rules for maintenance and education and carrying out strict supervision as well as collectivization of the interests of its members.

Of the two principal elements, the other elements can be derived as follows.

• The ruling class has a monopoly on everything, such as profits and military training and the right to own arms as well as receive all forms of education. However, the ruling class is not allowed to participate in economic activities, especially in the business of earning income.
• There must be censorship of all intellectual activity in the ruling class and constant propaganda for the purpose of homogenizing minds. All innovations in regulation, education and religion must be prevented and suppressed.
• The state must have an independent or self-sufficient nature. The state must aim at economic autarky, otherwise the rulers will depend on merchants or the rulers will become traders. The first alternative is to weaken their power, while the second alternative will weaken the unity of the ruling class and the stability of the country.

In order for social justice to be realized, it must be returned to its original structure, that is, sheep become sheep and shepherds become shepherds. This task is the duty of the state to stop change.

That way, justice is not about the relationship between individuals but the relationship between individuals and the state and how individuals serve the state. Justice can also be understood metaphysically as a function or quality of a super being whose nature cannot be observed by humans.

So the consequence is that the realization of justice is shifted to another world that is beyond human experience and human reason which is essential for justice to submit to God’s unchangeable ways or God’s unpredictable decisions.

The theory of justice according to Aristotle is different from what was put forward by Plato. According to Aristotle, justice is divided into two, namely distributive justice and corrective or remedial justice which form the basis for all theoretical discussions on the subject matter.

Distributive justice refers to the distribution of goods and services to everyone according to their position in society and equal treatment before the law or equality before the law.

Types of Justice

According to the legal view, justice means that there is a state guarantee for members of the community to get what they are entitled to and receive equal treatment in the eyes of the law. The law will maintain and protect the rights of community members, so that justice is created.

In front of the law, no one is privileged. All citizens, be they officials, foreigners or citizens, must obey the law. Therefore legal norms apply fairly to all citizens.

Upholding the law will be a guarantee for the realization of just and civilized human values ​​and social justice values ​​for all Indonesian people. Therefore, the value of justice must be realized in life together.

If previously discussed examples of the value of justice, then Sinaumed’s also needs to know the types of justice in order to realize the value of justice in society.

1. Distributive justice

Distributive justice is a relationship of justice between the state and its citizens. So that means, the state party is obliged to fulfill justice in the form of sharing justice in the form of assistance, welfare, subsidies and opportunities to live together based on rights and obligations.

2. Legal justice

Legal justice is a relationship of justice that exists between citizens and the state and citizens have an obligation to fulfill justice in the form of complying with the laws and regulations that are in effect.

3. Commutative justice

Commutative justice is a relationship of justice between one citizen and another on a reciprocal basis.

4. Vindicative justice

Vindicative justice is a justice related to the provision of punishments and fines in accordance with crimes and violations that have been committed by objects that will obtain justice.

5. Protective justice

Protective justice is justice that is given to individuals as a form of care and protection for these individuals who have the aim of preventing them from any arbitrary actions that can be carried out by other parties.

6. Creative justice

Creative justice is a justice given to each individual according to his part. In this case, the part is a freedom that has a function to create a creativity of the individual in various aspects of life.

Those are the six types of justice. By knowing the basic knowledge of justice, such as its meaning and types, Sinaumed’s can actively participate in realizing the values ​​of justice.

When the values ​​of justice are embodied in everyday life, Sinaumed’s and other people will also get a better quality of life in various aspects.

This is an example of the value of justice in Pancasila. If Sinaumed’s is interested in knowing and exploring the topic of justice in the field of law or philosophy, then Sinaumed’s can find out by reading the books available at sinaumedia.com . sinaumedia always provides the best products so you have #MoreWithReading information.

An Example of Patriotism – Indonesia is well known as a country that was able to become independent after being colonized for a very long time. Every Indonesian citizen at that time who participated in the fight against the colonialists was considered to have patriotism within him. In fact, not a few of them have been considered heroes thanks to their past services.

Then, what exactly is meant by patriotism? Well, if you don’t know it yet, then you can watch this article till the end, Sinaumed’s. In this article, we will discuss further about understanding, to examples of patriotism.

The Definition of Patriotism

Of course, before discussing patriotism further, it is better for us to discuss the meaning of patriotism first. Patriotism comes from the words “patriot” and “ism” which mean heroism or heroism, or also heroism and patriotism in English. The sacrifice can be in the form of property or a person’s soul and body.

According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), patriotism is an attitude that is willing to sacrifice everything for the glory and prosperity of the homeland.

Patriotic are people who practice patriotism, namely people who have a feeling of love for the Motherland, so they are willing and brave to sacrifice for the survival of the nation and state. So, it is necessary for us to increase the attitude of patriotism in everyday life, yes, Sinaumed’s.

So, it can be said that patriotism is a feeling of love and loyalty to the nation and country which can evoke an attitude of willingness to sacrifice for the sake of the nation and state.

The spirit of patriotism is one of the things that becomes a provision to maintain the survival of a country. Therefore, the spirit of patriotism needs to be instilled in order to be able to defend the nation’s noble values ​​and to be able to defend the country from various threats and disturbances that come from within and outside the country.

One of the spirit of patriotism is reflected in how Indonesian fighters never gave up in facing the invaders during the war for independence.

With the spirit of patriotism, they have dared to fight and are willing to sacrifice their property, property, and even their lives to be able to free their country from the invaders. With the achievement of this independence, it is appropriate that the spirit of patriotism must be instilled to fill the independence of this country.

This is because in the current era colonialism and colonization can be carried out by other countries but not in a similar way to what was experienced in the pre-independence era.

In addition, currently the Indonesian state is also facing various challenges, namely the decline in public morality, the fading values ​​of nationalism and patriotism, a national identity that is starting to be neglected and the issue of national disintegration getting stronger. With these challenges, the spirit of patriotism should be maintained so that the independence and survival of this country is maintained.

On the other hand, after seventy-five years of Indonesia’s independence, developments continue to occur. Along with the times, information and communication technology is also growing. This is the cause of the birth of the phenomenon of globalization which is an effort to unify global society from various sides, both orientation, lifestyle and culture.

Understanding Patriotism According to Experts

1. Staub

Patriotism is a person’s attachment to his group regarding ethnicity, nation and political parties. He argued that there are two types of patriotism, namely:

• Blind patriotism is patriotism as attachment to the country regardless of anything. The hallmark of this type of patriotism is not questioning everything, being loyal and intolerant of criticism.
• Constructive patriotism is patriotism that supports criticism and questions from its members in order to achieve changes in a better direction for the welfare of its members.

2. Budiyono

Patriotism is an attitude that seeks to maintain independence by all means including sacrificing body and soul.

3. Richard Aldington

Patriotism is a sense of collective responsibility that lives and is certainly needed in every form of collective life at the local and international levels.

4. Blank and Schmidt

According to Blank and Schmidt it is different, they state that nationalism is more nuanced in dominating and highlighting superiority over other nations, while patriotism is more about love and loyalty.

5. Suprapto et al (2007: 38)

Suprapto, et al stated that patriotism is the spirit of love for the motherland or the attitude of someone who is willing to sacrifice everything for the glory and prosperity of his homeland.

6. Bakry (2010: 144)

Patriotism is the soul and spirit of love for the motherland that complements the existence of nationalism. A group of people who inhabit Indonesia’s land must unite, truly love and be willing to sacrifice to defend the Indonesian homeland as an independent nation. Furthermore, that patriotism as part of nationalism in Indonesian nationalism.

7. Wijayanto J (2017: 411)

Patriotism is an understanding of a person’s love for his nation and country which is displayed in a heroic or heroic manner.

8. Sulianti (2018: 50)

Patriotism is an understanding of love for the motherland and willingness to be prepared to uphold human values.

9. Samidi & Kusuma (2020 : 31)

The notion of patriotism is expressed as a psyche that risks full loyalty in devoting oneself to the country.

Patriotism Values

Based on the definitions that have been described regarding values ​​and patriotism, it can be said that the value of patriotism is a reference or principle that reflects love for a group or nation and a willingness to uphold human values.

Patriotism includes proud attitudes towards the nation’s achievements, pride in the nation’s culture, a desire to maintain national characteristics and the nation’s cultural background. There are several values ​​of patriotism, namely loyalty, courage, self-sacrifice and love for the nation and country. The following is a complete explanation of the values ​​of patriotism.

a. Courage

According to KBBI, courage has a steady heart and great confidence in facing danger, difficulties and is not afraid. We must maintain that the truth is lost and not lost, if we die and not die, we should not be half-hearted or timid in doing work.

If you dare to say, should dare to do too. Courage in patriotism can be exemplified by always having the courage to defend their country when their country is right, daring to defend their country when their country is threatened.

b. Willing to sacrifice

Willing to sacrifice as an attitude of doing everything in order to achieve something you want even though working very hard can even harm yourself. In the value of patriotism, it is willing to make sacrifices such as protecting one’s beloved country, willing to sacrifice life in adversity to fight for the rights and integrity of one’s country. According to KBBI, willingness to sacrifice is an attitude that expresses devotion, loyalty and so on.

c. Never give up

Never give up as a form of personality of someone who is persistent, tirelessly rising from one failure to another and finally achieving success. Someone who never gives up will do the same thing even though they have failed before. In addition, someone who never gives up always tries to provide answers to the challenges faced.

d. Social solidarity

Solidarity or social solidarity is a social concern to help others who need help with empathy and compassion. The impact of this social solidarity is such as a high sense of empathy for fellow friends, helping each other and working together in goodness, taking care of each other’s brotherhood in order to build the nation’s future.

Solidarity or social solidarity is also referred to as the existence of mutual trust, shared ideals, solidarity and a sense of responsibility among individuals as members of a group because of shared emotional and moral feelings.

e. Tolerance

Tolerance comes from the Latin toleration, which means leeway, gentleness, lightness and patience. In general, tolerance refers to an open attitude, graceful, voluntary and gentle. Tolerance also comes from another Latin word, ” tolerare” which means restraint, being patient, respecting other people’s opinions, being open-minded towards people who have different views or religions.

According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, tolerance is being tolerant (appreciating, allowing, allowing) attitudes (opinions, views, beliefs, habits and behavior) that differ or conflict with one’s own views.

f. Self-confident

Confidence is an attitude of confidence in one’s own ability to fulfill every desire and hope. Confidence can be useful for motivating yourself and training yourself to face all the problems that will be faced. In patriotism, everyone must have self-confidence, because everyone must have self-confidence to fight for a country.

Therefore, tolerance is an attitude of patience and refrain from disturbing or harassing religion or the belief system and worship of adherents of other religions.

Instilling patriotism values ​​can be done through various media or activities, including through educational curricula, social activities to literary works. Therefore, many writers have tried to convey these values ​​through literary works. By conveying values ​​through literary works, it is hoped that this will convey a message and instill a spirit of patriotism in today’s young generation.

Literary work is a work that comes from human creativity and its contents can reflect human life in general. This is because the conflicts contained in literary works also often occur in the real world and vice versa. Literary works can also be said as the result of the author’s creativity which is intended for everyone. in the work contains many lessons that can be learned and learned.

So, with the value of patriotism is one of the values ​​that writers usually want to convey and insert in their literary works. Every citizen is of course supposed to instill the values ​​of patriotism in himself. This value needs to be instilled and taught when someone is getting an education.

Patriotism Traits

The characteristics of patriotism as follows:

1. Patriotism is open so that we can also see the nation in the context of the world, are willing to be involved in it and are willing to learn from other nations for the betterment of the nation.
2. Patriotism makes us feel that we have a self-identity, so that we can see, accept and develop the character and personality of the nation.
3. The sense of love for the Motherland is a national cultural value and is an important capital for the struggle to achieve the nation’s ideals.
4. Patriotism can create a sense of solidarity with others, so as to achieve national prosperity.
5. Patriotism can make a person able to see the strengths and weaknesses of his country and nation
6. Patriotism can make a person able to see the strengths and weaknesses of his country and nation.
7. There is sympathy for the nation. A patriotic person is able to love his nation and country without expecting personal gain for himself. This can create a sense of solidarity within a person in order to achieve the welfare of the nation.

Patriotism goals

Here are some goals of patriotism, as follows:

1. Understanding embraces a sense of love for the Motherland and the nation, aims to create harmonious and harmonious relations and strengthen the bonds of brotherhood among fellow citizens.
2. Patriotism also fosters a sense of love for the Motherland and the nation in every citizen so that the country can face various existing threats.
3. Patriotism aims to eradicate extremism or excessive demands on the rights and obligations of citizens, both individuals and groups.
4. Patriotism aims to maintain the unity and integrity of the country from threats, both threats from within and from outside.

Types of Patriotism

1. Blind Patriotism

Blind patriotism is a form of love for the country and nation without considering the views of others. This understanding is characterized by the following characteristics:

• Have a loyal attitude.
• Intolerant of criticism.
• No positive evaluation.

2. Constructive Patriotism

Constructive patriotism is a feeling of love for the Motherland and nation by considering and supporting the views of others. This type of patriotism is characterized by the following features:

• There is a demand for the loyalty and love of the people by considering input and criticism.
• There is a positive evaluation.
• Appreciate human values.

As for the characteristics of a patriotic are as follows:

• Love the motherland and nation.
• Never give up.
• Willing to sacrifice for the sake of the nation and the state.
• Have a renewal spirit.
• Always prioritizing national unity and integrity above personal and group interests.

Attitudes That Do Not Reflect Patriotism

Here are 4 attitudes that are not in accordance with patriotism, namely:

1. Selfishness

Egoism, namely selfish attitude without regard to the interests of others.

2. Extremism

Extremism, namely the attitude of stubbornly defending one’s position by justifying various means to achieve personal goals.

3. Terrorism

Terrorism is an act that aims to create panic, an atmosphere of insecurity and panic in society.

4. Separatism

Separatism is an attitude that wants to separate itself from a group.

Example of Patriotism

Now that Indonesia has become independent from the invaders, so the form of patriotism is no longer by taking up arms or putting up physical resistance. A patriot can show love for the motherland in a different way. The following are several forms and examples of patriotism and love for the motherland and nation, including:

1. The first example of patriotism is of course participating in democratic activities, for example by voting in general elections.
2. Volunteer for community service or run for election to government office.
3. Purchasing and using domestically made products, both for primary and secondary and tertiary needs.
4. Maintaining the preservation of the nation’s culture and not promoting foreign culture.
5. Obey the regulations that apply in the life of society, nation and state.
6. Respect and value teachers, parents and the people around us.
7. Maintain and maintain public facilities so that they can be used continuously.
8. Preserve and maintain environmental sustainability.
9. Making Pancasila as a way of life in the life of the nation and state.
10. Participating in and honoring the activities of the national day ceremony.
11. Participate in social service activities to help underprivileged communities.

Those are the meanings, values ​​and examples of patriotism that every Indonesian citizen should have in the life of the nation. Come on Sinaumed’s, be a person who has a strong spirit of patriotism! I hope this article inspires you!

If Sinaumed’s is still confused, and needs references related to the complete meaning, values ​​and examples of patriotism, you can visit sinaumedia’s collection of books at sinaumedia.com .

Example of a paper conclusion – Sinaumed’s must have known that in any scientific writing, be it a paper or a thesis, there must be a conclusion. The conclusion is always placed at the end of the chapter, usually accompanied by suggestions from the author to related parties. Even though the conclusion is in the last chapter, that doesn’t mean that the writing is haphazard, yes, you still have to pay attention to the procedure or style of the environment. Conclusion in a paper, generally will contain the essence of the entire contents of the paper. Therefore, its existence is placed in the last chapter.

Unfortunately, not a few people are confused about how to write conclusions in a paper. Starting from whether to write in the form of bullet points or paragraphs, and others. Then, what is an example of a conclusion from a paper with various topics and forms of delivery? Come on, see the following reviews!

Example of a paper conclusion based on the theme

Some examples of the conclusions of the following papers are sourced from scientific writings in the form of papers, research articles, and theses.

Technology Theme

Based on the final project paper written by Wandri Okki Saputra, R. Rizal Isnanto, and Ike Pertiwi Windasari in 2014 with the title ” DESIGN OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR LAPTOP DAMAGE DIAGNOSIS IN “DINAR COMP” WEB BASED WITH PHP AND MYSQL “, the conclusions are:

4.2.2. Conclusion Betha Testing Results

Based on the percentage results above, obtained from beta testing, which was distributed to 20 people who said that the software that was built was easy to use, easy to learn, the interface was attractive, quite helpful in identifying damage, symptoms and damage to this application according to reality, and produce fairly accurate conclusions.

CONCLUSION

• The application is built based on the PHP programming language and MySQL database. 

• Expert system knowledge base based on laptop damage and symptoms that are often handled by experts from the computer shop and “Dinar Comp” service.

• Based on the percentage results from beta testing, the software that is built is easy to use, easy to learn, the interface is attractive, quite helpful in identifying damage, symptoms and damage to this application are in accordance with reality, and produce conclusions that are quite accurate and the application can run well. 

• Based on the results of alpha testing, the software that has been built has been running optimally, but it is possible that errors may occur when the application is used. So it requires a maintenance process to better know the shortcomings of the application. 

• The application of an expert system for diagnosing laptop damage is an application of the ability and experience of an expert in diagnosing laptop damage in the form of an application that can be used by customers to diagnose laptop damage.

Language Theme

1) Based on a research journal written by Rohmah Tussolekha from the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program STKIP Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung in 2019, with the title “ERRORS IN USE OF INDONESIAN SPELLING IN STUDENT WORK PAPERS” has the following conclusions:

CONCLUSION

From the results of the research above, it can be concluded that there are several errors in the use of Indonesian spelling in writing papers for STKIP Muhammadiyah Pringsewu students. Errors are found in writing the background in student papers. These errors, namely errors in the use of capital letters, errors in the use of italics, use of punctuation marks, writing prepositions, prefixes, and writing combinations of words. 

Errors in using Indonesian spelling occur because students are less careful and pay less attention to good writing so that there are still errors that appear in writing papers. 

2) Based on a paper written by Alizka Nur Karunia from the Management department at Dian Nusantara University in 2020, with the title “THE IMPORTANCE OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE ON STUDENT CHARACTER “, the conclusions are:

Indonesian becomes a pillar in the character education process. The character of each person can be drawn from the language used. If the language used is good and correct, it is likely that the characters will also follow. Characters consist of several types, each character has its own characteristics. However, the main character that must be continuously developed is the character of loving the nation itself with the spirit of nationalism. One way is to use good and correct Indonesian at every opportunity. 

Fiction Theme

Based on a Prose Fiction Study paper entitled ” Characterization and Characterization in Fictional Prose ” written by Dhea Kurnia Danarti et al. in 2017 has the following conclusions:

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

1. Conclusion

• Characterization is the author’s depiction of characters that represent human types in accordance with the theme and message, and uses analytical and dramatic techniques to describe the character’s character.

• Character can mean ‘storyteller’ and can also mean ‘character’. Characterization has meaning as an attempt to display the character or character of the character. 

• Based on differences in point of view and review, a character can be categorized into several types of naming, including main character and secondary character, protagonist and antagonist character, simple character and round character, static character and developing character, and typical character and neutral character. 

Legal Theme

Based on the paper on the Law of Engagement compiled by Satria Dwinugraha with the title ” ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS AGAINST THE LAW IN THE CASE OF THE JATIGEDE RESERVOIR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ” in 2021, the conclusions are:

CHAPTER IV

CLOSING

1. Conclusion

When we look at article 1 paragraph 22 of Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code which contains the following, namely “Compensation or loss is the right of a person to obtain fulfillment of his demands in the form of a sum of money for being arrested, detained, prosecuted or tried without reason based on the law or because of a mistake regarding the person or the law applied according to the method regulated in this law.” So basically in law, Eroh Rohayati as the plaintiff has the right to claim compensation for the losses he has received. 

Economics Theme

Based on a research journal article written by Listya Endang Artiani from the Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, UPN Veterans Yogyakarta, with the title “MACRO ECONOMIC IMPACT OF DISASTER: DISASTER INTERACTION AND NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ” in 2011 has the following conclusions:

3. CONCLUSION

In the short term, the post-disaster period, both directly and indirectly, can be overcome because various assistance is obtained, but in this period it is not enough to compensate for all losses, especially those with systemic and secondary impacts that were felt some time after the initial shock of the disaster. The shock consequences of disasters are consistently interpreted as extraordinary events beyond normal conditions, but as a vulnerability due to disasters have not been integrated into development planning. 

In the long term, study the development of important macroeconomic indicators as a reference for making macroeconomic policies after a disaster as a baseline to ascertain the extent to which a disaster disrupts macroeconomics at the level achieved.

The use of models to be used in estimating post-disaster macroeconomic impacts can be adapted to the specified research objectives. However, selecting a more comprehensive model is what is needed for policy recommendations.

Education Theme

Based on a research journal article entitled ” EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN IMPLEMENTATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION ” written by Muhammad Ali Ramdhani in 2014, the conclusions are:

Conclusion

Education is a conscious process carried out for students in order to grow and develop physically and spiritually optimally to reach a level of maturity. Discourse on education is always associated with efforts to build character. On the other hand, character will be formed by various existing factors, and among them are principles, designs, strategies, and learning models which are influenced by the environment. 

Learning is essentially an interaction between individuals and the environment. The environment provides stimulation (stimulus) to the individual and vice versa the individual responds to the environment in the interaction process that changes can occur in the individual in the form of changes in behavior. Individuals can also cause environmental changes, either positive or negative. This shows that the function of the environment is an important factor in the teaching and learning process.

Everyone is expected to have different learning outcomes, because they experience the learning process in different environments. Thus, it can be said that environmental domination has a strong influence on character education.

Social Theme

Based on a research journal article entitled ” LARGE-SCALE SOCIAL RESTRICTIONS (PSBB) AND LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES ” written by Rindam Nasruddin and Islamul Haq in 2020, the conclusions are:

Conclusion

From some of these explanations it can be concluded that the situation in a number of areas which is causing an increasing number of Corona Viruses (Covid-19) has forced the government to take a number of steps, one of which is implementing the PSBB system. These activity restrictions are intended for residents in an area who are suspected of having been affected or infected with Corona. Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) rules were made to suppress the development of the Corona Virus (Covid-19) in Indonesia. Of course, with this PSBB regulation, the people of Indonesia can really obey it, because as we know, the threat of the Corona Virus (Covid-19) is a real threat and does not look at the lower class or even the upper class. 

The implementation of the PSBB regulation is a small step but has a big meaning, but on the other hand it also has an impact on some people, especially those with low incomes because it greatly influences the space for them to make a living. This causes anxiety for people whose jobs are outside, which requires them to limit their activities outside the home, and experience difficulties in meeting their daily needs. 

Culture Theme

Based on the research journal article ” COMMUNITY CULTURE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR IN THE LABUHAN AGENG TRADITION AT SEMBUKAN BEACH ” written by Khusniatun Alviyah et al. from Sebelas Maret University in 2020, has the following conclusions:

Conclusion

Preserving culture or traditions that have become a hereditary heritage in a society is not an easy thing in today’s digital era. The development of a more modern era has made people start to abandon traditional things. People consume culture, such as local traditions, no longer purely because of the deep meaning or noble values ​​they want to take, but only as a pleasure or only as a sign or proof that they are also part of this cultured society.

As Jean Baudrillard argues that when we are consuming objects we are actually consuming “signs” which means we are in the process of defining ourselves or our identity. This also happens in the Labuhan Ageng tradition which is held every one Suro night in Paranggupito Village. The Labuhan Ageng tradition on Semmbuh Beach, which was once sacred and thick with mystical rituals, has begun to change into a tradition that is enjoyed more as a ritual tourism object with various entertainments, which in terms of the meaning or function of the ritual has begun to change.

The community participates because they are part of the village community and for other reasons such as wanting to enjoy the entertainment provided, recreation at Semmbuh Beach or simply wanting to document every harbor procession to share on social media. The Labuhan Ageng tradition on Semmbuh Beach, which was supposed to be sacred and thick with mystical rituals, is starting to turn into a tradition that is enjoyed more as a treat from a tourist attraction with various entertainments.

Psychology Theme

Based on a research journal article entitled “UNDERSTANDING THE PSYCHOLOGY OF DIVORCE IN FAMILY LIFE ” written by Agoes Dariyo in 2004, the conclusions are:

Conclusion 

Divorce is a fact that often occurs in our society. Often a divorce cannot be avoided by a couple, even though both of them have tried their best to overcome it, but it still fails and reaches a dead end. Both of them have certainly thought of all the risks that must be accepted and borne if they divorce. They become widows or widowers, children don’t have complete parents, life feels unhappy and so on. 

Health Theme

Based on a research journal article entitled ” KNOWLEDGE OF PATIENT SAFETY IN HEALTH OFFICIALS ” written by Ns. Nining Sriningsih and Endang Marlina in 2020, have the following conclusions:

CONCLUSION 

Most of the respondents aged 20–25 years (young adults) were 28 people, 34 were female, 28 were S-1 educated, and the average number of respondents with length of service < 3 years and > 3 years was 25 people. Most of them have good knowledge, namely 31 respondents (62.0%). Most health workers implement patient safety well, namely 33 respondents (66.0%). There is a relationship between knowledge and the implementation of patient safety for health workers at the Kedaung Wetan Health Center in Tangerang City in 2019

Source:

https://scholar.google.co.id/

https://www.academia.edu/

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• Examples of Suggestions in Scientific Papers and Work
• Understanding, Structure, and How to Make a Proper Paper
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Efforts to Fill Independence – On last August 17, the entire Indonesian nation rejoiced in commemorating a historic day, namely the 77th Proclamation of Indonesian Independence Day. It has become a tradition that a week before the commemoration of the proclamation, people will flock to participate in a lively competition. Try to remember, what competitions did Sinaumed’s take part in yesterday? Not only through competitions that foster a sense of togetherness and solidarity, there is also a solemn ceremony of raising the red and white flag as one of the efforts to fill Independence Day. So, what are the efforts that we can make to fill Indonesia’s independence every day, alias not only on Independence Proclamation Day? Well, soSinaumed’s understands these things, let’s look at the following review!

11 Efforts to Fill Independence in the Current Era

There are many things we can do to fill independence in this era. It can also be said that filling independence with positive things is our obligation as citizens. This was conveyed by President Jokowi in commemoration of Heroes’ Day in 2019 at the Main National Heroes Cemetery, South Jakarta. At that time, President Jokowi gave advice that it was advice for all of us as the nation’s successors to fill the days of independence which our heroes have fought for. In addition, we must not only fill independence with positive things, but also must eradicate ignorance, poverty, backwardness and inequality that exist in this country. Now,

1. Support Local Products

Currently, there are many local products that are developing in Indonesia. Ranging from shoes, clothing, skincare, cosmetics, to electronic goods. In fact, not infrequently, the brand of this local product is so high quality, it is often considered as an imported product! What’s more, currently e-commerce is also growing rapidly as a result of globalization making it easier to market these local products.

Well, the first attempt to fill independence in the current era is to support these local products. This means that we must be proud when buying and using these local products because their quality is not inferior to other imported brands. Try to mention, what local products does Sinaumed’s have?

2. Loving Indonesian Local Arts and Wisdom

So, before we introduce Indonesian culture to the world, we should love the existing local arts and wisdom first. Considering that our country has a variety of cultures and arts, from Sabang to Merauke, there are local wisdoms with their own characteristics. We must preserve all the arts and local wisdom, especially for us as future generations so that they are not eroded by the foreign culture that comes amidst the onslaught of globalization.

Yep, art and local wisdom have become the identity of the Indonesian nation. If that identity is lost or extinct, surely our country will no longer have its uniqueness.

3. Introducing Indonesian Culture to the World

There are many ways we can introduce Indonesian culture to the world, from student exchange activities, participating in competitions at art events held abroad, to promoting it through various YouTube platforms. In an effort to introduce Indonesian culture, a sense of pride must also be added. It can be said that culture is a representation of the nation or country concerned.

4. Literacy of Indonesian History

Has Sinaumed’s ever heard of the term “Jas Merah” which is often touted during student demonstrations? The meaning of the term is “Never leave history” , according to the speech of our first president, Soekarno, on August 17, 1966.

Even though history studies things in the past, it doesn’t mean we can just forget about them. In fact, we must study the existence of Indonesian history and take the positive side, so that this problem does not recur. Apart from that, we also have to be literate about Indonesian history by not accepting existing information related to history. It’s better to look for valid evidence regarding the information that is spread first. Indirectly, this fourth effort is also almost in line with the campaign to increase literacy …

5. Tolerance towards Others

In Indonesia, not only local arts and wisdom are diverse, but also in terms of religion, ethnicity, race, and ethnicity. Take a look in your class, do they all come from the same tribe? Do all belong to the same religion? Now, with this difference, we don’t necessarily have to be arbitrary, especially towards minorities. We must continue to maintain tolerance towards others as an effort to fill independence in the current era.

6. Serving the Community

Serving the community is not only done during Community Service Programs ( KKN) held in universities . Being directly involved in social activities and community service in your surroundings also includes community service. Not only increasing knowledge, this effort also provides benefits to others.

If Sinaumed’s doesn’t have time to take part in KKN because he was hindered by the Covid-19 pandemic or wants to do community service again, you can also register as a volunteer. Usually, these volunteer activities will place us in rural communities so that we can apply the knowledge we have to improve the standard of living of the people.

7. Holding a Competition

Does Sinaumed’s realize that in fact the competitions held at school and in the neighborhood around the house are one of the efforts to fill Indonesia’s independence? Yep, it’s not only exciting and fun, but indirectly it also provides a lot of teaching , you know , one of which is the spirit of unity. Through this competition, both us and the children will be taught how to fight for a goal, to act honestly, fairly, to cooperate with colleagues.

8. Passion for Learning

Please note that learning is not an obligation that must be carried out by students only, but also for everyone. Even people who are old are still allowed to seek knowledge, in accordance with the proverb “Pursuate knowledge to China”. Does Sinaumed’s know that long ago when Indonesia was still colonized by foreign nations, access to education was very difficult. Only officials’ families can send their children abroad.

Now, Indonesia is now independent thanks to the struggle of the heroes, so that access to education is gradually improving, especially for all people without discrimination. What’s more, with the existence of a government program that requires every Indonesian child to study at school for 12 years. This is in accordance with one of the objectives of the Indonesian state which is stated in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution which reads “To Educate the Life of the Nation” .

Through education, indirectly the chain of poverty will also be broken and the human resources (HR) in Indonesia will also be of higher quality. After all, in the midst of this globalization era, learning something new doesn’t have to go through formal educational institutions, but free learning is available on several internet platforms. For example, Sinaumed’s wants to learn a new language, say Japanese and French. So, if Sinaumed’s is broke or has no money, you can open it on the YouTube platform and search for foreign language learning videos that you like or use applications such as Duolingo, Drops, LingoDeer, and many others.

9. Mutual Sharing and Respect for Others

As previously explained, that our country has various tribes, ethnicities, races, cultures, religions, from different geographical backgrounds. Even so, we must also apply the principle of sharing and respecting each other. If there are still social disparities and people are reluctant to respect other people who have different ethnicities or religions, then the meaning of independence will not be fully felt by all Indonesian people.

10. Doing Positive Things

There are many ways to present positive things and have a good impact on yourself and the community. Since this is the era of globalization with the sophistication of information and technology, the positive thing that can be done is not to spread hoaxes, alias information that is not true. In addition, while keeping our fingers crossed not to comment bad things on other people’s posts on social media.

When it comes to the community environment directly, Sinaumed’s can do this by helping others who are in trouble, participating in raising funds for underprivileged neighbors, teaching children to throw garbage in the trash and planting trees to keep the environment clean. After all, all these benefits will not only have an impact on oneself, but also on society in the long term.

11. Maintain Manners

It seems that now everyone has realized that the next generation has been too much “contaminated” by foreign cultures due to the onslaught of globalization. Once upon a time, the Indonesian people were known as a nation full of politeness and politeness, both in speaking and behaving. Unfortunately, today many young people don’t care about manners, especially those who are older.

So, so that this doesn’t keep happening, let’s keep our manners towards our elders in high spirits. Why so? So that our next generation can emulate these manners and the culture of this polite Indonesian nation can be maintained in the future.

So, that’s a review of what efforts can be made to fill Indonesia’s independence, especially in this sophisticated era. Never forget the struggle of the heroes who have sacrificed for the sake of the Indonesian Proclamation on August 17, 1945, OK?

Also Read!

• 5 Battles in Post-Independence Indonesia

• History of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on August 17, 1945

• 10 Benefits of Studying History in Everyday Life

• History and Meaning of the Proclamation of Independence for Indonesia

• The Meaning of Unity and Unity of the Indonesian Nation

• The Importance of Archipelagic Insight and Its Functions

• Renville Agreement and Other Indonesian Independence Efforts

• 6 Inspiring Heroes

Benefits of Reforestation – Shrinking forest area poses a threat to the survival of all living things. With the existence of less forest areas caused by deforestation on a large scale without being accompanied by sustainable reforestation efforts.

According to data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) Indonesia has forest with an area of ​​133,300,543 hectares in 2017. However, every year Indonesia’s forest area continues to grow by around 684,000 per year.

This reduction in forest area is the result of various irresponsible activities, for example the conversion of forests to agricultural and plantation lands, forest fires, illegal logging, settlements and so on.

Definition of Reforestation

Reforestation is the process of replanting trees in areas affected by natural disturbances such as forest fires, drought and pest attacks or unnatural ones such as logging, mining, clearing of agricultural land and development.

By planting trees in areas that have been deforested or degraded, reforestation helps the environment by ensuring or accelerating the re-establishment of healthy forest structures by regenerating the forest canopy and conserving biodiversity in ecosystems.

In addition, reforestation can provide not one but two solutions to the crisis on this earth. Reforestation offers one of the best ways to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, turning it into solid carbon through photosynthesis and storing it in tree trunks, branches, roots and soil.

Reforestation can also prevent loss of endangered habitat and provide protection for more than 1 million species of plants and animals.

Reforestation is useful for improving the quality of human life by absorbing pollution and dust from the air, rebuilding natural habitats and ecosystems, and preventing global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide from the air.

One interesting example of reforestation efforts in the Garut area is asking each newlywed to plant 10 trees and 50 trees for divorced couples.

Types of Reforestation

Reforestation can occur naturally and reforestation managed by humans. The following are types of reforestation:

1. Natural reforestation

In natural reforestation, an area is left undisturbed by human activities. Seeds in the ground or brought to the area by winds and running water germinate and grow. Forests are rebuilt in time according to the succession of plant species that are characteristic of that geographic area.

2. Managed Reforestation

In managed reforestation, people are trying to rebuild the forest. However, managed reforestation can lead to debate about whether reconstructed forests have as much biodiversity as the original forests or forests that have regenerated naturally.

For example, some forests have been replanted with only one tree species, while other tree species have been prevented from regrowing, giving rise to a forest monoculture that resembles agriculture.

Types of Forest Reforestation

There are also several types of forest reforestation, including:

1. Protected forest

Protected forest is a forest that needs to be developed and maintained as a forest with permanent vegetation cover for hydrological purposes.

2. Nature reserve forest

Nature reserve forest is a forest that needs to be maintained and fostered by a diversity of plant and animal species.

3. Forest tourism

Forest tourism is a forest that is maintained with the intention of developing education and recreation.

4. Conservation forest

Conservation forest is a forest that is maintained for the existence of a variety of germplasm types and a place for the life of certain animal life.

5. Production forest

Production forest is a forest area designated as the need for regional expansion and development such as agricultural and plantation transmigration.

Reforestation Benefits

Reforestation efforts will provide various benefits for the balance of nature. The benefits of reforestation include:

1. Hydrological benefits

Trees that grow in forest areas have the ability to store water in the soil. The more trees that grow, the more water will be stored. We will feel these benefits during the dry season, where the intensity of rain decreases. By utilizing water reserves from the ground, a shortage of water supply for life will not occur.

In addition, another benefit that is felt during the rainy season is avoiding the risk of flash floods. This is because the trees in forest areas are able to block water from the highlands and store it in the ground.

2. Orological benefits

Preserving forests by reforestation can provide orological benefits, namely the ability to withstand soil erosion so that they are not prone to landslides and fall.

3. Ecological benefits

Reforestation will provide ecological benefits in the form of environmental balance. If the number of trees in the forest area decreases either due to illegal logging or other reasons, there will be potential disasters such as landslides, flash floods and global warming.

4. Climatological benefits

Through the process of photosynthesis, trees recycle carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. A good forest area will reduce air pollution and maintain sustainability.

5. The benefits of endhapis

The forest area is a place to live, shelter and breeding ground for various animals. If the tree population decreases, of course the habitat of animals living in forest areas will be damaged.

6. Aesthetic benefits

Trees also have aesthetic or beauty benefits. Apart from restoring the function of the forest, planting trees in a neat and orderly manner also has an aesthetic effect and can be used as a means of nature tourism.

7. Protective benefits

Trees provide protection for humans, especially in everyday life. Trees can also be a wind barrier, sun shade, sound absorber and dust barrier in the surrounding environment. The benefits of tree sustainability also have a greater impact such as preventing floods, erosion and landslides.

8. Hygienic benefits

Related to the process of photosynthesis in plants in the form of the process of changing carbon dioxide into oxygen. It also provides hygiene benefits. Toxins in the air will be absorbed by plants and produce better air. In addition, tree roots also provide benefits as a water filter which makes the quality of groundwater better and maintained.

9. Educational benefits

Forest areas consisting of trees or plants that live in them, as well as various animals that live in the area can be used as learning facilities for future generations.

10. Recreational benefits

Nature tourism cannot be separated from forest tourism. Forest areas whose sustainability is maintained can be used as natural recreational facilities.

11. Economic benefits

Trees in forest areas or plantations can provide economic benefits. Leaves, fruit, stem roots and sap produced from the forest can be traded. Of course this utilization must be balanced with replanting so that the forest is not depleted and damaged due to over-exploitation.

Reforestation Goals

The main goal of reforestation is to restore the functions and benefits of the forest so that it returns to how it was when it was still lush and green. The following are some of the objectives of reforestation, namely:

1. Preserving forests and the environment

An important goal of forest reforestation activities is to preserve the environment. Forests function to absorb rainwater, produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. If the forest is maintained, environmental sustainability will also be maintained.

2. Increasing natural resources in the forest

Forests are also places that provide various raw materials for humans. For example, wood for buildings, food sources and so on. If the forest is maintained, then these resources will be more abundant and maintained.

3. Improving business results

Forests indirectly play a role in increasing business results. Forests are able to prevent global warming and store water reserves. Both of these functions are very useful in agricultural cultivation and other business fields.

For example, mangrove forests and mangroves in shady and well-maintained coastal areas will increase fish and shrimp production in ponds.

4. Maintaining biodiversity

Forests are a habitat for a variety of animal and plant species. If the forest is sustainable, the plants and animals that live in it will be protected.

The difference between Reforestation and Greening

Reforestation according to PP RI No. 35 of 2002 is an effort to plant forest tree species in damaged forest areas in the form of vacant land, reeds or shrubs to restore forest function.

Meanwhile, reforestation is an activity to restore critical land outside the forest area in a vegetative and civil technical way to restore land function. In other cases, reforestation is a planting activity carried out on vacant land so that the fertility of the land can be maintained, enhanced and restored.

Reforestation activities are carried out on critical land outside the forest area so that the function of the land can be improved. Meanwhile, reforestation is an attempt to improve degraded land by replanting trees in forest areas.

The most striking difference is in the aspect of the area. Reforestation is carried out on land which is a forest area that has been determined by the government, while reforestation is carried out on empty land or critical land outside the forest area.

Reforestation and Greening Equations

The important thing about the existence of the reforestation movement and the reforestation movement is the similarity of the two. In general, these two movements are the same as the activity of planting trees somewhere, the goal is to make environmental sustainability better than before. For planted trees there is no difference.

The trees used in the afforestation and reforestation processes can be selected uniformly, because the goal is to get the best function. Tree roots function as natural water storage besides wood which has a million benefits for the environment and has dense fruit during the harvest season.

Characteristics of Areas in Need of Reforestation

Forest areas that need to be reforested urgently require further research and development. However, some of the characteristics and characteristics of areas that require reforestation can be noted, namely:

1. Degraded forest area
2. Empty land which is usually filled with reeds and shrubs
3. Deforested area
4. Areas of forest that have been logged
5. Vacant land in forest area

Criteria for Suitable Trees for Reforestation

Selection of potential trees for reforestation is not easy. Many things must be considered, such as ecological, economic, social factors and also the time needed to achieve the desired results.

The following are criteria for suitable trees to be planted for reforestation activities, namely:

1. Able to grow in the open in full sun. So it includes intolerant and pioneer tree species.
2. Able to compete with reeds and other weeds. So, choose a tree that grows fast in height and is aggressive.
3. If it is burned or trimmed/slashed, the tree can easily sprout again.
4. In accordance with the state of the soil that is thin and poor in nutrients and drought resistant.
5. Seeds or vegetative parts for breeding are easy to obtain and easy to store.

Examples of trees suitable for planting include Ficus benjamina (banyan), Pinus merkusii, Lagerstroemia sp and Tectona grandis. For reforestation in mangrove forests and mangroves, we can use Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina (White fire).

Causes of Reforestation

The following are several reasons why reforestation should be carried out, including:

1. Preserving natural resources

Elements of the biophysical environment that are real and have the potential to meet human needs in order to maintain their survival. So the act of exploitation must be accompanied by norms for the use and preservation of natural resources.

2. Environmental pollution

Environmental pollution must be a serious concern in the current era, increasing industrial activities such as mining have disrupted many living ecosystems. Therefore we have to do reforestation ( go green ).

3. To increase natural resources and conserve

Natural resources must be continuously conserved in order to meet the needs of human life. Therefore, it is very necessary to do reforestation.

4. To preserve forests and prevent flooding

Forests must be preserved so that the availability of oxygen on this earth can be maintained, so reforestation activities must be carried out. In addition, reforestation can prevent flooding.

Steps to Realize Reforestation Efforts

The following are several steps to achieve reforestation, including:

• Preparation, including determining reforestation target locations, preparing implementing organizations, compiling activity timelines and division of labor, clearing reforestation areas of conflicts so that planting can run smoothly through planting plans, preparing materials and measuring instruments (GPS/theodolite measuring instruments, compasses, altimeters etc.) and determine the cropping pattern.
• Make holes for plants according to the planting pattern and prepare basic fertilizer.
• Plant seeds must be in good health and meet the standards and must first be planted in a temporary container. Plants that can be used for reforestation include the following:
  • Teak (Tecronagrandis)
  • Jelutung (Dyeracostulata)
  • Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba)
  • Sungkai (Peronemacannescens)
  • Meranti (Shoresp)
  • Candlenut (Aleuritesmolucua)
  • Tusam / pine (Pinus merkusii)
• The plant seeds are removed from the temporary container and then transferred to the holes that have been made and given fertilizer.
• Carry out intensive plant maintenance to clean the plant area from flammable materials.
• Carry out periodic surveillance to detect fire hazards early so that appropriate action can be taken.
• Increasing community participation in forest protection, among others, through information and counseling activities.

Closing

That is an explanation of the meaning of reforestation and its benefits for the environment. Reforestation is urgently needed in Indonesia, especially in areas prone to landslides and floods. Besides that, we also need lots of clean air sources to breathe. I hope this article inspires you!

Hopefully this explanation can add to our insights about reforestation. Let’s increase our concern for the environment together, Sinaumed’s. If Sinaumed’s is still confused, still needs references related to the full meaning and benefits of reforestation, you can visit sinaumedia’s collection of books at sinaumedia.com .

Accounting thesis title – Thesis is a graduation requirement that must be completed by final semester students. Without a thesis, a student cannot get a bachelor’s degree. Not infrequently, in writing their thesis, many students find it difficult even from the time they choose the title. Especially students majoring in accounting.

In fact, the title is the most basic aspect in a research. In other words, if you choose the wrong title, you will most likely have difficulty completing the research you are doing.

Most novice students or researchers neglect when formulating titles which results in not achieving the expected goals and objectives. Especially for writers and readers.

Therefore, in this article we will discuss how to make a good accounting thesis title and examples. Listen to the end, OK!

Things to Look For in Making a Thesis Title

Formulate Research Topics

Usually, problems arise from the selection of qualitative or quantitative research methods. In addition, there are also students who try to make titles that are rarely used so it is difficult to find references. Others are confused about determining the number of variables to use, whether 2 variables or 3 variables.

However, it turns out that all of that is not important in writing the title of the thesis. Darwin, Muhammad, et al. (2021) states that before writing a thesis or research title, a researcher must first start by determining the topic.

Because, continued Darwin, the topic is the main problem that the researcher wants to tackle and can attract the interest of the reader. In the beginning, research topics were always general and abstract in nature, so researchers had to formulate them according to their scientific specifications or field of study.

So, by determining the topic beforehand, you will have a basis or basis for talking about your goals. To determine your research topic, you can start by categorizing the issues to be researched according to your major.

For example, you are a student majoring in Accounting, you can choose a topic such as taxation, public sector, management, or something else. After that, detail the topic you have chosen to be more specific. For example taxation in SMEs or others. If so, you can start outlining the latest issues or those that are being talked about by many people.

Furthermore, Darwin outlined 4 important aspects that you should pay attention to before deciding on a research topic, namely:

The research topic must be in accordance with your interests or the field of study
you are taking. This means, you must have a deep understanding of the topic you choose. Of course, you are not allowed to take topics that are outside your field of study.

Research Topics Must Be Useful and Worth Discussing

This means that the topic you choose can contribute to the development of science, profession, and is worthy of discussion.

Research Topics Must be Up to Date

Instead, look for research topics from the latest issues that are currently being discussed, then describe these issues as research study material.

Choose a Research Topic whose Material is Easy to Obtain

Material is one of the main things that you must consider in choosing a research topic. Make sure all the materials you need for your research are easily available or easily accessible.

Formulating a Topic to Become a Research Title

After determining the research topic, you can immediately formulate it into a research title. With notes, the title you make must describe the depth and scope of the research that you will do. In addition, the title must also look attractive to readers and users of your research results later.

Darwin underlined several important things that must be considered so that you can make a good research title, including:

1. The title must be relevant to the topic, scope, and part of the research you are conducting
2. The title must describe the problem to be studied simply or it can also reflect the problem under study
3. Has independent variables and dependent variables that describe the influence or relationship of the two.
4. The title must be concise, clear, solid, and firm. That is, it does not have a double meaning. If you use Indonesian, it’s best to limit the title to 12 words and 10 words for English.
5. Write the research title in noun phrase form
6. Choose a title that you can work with. The goal is that the research process runs smoothly and you can minimize obstacles in the process.
7. The title cannot be exactly the same as the title of another existing research, you should use a more specific title.

In conclusion, the title of the thesis or research that you make must use good and correct language aspects so as not to confuse the reader, and clearly and unequivocally describe what will be studied in the research. Even better, if the title has keywords that can provide an overview of the subject and research objectives.

As explained by Syofian Siregar in his book entitled Quantitative Research Methods: Equipped with Manual Calculation Comparisons .

Well, Sinaumed’s, those are the important things you should know when choosing a thesis title. Now you should have started to be able to make a good accounting thesis title and according to the wishes of the supervisor so that it is easy to acc.

If you are still having trouble, here is an example of an accounting thesis title that you can use as a reference or inspiration.

Example of Complete Accounting Thesis Title

Example of Financial Accounting Thesis Title

1. Analysis of Standard Costing as a Means of Production Cost Control
2. Fixed Assets Accounting Treatment for Presentation of Financial Statements
3. Determination of Standard Costs as a Tool for Controlling Production Costs
4. Contribution Margin Against Sales Planning
5. Difference in Raw Material Costs Against Production Cost Efficiency
6. Accounts Receivable Control System in Relation to Accounts Receivable Turnover
7. Cost Accounting Treatment Relation to Financial Statements
8. Accounting Treatment of Tangible Fixed Assets According to SAK and Taxation of Financial Statements
9. Factors Influencing Stock Prices On Ex-Dividend Day
10. Accountability Accounting As a Tool of Cost Control
11. Variable Costing Methods Against Applied Full Costing Methods As A Profit Planning Tool
12. Savings and Loans Unit in Improving the Welfare of Cooperative Members
13. Benefits of Setting a Cost and Revenue Budget as a Cost and Revenue Control Tool
14. Economic Value Added (EVA) as an Alternative to Assessing Financial Performance
15. Profit Margin and Price Earning Ratio to Return On Investment (ROI)
16. Activity Based Costing (ABC) in Determining Cost of Services as a Guideline for Setting Tariffs
17. Analysis of Liquidity Ratios and Solvency Ratios in Measuring Financial Performance
18. Financial performance on Company Liquidity
19. Financial Performance on Company Financial Profitability
20. Financial Performance Before and After Right Issue on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
21. Accounting Information for Mental Discounting.
22. Fixed Asset Accounting for Presentation of Financial Statements
23. Financial Ratios to Company Financial Performance
24. Activity Based Costing (Abc) System for Calculation of Cost of Goods Sold (HPP)

So that you can understand each topic and keyword in the example of the financial accounting thesis title above, try reading the Financial Accounting book written by Wati Aris Astuti & Dr. Surtikanti.

Example of Management Accounting Thesis Title

1. Contribution Margin Analysis of Product Sales Planning ( Product Name ) at PT. XXXX.
2. Financial Statements as Management Performance Appraiser
3. Performance Assessment with the Concept of Activity Based Management (ABM)
4. Transformer Depreciation Method of Financial Statements
5. Management Accounting Information on Exploitation Cost Efficiency
6. Asset Structure Firm Size, Earning Volatility, and Profitability to Debt Ratio
7. Budget Participation Against Budget Efficiency
8. The Balanced Scorecard as a Measuring Tool for Management Performance from a Financial, Learning and Growth Perspective
9. Standard Costs in the Context of Controlling Factory Overhead Costs
10. Cost of Quality in Controlling Defective Products to Improve Product Quality
11. Control of Receivables to Improve Working Capital Efficiency
12. SIA Credit Sales against Receivables Internal Control

To get other topics that you can make as management accounting thesis titles, the book Management Accounting Theory & Applications compiled by V Wiratna Sujarweni can help you. This book contains a collection of writings that discuss various topics in the field of management accounting.

Example of Tax Accounting Thesis Title

1. Accounting Treatment of Value Added Tax (VAT) and Its Impact on Financial Statements.
2. Calculation of Article 25 Corporate Income Tax in the Presentation of Financial Statements
3. Accounting Treatment for Auction Taxes Charged in Auction Transactions
4. Land and Building Tax (PBB) on Regional Original Income (PAD)
5. Accounting Treatment of Value Added Tax (VAT) and Its Impact on Financial Statements
6. Article 25.29 Income Tax Provisions and Their Impact on Financial Statements
7. Calculation of PPh 25 Personal Law No. 7 of 2000 in the Presentation of Hotel Financial Statements.
8. Tax Target with Tax Realization
9. Progressive Tax on private car ownership
10. Value Added Tax (VAT) on luxury car ownership

Accounting and Taxation are very closely related, both theoretically and in practice. Along with the dynamics of the development of Financial Accounting Standards which are very fast, it is absolutely understood that their influence on tax treatment, therefore you need to understand more deeply about this field so that you can determine the appropriate thesis title.

For this reason, you can make the Tax Accounting book written by Wirawan B Ilyas & Diaz Priantara the main reference.

Example of Public Sector Accounting Thesis Title

1. Analysis of the Magnitude Ratio of Regional Original Income (PAD) to the Total Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD)
2. Realization of Regional Tax Revenues Compared to Revenue Targets According to the Regional Budget
3. Collection of Restaurant Tax to Increase Regional Original Revenue
4. Analysis of Regional Tax and Retribution Efficiency Measurements
5. Land and Building Tax Revenue as Regional Income Sector
6. Capital Expenditure Investment Ratio to Total APBD
7. Ratio of PAD to Total APBD

You can study all examples of the topics above in the book Public Sector Accounting, the latest edition written by Prof. Dr. Mardiasmo, Mba., Ak, Sinaumed’s! Since it was first published, this book has been used as a guide by many students who want to understand the field of public sector accounting in Indonesia.

Example of Islamic Accounting Thesis Title

1. Musyarakah Profit Sharing Principles and Accounting Treatment at Islamic Banks based on PSAK No. 59 (Accounting for Islamic Banking)
2. Accounting Calculations and Treatment for Sharia Banking Products
3. Treatment and Calculation of Profit Sharing in Islamic Banking
4. Treatment and Calculation of Loss Sharing in Islamic Banking
5. Expectations and Implementation of PSAK No. … Islamic Banking Accounting
6. Financial Report according to PSAK No. … Islamic Bank Accounting
7. Musyarakah Profit Sharing Principles for increasing Customer Volume
8. PSAK 59 Accounting Treatment in Islamic Banking Accounting.
9. Accounting for Mudharabah Deposits in Conventional Bank Sharia Units.

The existence of Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia is now growing. Therefore, an appropriate accounting system is needed, of course, namely sharia accounting. Sharia Accounting book written by Alexander Hery, SE, MSi. You can use it as a reference to understand sharia accounting.

Example of Government Accounting Thesis Title

1. The Influence of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Governmental Accounting Management Activities
2. Analysis of the Influence of Fundamentals and Non-fundamental Factors on Underpricing of Shares in Companies Implementing Initial Public Offerings on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
3. The Influence of Situational Factors on the Independence of the Research Team Members of the One Stop Integrated Service Agency
4. The Influence of Organizational Commitment Mentoring System on Job Satisfaction of Beginner Auditors (Empirical Study of XXX District)
5. Analysis of Factors Affecting Change of Public Accountant Office After Rotation Compulsory Audit of Non-Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange)
6. Implementation of the Functions of the Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD) in the preparation of the X City Government APBD in accordance with the law. No. 22 of 1999
7. The Influence of Commitment to Goals on the Independence of One-Stop Service Research Team Members
8. Analysis of Trigger Factors Occurrence of Budget Differences with Realization of Revenue, Profits, Costs in PDAM
9. Analysis of Factors Affecting the Capability of DPRD Members in Regional Financial Supervision
10. The Effect of Institutional Ownership and Foreign Ownership on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Annual Report (Empirical Study of Non-financial Companies That Have Been Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange)
11. Analysis of the Government’s Internal Control System in the Management of Dadapan Village Funds, X District, X District in the Perspective of Government Regulation Number X Year XXXX
12. The Influence of Expertise, Independence and Professional Ethics of Auditors on Auditor Quality at City Government Inspectorate X.
13. Evaluation of the Presentation of Local Government Fixed Assets at Office X District / X District Based on PSAP No X Year X
14. Evaluation of the Financial Performance of the X District Government on the Level of SILPA for Fiscal Year X
15. Evaluation of the Government’s Internal Control System in Cash Disbursement at Service X District X
16. Evaluation of the Implementation of Accrual-Based Government Accounting Standards in District X Year X

If you need a reference on government accounting in Indonesia, the book Government Accounting in Indonesia written by Mursyidi can be your top choice. Because this book has a specialty. including providing reviews and partial examples as well as examples of integrated implementation. It also presents accounting for public service agencies (BLU) which are integrated with the accounting units that supervise them.

Example of Cost Accounting Thesis Title

1. Analysis of the Implementation of Environmental Cost Accounting at Company X in City X
2. Product X Production Cost Accounting (Case Study at Company X)
3. Study of the Application of Cost Accounting in the Regional Expenditures of City X
4. Production Cost Accounting Analysis at PT. XXX (Case Study at PT. XXX)
5. Analysis of Environmental Cost Accounting in the Waste Treatment Process of Company X City X
6. Analysis of the Implementation and Reporting of Environmental Cost Accounting: Studies at PT. X
7. Analysis of the Implementation of Environmental Cost Accounting for Waste Management (Study on Company X Year X Waste)
8. The Role of Cost Accounting as a Tool of Management at PT. X in X Year
9. Standard Cost Accounting Information System at PT. X
10. Cost Accounting Analysis in Forming the Selling Price of Product X and Its Marketing to Consumers (Case Study in XXX in Village/District/District X)

Cost accounting is an entity’s production activities to product sales or service delivery. Information about fees can be used for various purposes or purposes. Thus, it is necessary to record and classify costs to meet various objectives. The Cost Accounting book compiled by Syaiful Bahri, et al is one of the main references that you should read if you want to understand this field well.

Example of Banking Accounting Thesis Title

1. The Effect of Good Corporate Governance Self Assessment and Risk Management on Financial Performance (Case Study of Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Year X)
2. The Effect of Bonus Compensation and Dividend Payout Ratio on Profit Smoothing Practices (Study of the Banking Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Year X)
3. Effect of Inflation Rate on Total Assets of Islamic Banking in City/District X (Study on Bank X Period X)
4. Effect of Disclosure of Banking Fraud on X
5. The Influence of Loan Disbursement/Working Capital/Operating Income/Loan Interest Rates on Operating Profits in Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) Year X

Example of an Accounting Thesis Title at the District Office/Village Office

1. The Effect of Internal Control/Organizational Ethical Culture/Compensation on Accounting Fraud Tendency in Village Government X District X
2. Management/Use of Village Funds in Village X District X District X
3. Synchronization/Harmonization/Accountability of Village Financial Planning Year X (Study at Village Office X District X District X)
4. The Influence of Governance on the Performance of Village-Owned Enterprises in Province X
5. The Effect of Human Resource Competence/Leadership Style on the Quality of Village Financial Reports in District/District X

The village has the obligation to prepare financial reports for accountability for the realization of the budget for the funds it uses. Therefore, if you want to write a thesis in village accounting, you must first understand the basics.

The Village Accounting Book written by David Wijaya, Se. M.M can help you to understand all topics related to village accounting.

Example of Accounting Thesis Title about MSMEs

1. The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Business Sustainability with Business Performance as a Mediating Variable (Empirical Study on MSMEs in District/District/Province X)
2. The Influence of Readiness of Information Capital on Business Performance of MSMEs in District/District/Province X
3. The Effect of Competition Pressure on Business Performance with Transformational Leadership and Organizational Learning as Mediating Variables (Study on MSMEs in District/District/Province X)
4. Information on Media Trends Moderates the Influence of Knowledge and Tax Audit on Taxpayer Compliance of MSMEs in District/District/Province X Year X
5. The Mediation Role of Global Market Orientation on the Effect of Human Capital Readiness on Business Performance (Empirical Study of MSMEs in District/District/Province X Year X)

Closing

Thus the discussion about the title of the accounting thesis , I hope that all of the discussion above will inspire Sinaumed’s, especially in making the title of the accounting thesis.

If you want to find books about accounting, then you can find them at sinaumedia.com . Reading lots of books and articles will never hurt you, because Sinaumed’s will get #MoreWithReading information and knowledge .

Indonesia is a multicultural country consisting of more than 300 ethnic groups with different languages, cultures, customs and beliefs. Closely related to belief, usually every ethnic group has at least one mythological animal that is part of the community’s local wisdom wealth. However, as time goes by, now the existence of mythological animals in Indonesia has begun to be shifted and forgotten by modernization.

According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, mythology is the science of literary forms that contain sacred conceptions and tales about the life of gods and spirits in a culture. Mythological creatures are creatures whose existence is told in mythological stories, legends and fables. The creature is also related to the folklore of a tribe.

Mythological animals are generally fantastic, both form and ability. Because the story is a myth, its existence is believed by the people who adhere to the mythology in question. Therefore, people who do not adhere to it can equate mythological animals with imaginary creatures (imaginary creatures). Today, fantastic creatures reported as sightings and rumors are categorized as cryptids (creatures in hiding).

In its development, creatures in legends are used as symbols and decorations for buildings. These creatures are also adapted in popular culture, especially in games, fantasy fiction novels, Hollywood movies, and even power metal bands.

As part of the myth, mythological animals are believed to be creatures that actually exist by the adherents of the mythology in question. Mythological creatures appear in folklore, works of art (sculptures, decorations, and dances), and so on.

The existence of mythological creatures is closely related to beliefs and their origins can also be traced from books that contain narrations, which are believed to be true by their followers. For example, in the Qur’an (Islamic holy book) it is stated that the jinn were created from fire, while the angels were created from light. Meanwhile, in Hindu mythology described in the Puranas it is told that the gods are believed to be the descendants of Aditi (hence the name Aditya), while the giants are the descendants of Diti (thus they are called Detya).

Just like mythological creatures from other countries, mythological creatures in Indonesia are also accompanied by supernatural stories or stories of gods and goddesses. These creatures are no less interesting than the Greek mythological creatures that are well known on the international scene. Here’s the discussion!

1. Garuda

Balinese version of Garuda painting, by I Made Tlaga, a 19th century Balinese artist. This painting is now kept at the University of Leiden.

Garuda (Dewanagari: गरुड़; International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration: Garuḍa) or Garula in Pāli (Dewanagari: गरुळ; International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration: Garula) is one of the anthropomorphic-mythological creatures in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

According to Hinduism, he is the vehicle of Lord Vishnu (one of the Trimurti or three main gods); in Buddhism, he is Dhammapala or Astasena; and in Jainism, he is one of the Yaksas (protector deities) of Tirthankara Shantinatha.

Garuda’s physical interpretations vary. Mostly, he is depicted as being covered in golden fur, with a white face, and red wings. Its beak and wings are similar to that of an eagle, but its body is often human-like. It is so large that in one story it can block the sun.

The story of Garuda is found in the Mahabharata and Puranas from India. The Japanese also know a creature similar to Garuda, which they call Karura. Garuda in Thailand is known as Krut or Pha Krut. Indonesia and Thailand use the Garuda as their national symbol.

2. Ahool

Based on the news circulating in the community, apart from Mount Salak, Ahool occupies tropical islands spread across Java. He often flies like a bat but has a giant shape. His form is depicted with an ape-like head, large black eyes, large claws, his arms filled with gray hair and has long wings with a span of up to 3 meters.

The Ahool is often seen crouching in the forest, with its wings tightly closed. This mythological animal is thought to be a nocturnal creature, who often spends the day hiding in caves located behind or under waterfalls.

At night this mysterious flying creature usually just comes out of the cave and starts exploring the big rivers in search of fish for food. This means that Ahool could be similar to bats, because they live in the darkness of caves and are nocturnal.

In Africa, local people call this creature the name Kongamato which is said to be in the Cameroon region, western Zambia, Angola and Congo. Local residents also believe that his figure has often been seen in the past. There is also another theory that says the Ahool was the world’s first flying primate. Legends of a giant bird have also been a part of North American culture for centuries known as the Thunderbird.

Until now, this Ahool cryptid creature, which was given the Latin name Pteropus boomus, is still a mystery. Moreover, until now there is no physical evidence that shows the existence of living things like Ahool in the rainforests of Java.

3. Bati people

Apparently, Ahool has a twin in Maluku named Orang Bati or a winged human with a physique resembling a great ape with bat-like wings. This Indonesian mythological creature is believed to live on Mount Kairatu on the island of Seram and roam at night to prey on small children and livestock, causing fear in villagers.

Just like Ahool, Orang Bati also like to scream to create an eerie atmosphere. It is said that a British missionary named Tyson Hughes and members of his team who came to Maluku saw the Bati around 1987. The Bati, known as flying people, are also popular in other parts of the world, such as Zambia, Papua New Guinea and Congo.

4. Leaks

Statue of Rangda, Queen of the Leaks.

In Balinese mythology, Leak is an evil witch. Leak can only be seen at night by the shamans who hunt for leaks. During the day he looks like an ordinary human, while at night he is in the cemetery looking for organs in the human body that are used to make magic potions. This magic potion can change Leak’s form into a tiger, monkey, pig or become like Rangda. If necessary he can also take organs from living people.

Leak in Bali is often identified with the evil behavior of adherents of the left or pengiwa teachings, namely in the form of a human head with organs still hanging from the head. Leak is said to be able to fly to look for pregnant women, to then suck the blood of babies who are still in the womb. There are three well-known leaks. Two of them are female and one male.

According to Balinese beliefs, Leak is an ordinary human who practices evil magic and needs embryo blood to live. It is also said that Leak can transform himself into a pig or fireball, while the real form of Leak has a long tongue and sharp teeth. Some people say that Leak magic only works on the island of Bali, so Leak is only found in Bali.

Someone stabbed Leak’s neck from the bottom to the head when his head was separated from his body, so Leak couldn’t be reunited with his body. If the head is separated for a certain period of time, then Leak will die. In the Durganing purwa ejection, it is stated that there are about 35 types of leaks, including pemoroan leaks, nengkleng leaks, ugig leaks, all of which connote badness in adherents of the leak science.

5. Dragon Besukih

Naga Besukih is a mythological creature originating from and trusted by the people of Bali. The story of the Besukih Dragon also appears in the legend of the creation of the Bali Strait. It is said that the Besukih Dragon resides under the crater of Mount Agung.

One day, a holy Brahmin named Sidi Mantra meditated on Mount Agung to ask Naga Besukih’s help to solve debt problems caused by Manik Angkeran, his son who likes to gamble. Long story short, the dragon agrees to help him on the condition that Sidi Mantra’s child must stop gambling, but it turns out that Manik Angekran has not changed. The story ends with the creation of the Bali Strait by Sidi Mantra’s stick which separates Bali and Java.

6. Warak Ngendhog

If the Besukih Dragon is described as a big and powerful dragon, it is different from a small dragon named Warak Ngendhog from Semarang. Warak ngendog is a mythological animal which is a symbol of the harmony of three ethnic groups in Semarang.

This warak takes the form of a buraq with a dragon head and four legs like a goat which is a blend of the three ethnic cultures in Semarang, namely Arabic, Chinese and Javanese. Warak ngendog became a symbol of acculturation of local cultural elements when Raden Pandanaran spread Islam in the Semarang area.

Usually, Warak Ngendhog is paraded in the Kebyaran Festival or Dugderan celebration which is held to welcome the coming of the month of Ramadan. Warak Ngendhog has a scaly body, a gaping fanged mouth, and a face that is quite hideous as a symbol of lust that must be fought. The word “Warak” comes from the Arabic “wara’i” which means holy, while “ngendhog” is a Javanese word which means “laying eggs”, which is symbolized as a reward from fasting.

7. Mante tribe

This mysterious tribe is very unique because they are said to be the ancestors of the Acehnese who are still alive. However, finding it until now was still a difficult task. In 2017, there was a viral video of several motorbike riders meeting small rural people who were running very fast, it was suspected that they were members of the Mante Tribe.

Mante has a stunted physique with a maximum height of 1 meter, tan skin, and very long dreadlocks. This tribe still lives in a primitive way and is very closed to humans, they are even very afraid of humans.

The Mante tribe is thought to belong to the Proto Malay family, initially settling in the area around Aceh Besar, and living in the interior of the forest. These indigenous tribes are thought to have emigrated to Aceh via the Malay Peninsula. In the Aceh legend, the Mante and Karo tribes are mentioned as the forerunners of the Kawom Lhèë Reutōïh (three hundred tribes), which is one of the original Acehnese population groups.

At present, the Mante tribe has become extinct or disappeared because it has been mixed with other immigrant tribes that came later. Until now, there is still no strong scientific evidence for the existence of this tribe.

8. Sembrani Horse

The Sembrani horse is a mythological animal taken from the legend of the Indonesian people which describes a winged horse that can fly and is very brave. In the puppet story, Sembrani’s horse is Batara Wisnu’s horse. Meanwhile, according to Javanese folklore, Sembrani is a means of transportation for kings, queens and senopati who according to the story say that when traveling they always use the Sembrani horse so that they can easily and quickly reach their destination.

In popular culture, the Sembrani horse is often confused with Pegasus, although the two are different and the Sembrani Horse has no connotations from Greek mythology. A more appropriate equivalent for the Divine Horse might be the Flying Horse or the Mystical Horse.

9. Nyi Roro Kidul

Nyi Roro Kidul or Nyai Roro Kidul is a legendary Indonesian spirit or goddess who is very popular among the people of the island of Java. This figure is known as the Queen of the South Seas (Indian Ocean) and is generally equated with Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, although according to some circles the two are actually different.

In Javanese mythology, Kanjeng Ratu Kidul is a creation of the god Kaping Telu who fills the realm of life as the Goddess of Rice (Dewi Sri) and other natural goddesses. Meanwhile, Nyi Roro Kidul was originally a daughter of the Kingdom of Sunda who was expelled by her father because of her stepmother’s actions. In its development, people tend to equate Nyi Roro Kidul with Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, even though in Kejawen beliefs, Nyi Roro Kidul is a loyal servant of Kanjeng Ratu Kidul.

Nyi Roro Kidul’s position as Queen-LeSoft of Java is a popular motif in folklore and mythology, as well as being associated with the beauty of Sundanese princesses. Nyi Roro Kidul is also known by various names that reflect different stories of her origin, legend, mythology, and hereditary stories. He is usually called by the names of the Queen of the South Seas and Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kidul.

According to Javanese customs, the use of titles such as Nyai, Kanjeng and Gusti to refer to him is very important for politeness. People also call it grandparents (grandmother). In the form of a kind of mermaid, she is called Nyai Blorong.

Sometimes people also mention her name as Nyai Loro Kidul. Javanese loro is a homograph for “two – 2” or “pain and suffering”. While the Javanese rara (or roro ) means “girl”. A Dutch ortographer predicts that there has been a change from Old Javanese roro to new Javanese loro , resulting in a change in the meaning from “beautiful girl” to “sick person”.

10. Kuyang

Kuyang, Krasue, or Palasik is a folklore about a demon in the form of a human head with body contents attached without skin and limbs that can fly to find the blood of babies or women after giving birth. This creature is known to the people in Kalimantan. Kuyang is told as a human (woman) who demands the teachings of black magic to achieve eternal life.

During the day, a kuyang will go about his daily life as an ordinary person, but he usually wears a robe. At night the kuyang will fly to look for baby’s blood or birth blood to be sucked as a means of increasing the power of his knowledge. People who see kuyang flying usually see it like a big bird. To deal with it, the victim needs to use a palm broom or hit household items such as pots or pans.

Those are Indonesian mythological creatures that come from various regions. Some of the creatures above are also believed to be demons or ghosts, for example, Kuyang. Do you think the creatures above are more terrible than mythological creatures from other countries?

Papua traditional ceremonies – Papua is one of the largest provinces in Indonesia and is located in the eastern region of Indonesia. Besides having abundant nature, Papua is also rich in culture and traditions.

Like other regions in Indonesia, Papua is also steeped in hereditary customs and still preserves its traditions to this day.

This tradition, which is still maintained by the Papuan people, includes traditional Papuan ceremonies which are carried out at certain moments. Papuan traditional ceremonies are currently not just ceremonies, but also a tourist attraction for tourists.

So, what are the traditional Papuan ceremonies that are still sustainable today? What is its uniqueness and the philosophy behind it? Check out the various traditional Papuan ceremonies and their philosophy below!

Various Papuan Traditional Ceremonies and Their Philosophy

1. Papuan Traditional Ceremonies: Stone Burning, Ritual Cooking Together

The first Papuan traditional ceremony is the stone burning ceremony which is a form of gratitude for the people of Papua. This ceremony is a tradition, in which the Papuan people carry out a cooking ritual together.

In its development, this stone burning ceremony has different names, such as Barapen in Jayawijaya, Kit Oba Isago in Wamena, and Mogo Gapil in Paniai.

Usually, the stone burning ceremony is performed by inland tribes such as Nabire, Baliem Valley, Central Mountains, Paniai, Bintang Mountains, Yahukimo and Dekai. Historically, the stone burning ceremony for people in the central highlands of Papua is a fast for burning pork.

However, as a form of tolerance, currently the people of Papua do not have to or do not always burn pigs, sometimes they also burn cows, goats and chickens.

The Batu Bakar ceremony is carried out to welcome news of happiness, such as the implementation of traditional marriages, births, the coronation of tribal chiefs, and gathering soldiers when going to war.

In addition, the stone burning ceremony is also a symbol of the simplicity possessed by the Papuan people who always uphold equal rights, justice, sincerity, cohesiveness, honesty, and sincerity that brings peace.

The stone burning ceremony is called stone burning, because the procession burns stones until the stones are hot, then when the stones are hot, then people will pile food on top of them to be cooked until cooked.

2. Papuan Traditional Ceremonies: Planting Sasi, the Traditional Ceremony of Death by the Marind Anim Tribe

The traditional ceremony of planting sasi is a traditional death ceremony that developed in the Merauke Regency area and is carried out by the Marind tribe or the Marind-Anim tribe. The Marind tribe is in the vast plains region of West Papua.

The word anim in the naming of the Marind Anim tribe means male and the word anum means female. The population of this tribe is estimated at 5000 to 7000 inhabitants.

Sasi is a type of wood which is the main medium in this series of traditional death ceremonies. Sasi wood is planted for approximately 40 days after the death of someone in the area. The sasi wood will then be revoked, after reaching the thousandth day it is planted.

The sasi planting ceremony is always carried out by the Marind tribe and has an impact on the results of typical Papuan wood carvings which are well known to foreign countries.

Like the stone burning ceremony, the planting sasi ceremony also has a philosophy or special meaning for the Marind people. The meaning stored in the sasi planting ceremony is as follows.

• Typical carvings originating from Papua, symbolizing the presence of the ancestors.
• The sasi planting ceremony is a sign of the state of the heart for the community
• Papua, for example, is like expressing sadness when someone dies.
• As a symbol of the beliefs of the people with special motifs such as animals, humans and plants carved on wood.
• As a symbol of beauty in the form of masterpieces and works of art made by the people of Papua and representing memories from their ancestors.

The Papuan people who carry out the sasi planting ceremony believe that carvings on sasi wood have several special meanings, such as the presence of ancestral spirits, a symbol of belief in living things and a symbol of beauty and works of art.

In the process of the Tanam Sasi ceremony, the community will perform a traditional dance called the Gatsi Dance. Gatsi Dance is one of the typical dances of the Marind Tribe.

This Gatsi dance is performed only when the traditional Tanam Sasi ceremony takes place and the ear tusu festival, this is because the Gatsi Dance has a special meaning, namely that the people of the Marind Tribe always comply with the cultural customs that exist in the community and help preserve the traditions of the Marind Tribe people. During the show, the musicians will play a traditional musical instrument called Tifa.

Tifa is a musical instrument that has a shape like a small drum or dogdog. In addition, tifa is also considered very special because it is made of milk wood. This wood is a hardwood that can only be found in the forest areas of West Papua. Meanwhile, the drum part of the tifa is made from monitor lizard or deer skin which has been processed to produce a musical sound.

3. Papuan Traditional Ceremonies: Wor, Rituals to Ask for Protection

The Wor ceremony is a tradition that has been passed down from generation to generation by the Biak tribe, namely tribes that inhabit various regions in Papua. The Wor ceremony can be interpreted as a traditional ceremony that has a relationship with the religious life of the Biak people, so that all kinds of social life aspects of the Biak people are often colored with Wor.

For Biak residents, the Wor ceremony is an obligation that must be carried out by the nuclear family by involving the husband’s and wife’s relatives. The goal is to beg and ask for protection for their child from the ruler of the universe.

The Wor ceremony is also believed by the people of Biak to protect a person every time there is a transition in his life cycle. Usually, the Biak people carry out the Wor ceremony to accompany the physical growth of children, from when they are still in the womb, from birth to old age or even death.

4. Papuan Traditional Ceremony: Death of the Asmat Tribe

A well-known Papuan traditional ceremony is the death ceremony by the Asmat tribe. The Asmat tribe is one of the tribes that has the largest population in Papua. Apart from being the largest tribe, the Asmat tribe also has several important rituals or ceremonies that are usually performed and one of them is the death ceremony of the Asmat tribe.

The Asmat people usually do not bury the bodies of tribe members who have died. They usually put the corpse on a mortar boat equipped with sago, then the corpse is allowed to flow into the sea leaving the corpse on woven bamboo until it finally decomposes.

After the corpses are left to become bones, then the Asmat people will store them on a tree. While the skull of the corpse will be used as a pillow by his family members. This is done as a form of affection, love from family members left behind.

The death ceremony is carried out by the Asmat people, because the Asmat people believe that death is not a natural thing, but rather a sign of the presence of disturbing evil spirits. Therefore, when someone is sick, Asmat residents will make a fence from nipa palm branches.

This tree made of nipa palm branches aims to drive away evil spirits that roam around the sick person and not approach the person. When that person is sick, people will just stay and crowd around him without giving medicine or food. It was only after the sick person died that the Asmat people would scramble to hug the corpse and roll their bodies out in the mud.

Then the tradition of the death of the Asmat tribe continues as described above.

5. Papuan Traditional Ceremony: Kiuturu Nandauw

In Papua, there are also several important special traditional ceremonies that are usually performed by parents for their children. Children in Papua will usually carry out a series of traditional ceremonies which have become a tradition passed down from generation to generation.

One of them is the Kiuturu Nandauw traditional ceremony or commonly called the Kakarukrorbun traditional ceremony. This traditional ceremony is the first haircut ceremony performed by children when they turn 5 years old.

6. Traditional Ear Piercing Ceremony: Ero Era Tu Ura

The traditional Papuan ceremony, ear piercing or also called mam Ero Era Tu Ura is a traditional ceremony performed by children aged three to five years to educate their ears.

This ceremony will be carried out and led by a shaman named Aebe Siewi and attended by the relatives of the child who will be pierced as well as neighbors.

The child who will undergo the ear piercing ceremony will later sit on a mat and be surrounded by other invited children. Then, the child’s ears will be pierced using a special tool.

The Ero Era Tu Ura ceremony is held to protect the child’s ears. Because the Papuan people believe that the ear is a hearing aid that must be maintained. The Papuan people also hope that children who have had their ears pierced always listen to good sounds and not bad ones.

7. Catching Fish in the Sea: Snap Mor

The next Papuan traditional ceremony is a tradition of catching fish in receding sea water. This Papuan traditional ceremony is called Snap Mor and is usually carried out by the Papuan people of the Biak tribe in groups.

Snap Mor is carried out when the sea water is receding, which is around July to August. The Snap Mor traditional ceremony is one of the signs that the Bika people have knowledge about the right and appropriate time to catch fish.

Not only that, the Snap Mor tradition contains the value of togetherness and is a form of gratitude for the Biak people for the blessings and gifts that have been bestowed by God Almighty.

8. Papua Traditional Ceremony of Iris Ears: The Nasu Palek Tradition

This Papuan traditional ceremony is considered quite extreme. The Nasu Palek traditional ceremony is a tradition of cutting ears carried out by the people of the Dani tribe.

The Nasu Palek tradition is carried out as a form of grief or sadness when a family member dies. For the Dani people, each reduced ear lobe is a form of respect for mothers, fathers and siblings who have died.

9. Iki Palek Tradition

This traditional ceremony is still related to the Nasu Palek traditional ceremony, in fact this traditional ceremony is quite well known because it is considered extreme. The difference with the Nasu Palek traditional ceremony, the Iki Palek traditional ceremony is a finger cutting ceremony.

The finger cutting ceremony will be held when a family member dies. The goal is the same as the Nasu Palek traditional ceremony, namely as a form of sadness or grief over the departure of family members. This tradition is carried out, because according to the Dani people, crying alone is not enough to represent the sadness felt by someone. In addition, the Dani people also think that losing a family member is like losing some of their strength.

The Iki Palek ceremony is carried out by cutting a knuckle as a symbol of grief due to the departure of those closest to you. The process of cutting one finger knuckle, is usually done using an ax or traditional knife or you can also bite the finger until it breaks.

In general, the Iki Palek ceremony is only performed by women. However, sometimes men also perform the Iki Palek ceremony.

10. Biak Tribe Marriage

The people of the Biak Tribe in Papua are known to have arranged marriages for their children since they were small. Before holding a wedding ceremony, usually the Biak people will undergo a series of processions starting from proposal or senepen, application or fakfuhen until finally carrying out the wedding process.

In general, marriages carried out by the Biak people are quite simple. Just like weddings in general, the bride and groom will be decorated using traditional clothes. Meanwhile, when the wedding reception is usually held at the groom’s house.

The wedding process of the Biak Tribe bride will begin by handing over heirlooms first, for example machetes, arrows and spears between the two parties.

After the process is complete, the bride and groom will be given a cigarette which must be smoked by the two in turn while accompanied by prayers and incantations chanted by tribal elders. After the ceremony is over, the two families will eat together.

As previously explained, before the wedding ceremony begins, there is a procession that must take place beforehand, namely delivering the dowry to the prospective bride from the prospective groom.

This one procession is called the Aratem ceremony. During the trip to deliver the dowry, the entourage of the groom’s family will be accompanied by various dances and songs.

So, those are the various traditional Papuan ceremonies that are still sustainable today, with the philosophy and reasons why these traditional ceremonies are carried out. If Sinaumed’s is interested in reading more about the unique traditions that exist in Indonesia or about the conditions in Papua, Sinaumed’s can read the books available at sinaumedia.com so that you have #MoreWithReading information.

Author: Khansa

Also read:

10 Kinds of Swimming Style – Does Sinaumed’s like swimming, especially on weekends, to get rid of fatigue from daily activities? It turns out that swimming has existed since prehistoric times, you know… This is only natural, because ancient people liked to get into the water and move their bodies for various purposes, one of which was looking for food. The activity grew progressively until the 15th century, which Nicolas Wynman has noted as the emergence of the modern sport of swimming. After that, the development of the sport of swimming is increasingly in demand by many people, starting from the construction of the first swimming pool in 1800 to various swimming styles.

In modern times like today, swimming has been included in world sports competitions, namely the Olympics. However, to take part in this Olympic competition, we don’t just have to enter the water and move around carelessly, yes… we have to understand the technique in swimming style. Some of the swimming styles that are often contested in the Olympics are freestyle, butterfly, backstroke and breaststroke. That is why the school curriculum, especially in sports subjects, often teaches these 4 swimming styles. In fact, there are not only 4 swimming styles, you know… So, what are the different swimming styles? What are the techniques for learning the various swimming styles? Well, so that Sinaumed’sTo understand these things, let’s look at the following review!

1. Freestyle (Crawl)

Freestyle swimming is a swimming activity with the chest position facing the water surface. The characteristic of this freestyle is that the body position is in a straight line and when there is a recovery movement, both hands move above the surface of the water. Later, both hands will alternately move far forward with a paddling motion, while the two legs will move in a “whipping” motion alternately up and down. When practicing this freestyle, the face position must be facing the surface of the water. The main goal of this freestyle swimming is so that your body can slide quickly while in the water. This style is also included in swimming competitions in Olympic competitions because it is easy to learn and efficient.

In freestyle swimming, breathing is done when the middle arm is moved outward from the water, that is, when the body is in an inclined position and the head is turned to the side. Now, when taking a breath, swimmers are of course free to choose to turn to the right or left. Actually, this freestyle is a swimming style that is not bound by certain basic techniques. Even this style can also be done with a variety of movements in swimming, so that it can make swimmers go fast in the water. This style is also effectively used by beginners.

A Brief History of Freestyle Swimming

Freestyle swimming is believed to have appeared in the Western world, to be precise in London in 1844. At that time, Indian swimmers used this freestyle so that they easily beat British swimmers (using breaststroke) when there was a competition between the two. Even though at that time, British swimmers still considered the freestyle in swimming not elegant because it splashed a lot of water. Not long after that, between 1870-1890, a British swimming coach, John Arthur Trudgen began to learn this freestyle from the natives of South America. Based on this, freestyle swimming continues to grow to what it is today.

Freestyle Swimming Technique

Body Position

• Must be prone with a horizontal body position.
• Try to relax your body.
• Try to keep your head, back and legs as flat as possible with the surface of the water.
• The forehead, shoulders, heels and buttocks are in the average position of the water.

Foot movements

• The legs must continue to move in order to produce an uninterrupted thrust when swimming.
• The back of the sole of the foot is stretched and straight towards the back.
• The punching movement starts from the groin, then the lower leg, and ends with a “beat” movement from the ankle.
• Keeping your knees and ankles relaxed can increase the effectiveness of your strokes in the water.
• The upward movement of the feet should not exceed the surface of the water.
• The foot movement is carried out twice with the foot kick and two hand pulls.

Hand movements

• When the arm enters the water, the thumb enters first, followed by the wrist and upper arm.
• The position of the hands when entering the water, is in front of the shoulders with the elbows bent down and forward.
• The wrists are bent slightly and the fingers are together.

Breath Intake

• Done by tilting the head to the right or left side.
• Done using the mouth, that is, when the head is in a tilted position to the side and then exhale while facing the water.
• Done simultaneously with the end of the hand movement.

Benefits of Freestyle Swimming

Reporting from halodoc , the use of freestyle when swimming can provide great benefits, including:

a) Increase Height

According to BuildYourDreamBody, to increase height through swimming can be done freestyle. This is because freestyle tends to be dynamic and can make the body pull towards the front and back.

b) Exercising Muscles

Through this free style, the muscles of the body will move optimally. Therefore, people who often do freestyle swimming will not easily experience back muscle pain.

2. Butterfly Style

The butterfly style is called the dolphin style which is also one of the swimming styles in Olympic competitions. This swimming style has the chest position facing the water surface. While on both arms simultaneously pressed down and moved outwards, before it swung to the front. On both legs simultaneously kicking downwards and upwards, like the movement of a fish’s tail.

This butterfly style is classified as the newest swimming style, you know because it was only created in 1933. Unlike other swimming styles, learning this butterfly style takes quite a long time, especially to learn the coordination of the movements of the hands and feet. Historically, this butterfly style was created by Henry Meys who was already an expert in sports from America when he was participating in the YMCA swimming competition in 1933. At that time, Henry Myers combined breaststroke with continuous arm movements and rotations.

Butterfly Swimming Technique

Starting Technique

• Done right above the starting beam by bending the body towards the water.
• Knees slightly bent.

Body Position

• The position of the body should be face down and almost parallel under the surface of the water.
• On the legs, when doing the beat, it should not be too deep.
• On the legs, the position must be slightly raised until the mouth is on the surface of the water. This is so that it is easy to take a breath.

Arm Movement

In this butterfly style, arm movements must be done simultaneously, both between the left arm and the right arm.

• Catch / Catch : when the body and arms have entered the water, move the arms outwards and continue with movements like catching.
• Down Sweep / Reaching : when the catching movement has been carried out, then the swimmer must be able to move the wrists and elbows that have been slightly bent, downwards.
• In Sweep/Pulling : Be sure to pull your hands in and back, just under your head.
• Up Sweep/Pushing : Push the arm backwards, then proceed to take it out of the water again.
• Recovery / Recovery : Raise the elbow above the surface of the water, then proceed with a circular motion of the shoulder joint.

Foot movements

• Try to keep your legs in a straight position, from the base of the foot to the toe.
• Knees bend first, but don’t bend too much.
• Make a kicking motion with your feet.
• After kicking the foot, position the foot as if you were pedaling downwards.

Breathing Technique

• Lift your head up, just above the surface of the water. But don’t get too high.
• Try to raise your head slightly above the surface of the water and when you’re done, lower your head back down to the bottom of the water quickly.
• Use your nose to blow out the water.

Benefits of Swimming Butterfly Style

The following are the four benefits of swimming the butterfly style as follows:

a) Train the Arm Muscles

Especially in the coordination of the arms and legs, so it will help train the arm muscles.

b) Exercising Leg Muscles

In very strong leg coordination, it can help train leg muscles.

c) Forming Posture

Namely by training the chest muscles and muscles in the shoulders, so that it can encourage the formation of ideal body posture.

d) Lose Weight

Swimming butterfly style can help burn fat and lose weight helps build muscles in the abdomen.

3. Backstroke

As the name implies, this backstroke swimming has a back position facing the water surface. Meanwhile, the position of the face is above the water so it will be easy to take a breath. However, swimmers can only look in that direction. That is why, during a race, swimmers who use this backstroke will estimate the poolside wall by counting the number of movements.

In this backstroke swimming, later the movement of the arms and legs will be similar to the freestyle, with one difference, that is, the position of the body tends to lie on the surface of the water. Both hands will alternately be moved towards the waist like a paddling motion. To take a breath, the mouth and nose are outside the water, so it will be easy to breathe properly.

During the race, the starting attitude is carried out in the pool by facing the pool wall with both hands holding the iron grip. While both knees will be bent between the two hands. Just a little trivia, the backstroke has actually been known since ancient times, you know… Then it was contested for the first time at the 1900 Paris Olympics so it is called the oldest swimming style after the freestyle.

Backstroke Swimming Technique

Body Position

• Try to keep your body position straight and parallel to the surface of the water.
• Lower your hips about 2-5 cm from the surface of the water. This is done to keep the movement of the feet in the water so that they remain stable.
• Make sure the head is facing up. The neck must be relaxed so that the movement remains in a straight line.
• The water level on the head must cover the ears.

Foot movements

• The position of the two legs must be in a straight condition with close proximity.
• Ankles should be relaxed, with knees slightly bent especially when starting rowing.
• Movement starts from the groin. Bend the knees slightly then shake the toes.

Breathing Technique

• The most appropriate tempo for breathing is to take a breath at rest from one arm.
• Exhale at rest from the other arm.

Hand movements

• Swing your arms alternately straight to the surface of the water. Try to go over your head and enter the water with your arms by your side.
• Rotate your arms back and they should go over your head.
• While your arms are in the water, bend your elbows to a 90° angle and push them toward your hips.
• Straighten your arms once they reach your hips.
• Make sure your palms are facing your body and leave them out with your thumbs first.

4. Breaststroke or Frog Style

Breaststroke swimming, aka frog style, is a popular choice for recreational swimming. In this breaststroke, you have a stable body position with your head out of the water for a long time. The position of the chest will face the surface of the water, but it’s still different from the freestyle, because the torso in this style will be in a fixed state. Both legs will kick outwards, while both hands remain straight forward.

Later, both hands will be opened to the sides, like a movement as if they were splitting water. This is done so that the body can move faster forward. Meanwhile, breathing is done when the mouth is on the surface of the water, right after one or two hand-foot movements. This swimming style is usually taught to beginners and is the slowest style.

A Brief History of Breaststroke

This breaststroke is the most popular swimming style in various countries, and has even been taught in ancient schools in Egypt, China, Greece, to Rome. In 1538, a German scientist, Nicolaus Wynmann managed to publish a book on swimming for the first time and contained breaststroke techniques, with the aim of promoting swimming as a way of saving oneself from drowning. After that, swimming competitions became known in Europe in 1800 and most of the participants used this breaststroke.

Basic Techniques of Breaststroke

Movement Start

• Almost the same as the freestyle and butterfly, namely the sliding style.
• Stand on the edge of the pool with one foot against the pool wall.
• The position of the body is bent so that it looks parallel to the surface of the water. Both hands are straightened and flank the ears.
• Repulsion of the feet on the pool wall firmly, so that the body will slide forward.
• Both arms and legs in a straight position to maintain balance.

Foot movements

• Body position should be prone or prone.
• Hold on to the pool wall.
• The position of the head is on the surface of the water and both legs are straight.
• Both legs pulled to the side and then straightened both legs again, like the frog legs while swimming.
• When both legs are straightened, make a whip especially when the feet are closed.
• The condition of both feet relaxed.

Hand movements

• Place both feet on the pool wall.
• Straighten your hands and position your head out of the water.
• Pull both hands together toward the lower chest while palms paddling the water.

Breathing Technique

• Inhaling can be done when both hands are being pulled to the side.
• Head lifted up while taking air.
• If a beginner, do it slowly.

Benefits of Breaststroke Swimming

a) Eliminate Stress

Since breaststroke swimming has a fairly slow movement, it is suitable for recreation aimed at relieving stress. With the position of the head that is sometimes below the surface of the water, it can help refresh the mind and relieve stress.

b) Maintain Body Cholesterol Levels

Sinaumed’s surely knows that the human body needs cholesterol in order to produce vitamin D while protecting cells and forming hormones. However, excessive cholesterol levels are also dangerous, especially for the heart. Well, one way to control cholesterol levels in the body is to regularly swim using the breaststroke.

5. Side Swim Style

Side stroke is a swimming style that is rarely used by swimmers, although it is definitely there for recreational purposes. Namely by using the side of the body only. While one hand is in the water and the other is above. The hands that are in the water will usually make circular swing movements to push the body. Then, the hand that is above will make a relaxed movement straight towards the head.

This swimming style is indeed not contested in official competitions, because very few people know of its existence.

6. Dog Swimming Style

As the name implies, the movement will be like a dog swimming in the water. The position of the head is above the water, while the feet and hands will make a paddling motion. This movement is one of the easiest swimming styles to do, especially for beginners who can’t swim.

7. Trudgen Swim

This swimming style is actually a development of freestyle. The position of the feet in the water will resemble scissors with alternating up and down movements. The position of both hands is horizontal, so that as the legs move, you also pull one arm towards the water in a circular motion like a pinwheel. After that, insert the other hand under the body part of the thigh. For breathing techniques, it can be done at any time according to the strength of each swimmer.

8. Underwater Swimming Style

Actually, the style of swimming underwater is actually faster than swimming on the surface of the water. At the 1988 Olympics, many swimmers took part in the underwater backstroke event. After that, the Olympics stated that swimmers were only allowed to be underwater for 15 meters, right after the starting movement.

Since this stroke is performed underwater, it is common for swimmers to have difficulty exhaling so they will either breathe through life or even use a nose clip. Some of the styles that can be done underwater are:

a) Sea Lion Stroke 

This stroke is performed with a rowing motion, precisely the arm on the side going along the line of the body accompanied by kicks flapping in the contralateral order (on the opposite side). This is what causes this style to be called the sea lion swimming style and is effective enough to be done underwater which has a narrow size.

b) Dolphin Kick

This style is usually used at the start of a race to maintain speed, which results from the wall pushing at the start and the turn. The trick is to kick the legs up and down, while being pressed simultaneously. So, when used to practice swimming underwater, the arms will be stretched in front of the head.

c) Fish Kick

Almost similar to the previous dolphin kick style, but for this one style it is done while on the swimmer’s side. Precisely this style is the fastest swimming style , you know because it can create a vortex that encourages swimmers to move forward.

9. Swimming Style To Save Lives

Unlike the purpose of swimming in the previous style, this swimming style is not done for recreational or competition purposes, but instead as an effort to save lives in the water. This style can not only be done by safety officers, but also ordinary people to minimize risky events that are experienced by people around us. So, here are some swimming styles to save lives.

a) Pushing Rescue Stroke

Namely swimming style to help swimmers who feel tired. Later, the tired swimmer will lie on the back of the rescuer so that the rescue party will kick the whip to get to the edge of the pool or ocean.

b) Lifesaving Stroke

Almost the same as the side stroke, but the lower arm will move while the upper arm will pull the swimmer who is struggling.

c) Extended Arm Tow (Unconscious Victim)

This style is done when the victim is unconscious, so the rescue will be carried out by swimming side stroke or supine breaststroke. Later, the rescuer holds the head with straight arms, then hands cupped under the chin. This is to ensure that the victim’s mouth and nose are out of the water.

d) Head-Up Front Crawl (Tarzan Stroke)

Done with eyes still facing forward on the surface of the water, as if observing the circumstances around the water.

e) Pulling Rescue Stroke

Later, the swimmer will lie on his back and the rescuer will grab the swimmer’s armpit by kicking the whip on the back. This is to create a forward movement. However, the kick should not be too shallow because later the victim will be hit by the whip kick.

10. Glide Style As Basic Movement

Actually, gliding is not a swimming style but instead becomes the initial movement when going to swim, especially in breaststroke, butterfly and free. However, many people still understand it as a swimming style.

To perform this technique, the swimmer simply stands on the edge of the pool while sticking one bent leg on the pool wall. Then, bend your body so that it is parallel to the surface of the water. While the position of the two hands should be straight forward while pressing the earlobe. The greater the push from the feet, the farther the sliding motion will be.

So, that’s a review of the 10 different swimming styles that Sinaumed’s can find in swimming, both for recreational purposes, competitions, as well as efforts to save lives. Is Sinaumed’s already adept at mastering some of these swimming styles?

Also Read!

• History of Swimming Sports in the World and Indonesia
• Basic Techniques, Styles, and Regulations in Swimming
• What is Diving?
• Concepts and Types of Techniques in Lay Up Basketball
• 8 Types of Floor Exercises Without Equipment
• Technique, History, and Style in the High Jump
• History and 4 Most Famous Doping Cases

Types of Service Businesses – We will do everything we can to get income, of course in a good way. There are many business ideas that make your financial affairs easier. Before thinking about the idea, find out from within yourself, what are your skills, what can you do.

To build a business, you need to be prepared carefully regarding the business you want to undertake so that the results are maximized. The preparation starts from the capital. The business capital depends on what business you want to build.

Like a service business, the main capital of a service business is one’s own expertise. If you have a passion or expertise in a certain field, of course you will know what business you want to build.

Definition of Service Business

Service business is a commercial company consisting of individuals or groups, having experts in a particular field whose job is to complete tasks for the benefit of customers. The product provided from a service business is not a tangible object, but a skilled workforce to provide to customers.

In the service business also prioritizes customer satisfaction. However, this is different from other businesses. Customer satisfaction is obtained from the performance results that we provide to customers. To get customer satisfaction, we must be able to complete tasks according to their requests.

In addition, the key to making this business known to more people is through customer testimonials. This testimony is in the form of customer trust in the service experience provided. Because this business does not provide tangible products, try to maximize performance so that customers are satisfied and come back, or even propose your service business to their friends.

Definition of Service Business According to Experts

1. Djaslim Saladin

According to Djaslim Saladin, a service business is a business that carries out intangible activities and does not result in ownership of the consumer.

2. Norman

According to Norman, a service business is a business that takes action in the form of contact between producers and consumers whose value is more than just results.

3. Adrian Payne

According to Adrian Payne, a service business is a business that carries out economic activities that have value benefits or intangible benefits, where there is interaction with consumers or goods that does not result in a transfer of ownership.

4. Christian Gronross

According to Christian Gronross, a service business is a business whose activities consist of a series of intangible activities between service employees and customers to solve a problem.

5.Philip Kotler

According to Philip Kotler, a service business is a business that offers an intangible action, and does not cause a transfer of ownership of the resulting product.

Service Business Characteristics

Intangible product

Service companies do not offer tangible products, but only value. This value has benefits provided to customers.

Its main activity is selling services

In accordance with the understanding that has been described, service businesses only sell and offer services from service employees. These services can be in the form of energy, mind, and other special techniques.

Service prices are uncertain

The price offered for one service product cannot be equated with other services. This relates to the expertise of service employees and consumer needs.

There is no base price

Because this business does not sell physical goods, this business does not require prices for raw materials. The financial statements cannot be seen and calculated from the cost of goods sold. But the price of services is usually created from the results of services that have been provided, and high flying hours.

To better understand the accounting system that exists in service and trade companies, Sinaumed’s can also read the book Service & Trade Sector Accounting for Small & Medium Enterprises which also contains various examples and discussions that can help you understand it more easily.

Types of Service Business

There are several types of businesses that might suit you. But this must be adjusted to the expertise of each. Curious what kind of business there are? Come on Sinaumed’s, let’s look at the following review!

1. Transportation Services

Transportation is a way to transport and move goods or people from the place of origin to the destination. All aspects of life require transportation, starting from the fields of economy, politics, defense, security, and others.

This transportation service is divided into three, namely, land transportation, sea transportation, and air transportation. The three sections of course have different vehicles as well. Land transportation services in the form of cars, motorcycles, buses, trucks, and trains. Sea transportation services in the form of ships and boats. Air transportation services in the form of planes, jets, and helicopters.

Then, examples of services offered in each transportation are different. In land transportation in the form of taxis, motorcycle taxis, public transportation buses and public transportation, trains (KRL, MRT, LRT), as well as buses for trips within or outside the city. Then, sea transportation has business services in the form of ships. Furthermore, for land transportation, it has aircraft business services with several airlines, as well as helicopter and jet rentals.

To learn how the existing accounting system for this type of service business, Sinaumed’s can read the book Accounting Systems for Automotive Service Businesses.

2. Health Services

Health services are services provided to people who need examination, treatment, medical action, medical consultation, care, and use of medical facilities provided by the hospital and related health service units.

Not only hospitals, health centers and clinics are also one of the health service businesses. The difference is only in the completeness of the existing facilities. Usually complete facilities are in the hospital.

Examples of community services include doctors, nurses, health clinics, maternity homes, health laboratories, and others.

3. Educational Services

Education services play an important role in improving the quality of human resources. The success of these educational services is determined by the quality of services provided to pupils, students or students. Good quality education will produce good human resources as well.

Educational services cannot be separated from the source, namely the educational institution that provides these educational services. That is, if students buy this service, they will directly deal with the service provider

In addition to providing knowledge, educational services should also provide comfort during the teaching and learning process. Convenience in learning is the key so that students can absorb knowledge well.

Of course, you already know what are the examples of educational services. They are teachers and lecturers. Teachers can include school teachers as well as tutors.

4. Author Services

Writers are creative actors who create their written works like works of fiction and non-fiction. These works are created and developed from the ideas, feelings, and thoughts of the author.

In this digital era, writers are needed. Many writers write for company websites, company social media, write an advertising product, and so on.

Writers can be one of the service business options. Writers now do not need to print their writings if they want to be read by the general public. With the internet and several available platforms , writers can upload their own writings on their personal blogs or the website of the company where they work.

There are several examples of writing services including, content writers , namely people who write articles in the form of articles on personal or company blogs or websites. Then, SEO writers are writers who can combine their written content with techniques from SEO ( Search Engine Optimization) . Next, there is a copywriter , namely a person who does the writing for the product to be advertised.

Some examples of these writers are included in non-fiction writers. Then the next writer is the writer of novels and short stories. As you know, the authors of these novels and short stories usually have their own printed books, or can also upload them on certain platforms . After that there is a screenplay writer, this writer offers his services to the world of cinema. The script he wrote will later be made into a film.

5. Editorial Services

In every project in the creative world, of course, we need the services of an editor. An editor or editor is someone who is responsible for ensuring and correcting a project so that errors do not occur when they want to publish it.

The editors here are not only for the work of writers, but the editors here are also for jobs in the world of film and photography. Because it has an important role, the editor is someone who is involved in all aspects of the project.

There are several examples of editor services, namely, copy editors (editing scripts, spelling, data, etc.), then film editors, photo editors, and there are also sound editors.

6. Photography and Videography Services

Both of these service businesses are engaged in the same field, namely the creative industry, the same as the business of writers and editors. Even though photography and videography services sound similar, the techniques used are still different.

Photography services offer services with expertise in photographing an inanimate or living object whose results can be used for the personal interests of consumers or also used for the benefit of the company.

For videography services it is almost the same as photography, but as we know videography is more about video capture techniques, camera movements to produce decent videos according to customer requests.

Both of these services are assisted by their respective photo and video editors. Usually photographers or videographers can edit their own videos, but it is possible for large companies to split the service business in two.

7. Electronic Service

Opening an electronic service service or working in the electronics service field in the current era is the right choice. Almost all people use gadgets and electronic devices at home. What if the tools are damaged? There are some people who think that if the goods in their house are damaged, they will buy them again. But do not rule out someone who wants to fix it again.

If Sinaumed’s wants to open an independent electronics service, of course, the capital needed besides expertise is capital for spare parts from electronic goods according to your service services. However, if Sinaumed’s works for an electronics company, of course he only relies on expertise capital.

This electronic service is broad, because the electronic goods used by people vary. Ranging from personal items to household items. These are some examples of electronic service services which include, device service services ( smartphones, laptops, tablets, computers), printers, TVs, DVDs, radios, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, musical instruments, and others related to goods. electronic.

8. Graphic Design Services

This graphic design service is often in demand by business people. Business people use this service to design logos, business cards, and other things related to the company’s business.

This graphic design service is an individual service or an agency that offers their expertise in art such as drawings, illustrations, and those related to design according to customer needs.

A graphic designer who offers his services must also have broad insight beyond his expertise in making designs. These insights include technology, culture, philosophy, science, and social. Because it concerns what will be the idea that will be poured into a picture.

9. Financial Services

Financial services are types of services provided by financial institutions. The financial institution industry in question includes banks, insurance companies, consumer financing, export-import financing, securities, and credit card companies.

In this case financial services are supervised by OJK (Financial Services Authority). OJK regulates all financial services in Indonesia, consisting of banking, insurance, capital markets, pension funds, financing, and other financial services industries.

For Sinaumed’s who have expertise in finance, this can be an option for your work.

10. Tourism Services

This tourism service is very potential in Indonesia. This is because Indonesia has many tourist destinations and the natural beauty of Indonesia. The beauty of Indonesia is an attraction for domestic and foreign tourists.

Indonesia’s tourism sector is growing and developing into an important industry to increase the country’s foreign exchange. This is due to the increasing number of Indonesian tourism connoisseurs from abroad. In addition to adding to the country’s foreign exchange, Indonesian culture can also be easily introduced.

Examples of the type of tourism business include accommodation businesses, vehicle rentals, rental of tourist equipment, and providers of tourist areas.

Service Business Purpose

Service companies or individuals have the aim of making a profit or profit from the services that have been offered. To be able to benefit, it is important to have good financial records in the form of reports. Learn how through the book Easy Ways to Prepare Financial Statements for Service Companies.

In addition to the benefits for service providers, these benefits are also given to customers with satisfactory service from service providers for the needs sought from customers.

This service business also has a goal as a provider of procurement of goods. Where in the business world access is also needed to purchase goods. Generally a company will consult to buy and sell certain goods.

Employment is also the goal of this service business. The more service businesses that develop, the more jobs are created. This service business absorbs labor from the community.

Conclusion

Service business is a commercial company consisting of individuals or groups who have expertise in a particular field to meet customer needs. This service business does not offer tangible products to customers, but only offers labor or expertise in certain fields needed by customers.

These service businesses do not have a cost of production because most of them do not need capital in the form of goods to transfer their ownership. Capital for service businesses is usually only from expertise and passion . However, several service businesses also offer leasing of goods whose capital is the maintenance of the goods themselves.

This service business certainly aims to seek profit or profit for the individual or the company. This advantage is exchanged to the customer with the expertise of this service provider.

With this service business, job opportunities are wide open. The more service businesses develop, the wider the job opportunities are created

Well, Sinaumed’s, that’s an explanation of the type of service business. Sinaumed’s can also learn about service businesses by reading books related to service businesses.

To find books related to service businesses, Sinaumed’s can buy them at https://sinaumedia.com/ . sinaumedia as #Friends Without Limits has provided a variety of quality books. Let’s continue to learn by reading books. Come on, buy the book now!

 

Author: Ricky Atthariq

10 Types of Novels, Which is Your Favorite? – As novel lovers, sometimes we really appreciate and also fall in love with the story. This also makes some reading enthusiasts want to participate in writing their own stories by reflecting on their favorite novels. However, before starting to write, do you know what types of novels exist?

When reading a book you are sure to find similar types of novels that you usually like. For example, you really like Karla M. Nashar’s novel Love, Hate, Hocus-Pocus which discusses the lives of career women but wrapped in various interesting humor. Then apparently you also like novels that are funny and related to office stories like Resign! Belongs to Almira Bastari.

From there you can draw the conclusion that your favorite novels are novels in the metropop genre packed with humor. That way, don’t be surprised if you want to write a similar story or be inspired by what you’ve read.

Therefore, it is important for aspiring writers or reading lovers like you to know what types of novels exist. The following review will explain the types based on several aspects.

Types of Novels Based on Story Genre

1. Romance

This type of novel is a classic genre that has been loved by all people from ancient times to the present. As the name implies, romantic novels are novels that tell about love and affection. Both romance stories between men and women or affection for family and others.

Call it a legendary novel with a romantic genre of all time like Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet. Who does not know the legendary love story of the two. As one of the major works of literature, this romantic genre has taken on so much contribution in the world of novel writing from ancient times to the present.

Moreover, nowadays love stories have developed into various new stories that are popular with many readers. However, romantic or romance stories also do not mean that they are always beautiful and happy. There are many genres of romantic stories that end sadly and painfully which are considered part of romance and art itself.

This type of novel also began to develop according to the culture and anxiety that existed in society. Some romantic novels are sometimes presented with humor, lightness, or romance that is not too complicated. Generally, this type of romantic story is present in metropop and chicklit novels.

Several romantic novels such as The Architecture of Love by Ika Natassa, Pride Prejudice by Jane Austen, Rona Hidup Rona by Mia Arsjad, Surprise Me by Sophie Kinsella and many more.

2. Comedy

Novels with the comedy genre are novels written with stories that are full of humor or silliness or simple stories with a humorous writing style. This type of novel aims to make its readers enter into funny stories to make them laugh.

Most of the stories written in this genre have a relatively simple storyline, not too complicated and only focus on the main character’s anxiety. However, it should be understood that whether or not a novel is funny also depends on the sense of humor of each reader.

This is what sometimes makes comedy novels not so funny or interesting for some people. But if you manage to find a comedy novel that suits your taste, you might just burst out laughing every time you read it.

The types of humor offered in each comedy novel also vary. Just like romantic novels, comedy novels also have many colors and different types of writing.

Some comedy novels are the author’s sarcasm in criticizing a problem, which in the end is still entertaining and can convey the intent from the author’s point of view.

Some examples of works in this genre that you can read are Raditya Dika’s Kambing Jantan, Ernest Prakasa’s Ngenest, Singles: A Comedy of Love by Adhitya Mulya and many more.

3. Horror

This type of horror novel is a novel genre that is increasingly in demand. Stories written in horror novels usually tell about scary and sadistic stories or supernatural experiences.

If in films we can listen to horrific backsounds to add to the tension, in horror novels the writer will use details that relate to the five senses so that it seems as if the reader can feel the same tension.

This type of novel is also divided into two types, namely fictional stories that are made by the author, and based on true stories that have been experienced by the author or other people. Several horror novels are currently popular, such as Sara Wijayanto’s Wingit , Journal of Terror: Sweta Kartika’s Bead, CJ Tudor’s The Child Man and others.

4. Mystery

In this mystery novel genre, most of them have the same stories and problems about how to uncover a case or solve a mystery. In this type of novel, the writer tends to focus on one problem or mystery to be solved. However, several stories also provide several different series of cases in each chapter but still lead to the same common thread, which ultimately answers all the mysteries in the novel.

Because the essence of the story is to reveal a mystery, it is not surprising that most of the stories in this mystery novel are related to crime, murder, puzzles and sometimes are also associated with the mystical.

Like a horror novel, the writer is also able to create tension through various written details that are poured out in the novel. In order to trigger the reader’s adrenaline and make people more curious about the continuation of the mystery. It’s not uncommon for those who read it to guess how it ended, who the real killer was and so on.

Novels in this genre have long been popular abroad and then entered Indonesia. Currently there are many famous mystery novels of all time such as novels such as Silence of The Lambs by Thomas Harris, Shutter Island by Dennis Lehane, The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown, Dua Dini Hari by Chandra Bientang.

5. History

This type of historical novel is a novel whose story has a plot in the past or even historical or royal stories. In general, historical novels focus more on one prominent figure in their era. However, there are also stories that tell fictional stories that take place in ancient times. This story is also usually related to history, an event, or a historical place.

This type of novel also has its own charm for readers who like classic fiction stories such as old romances. With the background, writing style, diction and small details that the author of historical novels put into the novel, they are able to pull the reader back into the past. This is a value in itself that makes writing in historical novels more distinctive.

One of the talented writers whose books have managed to occupy the ranks of best sellers in this genre, namely Pramoedya Ananta Toer, with various historical and romance novels that are still warm in the hearts of his readers.

Historical novels have their own characteristics that are difficult to describe, when reading them we can feel a unique atmosphere. The author who writes his work in this genre seems to have experienced it or had contact with other people related to the story.

Several historical novels are interesting to read such as Pantai Girl by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori, Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak and many more.

6. Inspirational

As the name implies, this inspirational novel has a goal to motivate or inspire its readers. In this genre, inspirational novels also have types of fiction and non-fiction stories. Fictional stories in inspirational novels can be in the form of a series of stories that have many messages and build the motivation of the reader.

Novels such as Andrea Hirata’s Laskar Pelang, or Tere Liye’s novels can also be classified in this genre. Because it has a story of the main character that inspires and makes the reader moved to do the same good.

Non-fiction novels of this type are generally a series of stories of a public figure or a biography of someone who is considered to be able to inspire and bring good influence to the reader. Some examples of inspiring biographical novels are Merry Riana: A Million Dollar Dream, Buya Hamka, and also Kartini.

7. Religion

The next type of novel is based on the genre of the story, namely religious novels, or novels related to a religion. In this novel genre, there are many works that also have their own fans.

Some people prefer inspirational stories based on religion such as Islamic novels or spiritual novels. This novel genre generally tells a fictional story or a story based on the true story of a religious figure.

In addition, every storyline in this novel is also based on religious values, which can make the reader understand these values. There are several Islamic novels which are also still best sellers in Indonesia, some have even managed to be broadcast on the big screen such as Habiburrahman El Shirazy’s Ayat-Ayat Cinta, Ahmad Fuadi’s Negeri 5 Menara, Hamka’s Sinking of the Van Der Wijck Ship.

8. Sci-Fi

If we are usually attracted to the science fiction genre in films because of artificial sophistication, various out of the box visuals from high CGI results, then in a novel a piece of writing can also have the same power.

This type of novel is also much liked by novel readers today. Just like a film, this science fiction themed novel tells a fictional story related to technology, artificial intelligence and unlimited supernatural abilities.

When reading stories from these science fiction novels, you will feel the sophistication of technology from the various details written. What’s more, novels of this genre often make our knowledge about technology even wider.

Sci-fi stories are also very broad to continue to be developed, various popular stories about robots, time or dimension travel, space travel, monsters and aliens. Interested? Some science fiction novels that you must read as a science fiction lover are The Martian, Ender’s Game, Ready Player One and Contact.

9. Fan-Fic

Ever heard of the term Fan Fiction? This term has become wider since the emergence of the Korean Wave, but it does not mean that this genre is only about Korea, novels in this genre can be from any country such as Japan, China, and even America.

This fan fiction genre is a novel that tells a fictional story using real characters in the story. Real figures here are usually someone who is famous in real life such as celebrities, actors, actresses, singers and other public figures .

This novel is generally made by fans of the character, but often the nature and character of the character is made to suit the story created by the author. So sometimes some of these fanfic novels also have various genres such as horror, adventure, romance to comedy.

Types of Novels Based on Content

1. Teenlit

Teenlit is a novel that puts forward typical teenage stories aimed at teenagers themselves. So that his writing style and diction often use slang, or trending terms.

Most of these teenlit novels are stories of love, friendship and teenage anxieties that are considered related to today’s youth. In teenlit novels, the story characters also often use school characters or backgrounds. Some examples of popular teenlit novels are Me vs High Heels, Mariposa, Jingga dan Senja and High School Paradise.

2. Chicklit

If teenlit often uses high school characters in its stories, the stories in chicklit are on a more mature level and the conflicts are even more complicated. This chicklit novel also sometimes uses characterizations where the main character is already working, or in the world of lectures. The stories outlined in chicklit are also mostly about love stories, so this genre is also often a favorite among readers.

Examples of chicklit novels that you can read are Confession of Shopaholic by Sophie Kinsella, Bellamore and Ti Amo Tia Amoria by Karla M. Nashar.

3. Metropop

The metropop novel is a type of novel that on average tells about the journey of a career woman, the story of the metropolitan life of the capital, love. The metropolitan genre tends to tell about a main character in their mid-20s to late 40s, so it’s not surprising that several novels tend to address complex issues or concerns at that age.

Therefore, this metropolitan novel is more aimed at adults of working age and not school children. These metropo stories are also considered to be more realistic than real life. Several well-known metropop novels such as In a Blue Moon by Ilana Tan, Crash Into You by aliaZalea, Rapi Jali by Dee Lestari and Odd Even by Almira Bastari.

Find Your Favorite Type of Novel!

101 Days of Writing & Publishing Manual Novels for (Prospective) Writers

Types of Gymnastics – Knowing about the various types of gymnastics really needs to be adapted to the needs of Sinaumed’s’ body . Gymnastics is one of the various sports that use a variety of body movements. In gymnastic activities, it takes speed, strength, and harmony in physical movements.

Gymnastics can help a person to maintain fitness, increase strength, flexibility, and increase endurance. Not only that, if exercise is done regularly, it can make body proportions more ideal so that people can appear more confident.

Along with the development of an increasingly modern era, gymnastics has developed quite rapidly, namely the increasing number of various variations of gymnastics. Such as rhythmic gymnastics, aerobics, artistic, floor, Zumba, SKJ, acrobatics, sportsmanship, power tumbling, and trampoline.

The following is an explanation of the various types of complete exercises along with their benefits and also how to do them

Benefits of Gymnastics in General

Gymnastics basically has many benefits for humans, both in terms of physical health and also spiritual health. Doing exercise regularly can make Sinaumed’s get positive results such as:

1. Helps Strengthen the Body’s Immune

The benefits of gymnastics that Sinaumed’s can get are that the immune system can become stronger. Researchers from Pennsylvania State University conducted a study on groups of active and inactive women, along with the impact of exercise on the immune system of the study participants. The results of this study have been published in the journal Neuroendocrinology Letters.

Researchers observed one group exercising on a treadmill for 30 minutes, another group doing intense activity for 30 seconds, and the last group not exercising at all. As a result, the researchers got the result that gymnastics which is carried out in moderate intensity and regularly can increase certain antibodies in the blood known as immunoglobins.

Meanwhile, the group of women who did not exercise showed no increase in immune system function at all and cortisol levels in the body were much higher when compared to the active group. So it can be concluded that one of the benefits of gymnastics is that it can increase immunity.

2. Can Maintain Heart Health

Gymnastics is one of the activities recommended by the American Heart Association. In fact, gymnastics is highly recommended for people who are at risk of developing heart disease. The benefits of gymnastics can help to strengthen and help the performance of the heart. This can also make the blood pump optimally throughout the body.

Besides that, the benefits of exercise can also help keep blood vessels clean by increasing levels of good cholesterol or also known as HDL. Meanwhile, regular exercise can also reduce levels of bad cholesterol or LDL in the blood.

To get the benefits of this one exercise, Sinaumed’s is recommended to do gymnastics five times a week, with a duration of about 30 minutes in each session.

3. Weight is more maintained

Sinaumed’s must have known that exercise and proper diet are natural tips for losing and maintaining weight? Well, it’s the same as routinely doing this one activity. The benefits of exercise are that it can lose weight, and helps to maintain an ideal body weight.

However, this still depends on the amount of weight and speed of exercise that Sinaumed’s does. To lose weight, maybe Sinaumed’s needs to burn 400 to 600 times per day. So, there’s no need to hesitate to do this one sport, for those who are on a diet program, gymnastics is the right choice!

4. Helps Improve Mood

During the Covid – 19 pandemic, everyone would often feel in a bad mood , bored, anxious, and even stressed. Does Sinaumed’s agree? This is very reasonable, considering that Sinaumed’s spends more time only at home. The scope is becoming increasingly limited, yes. Well, the benefits of gymnastics can help overcome these feelings, you know .

Moving your body can elevate your mood and make you feel happier. This can be a benefit of exercise that is no less interesting, right? Doing high-intensity exercise will affect mood, even if it’s only done for a short duration. As we already know, exercise is also one way to get rid of stress.

5. Even Sleep Becomes Better

Trouble sleeping or also known as insomnia is a disorder that is often experienced by people nowadays. Even so, Sinaumed’s must deal with it immediately, otherwise insomnia can have a bad effect, one of which is that it can weaken the immune system, you know . There is also one way that can be done to overcome sleep disturbances, namely by regularly doing gymnastics.

Sinaumed’s can get the benefits of this exercise if it is done regularly, right ? According to a study conducted on a group of people who have chronic sleep problems, it reveals that regular exercise can be an effective alternative treatment for insomnia. So, the benefits of this exercise are no less important, you know .

Kinds of Gymnastics and How to Do It

Here are various types of complete exercise along with how to do it right, including:

1. Rhythmic Gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics is a type of gymnastics that is performed using free movements accompanied by rhythmic strains or music. This type of exercise can be done using aids or not. The basic movements in this exercise can be in the form of tapping, clapping, singing music, and so on. Movements in rhythmic gymnastics are usually in accordance with the song and seem like a dance and can be done individually (individually) or in groups.

Rhythmic gymnastics has various types of gymnastics, as follows:

• Rhythmic gymnastics using the tape apparatus.
• Rhythmic gymnastics using the ball apparatus.
• Rhythmic gymnastics using a rope apparatus.
• Rhythmic gymnastics uses a tool in the form of a hoop.
• Rhythmic gymnastics using the mace.

2. Aerobic Gymnastics

Aerobics is one of the types of gymnastics that combines various movements, namely active, creative and energetic movements. In practice, these gymnastic activities use music with a relatively fast rhythm or tempo. This type of exercise has the basic movement of the legs jumping – walking and moving actively to and fro in accordance with the rhythm being played.

Movement in aerobics can use a pattern or not use a pattern. Just like rhythmic gymnastics, this type of gymnastics is also accompanied by music that has rhythmic provisions, continuity, and a certain duration. One of the important things in aerobic exercise is breath regulation, namely the proper use of oxygen and carried out in the right way. The basic technique in aerobics is to do repetitive movements. The duration of aerobic exercise ranges from 20 to 30 minutes.

3. Artistic Gymnastics

Artistic gymnastics is a type of gymnastics that is usually in competitions. In artistic gymnastics the movements are arranged using each tool and have been determined in accordance with the applicable competition regulations.

There are several types of equipment used in artistic gymnastics, namely floors, saddle horses, jumping horses, bracelets, single bars, parallel bars, multilevel bars, and a balance beam with a predetermined size. Artistic gymnastics activities can be carried out alone or in a team and have their own rules and assessment criteria.

This artistic gymnastics is also a type of gymnastics that combines tumbling movement techniques with acrobatic gymnastic skills. Tumbling is a discipline in gymnastics where a gymnast performs a series of fast and explosive movements in a straight line.

4. Trampoline Gymnastics

Trampoline gymnastics is a type of gymnastics that almost resembles acrobatic gymnastics. The difference is that gymnasts in trampoline gymnastics will generally perform acrobatics on a trampoline. So that this type of exercise makes bouncing movements on the trampoline. Some types of movements that are generally performed when doing trempolin include simple jumps, folds, straddle positions, and somersaults. Trampoline exercises can train dexterity, courage, and leg muscle strength.

5. Acrobatic Gymnastics

Acrobatic gymnastics is a type of gymnastics that is performed by displaying various extreme movements such as doing spins above, somersaults, and various other movements that require flexibility and good balance. In carrying out acrobatic gymnastics, it is mandatory to carry out special exercises guided by reliable instructors who are already professionals in their fields.

The benefits that you will get if you routinely do acrobatic gymnastics are that it can make your body more flexible than before, improve your body balance, make your motor system stronger, and to train your mind because doing this acrobatic gymnastics requires great courage and readiness. That’s because the movements performed in acrobatic gymnastics can be said to be quite extreme.

6. Physical fitness gymnastics or SKJ

Physical fitness gymnastics or SKJ is a gymnastic activity in which the participants of this activity will perform various movements using musical accompaniment. As time goes by, now there are lots of SKJ communities who are actively doing this sport every few weeks. So that makes the existence of this physical fitness gymnastics increasingly exist, familiar, and also favored by people from all over the world, starting from school children to housewives.

7. Zumba Gymnastics

Zumba gymnastics is a type of exercise that has the function of burning calories effectively. This sport is a type of fitness exercise that can be adapted to the physical health conditions of each participant.

Zumba gymnastics has movements that match the rhythm of the music that accompanies it, and are also carried out for a certain duration. The movements of this Zumba exercise are carried out in order to train various body muscles and heart rate. In Zumba, the main focus is to train and increase the flexibility of the core muscles in the body, legs and buttocks. Zumba gymnastics is a sport that has aerobic properties.

Any sport that is performed for more than 4 minutes on a regular basis can be referred to as aerobic exercise, including swimming, running, cycling, and also Zumba gymnastics. Doing Zumba exercises with a duration of approximately one hour can burn around 360 to 532 calories. The steps are relatively simple, but Sinaumed’s will do more hip movements so that the whole body moves.

Variations in Zumba gymnastic movements are usually classified as resistance sports . Besides having the benefit of training the heart, Zumba exercises can also strengthen muscles.

8. Floor gymnastics

Floor gymnastics is a sports activity in which the method of movement and form of exercise is carried out according to its name, namely on the floor. In general, floor exercises are performed using a mat in the form of a mat. Types of floor exercises, namely candlesticks, head stands, hand stands , forward rolls , back rolls, neck springs , kayaks , and tiger jumps.

9. Power Tumbling

Power tumbling or also known as tumbling is a sport which is a development of trampoline training combined with speed and acrobatic abilities. The match of power tumbling can be done individually or in teams.

Unlike the usual trampoline exercises, power tumbling uses small trampolines that are arranged to form a straight track with a length of about 25 meters. The gymnast will do two sets, where each set shows eight skills. To do power tumbling properly and suitably, gymnasts must have good strength, coordination, body balance, and spatial awareness.

10. Rhythmic Gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics is a type of gymnastics that has a characteristic that is a combination of dance and ballet. The composition of this gymnastic movement is generally conveyed through the rhythm of music and also using several tools such as balls, ribbons, ropes, and maces.

Each – every movement in this type of rhythmic gymnastics can train flexibility, agility, dexterity, and also endurance for all members of the body. If Sinaumed’s is interested in this type of exercise, he should do the exercises regularly, because the movements require a high level of skill.

So many explanations about rhythmic gymnastics along with other types of gymnastics, hopefully it can help Sinaumed’s in understanding gymnastics and as an alternative to sports activities that can be done every day to stay healthy and fit.

Also read:

• Definition of Rhythmic Gymnastics: History, Tool Combinations
• Rhythmic Gymnastics: Definition, History, Benefits, Elements
• 8 Types of Floor Exercises Without Equipment
• Definition and Types of Floor Exercise
• The Benefits of Floor Exercises Along with the Rules and Tools
• Definition of Discus Throwing Sport: History, Technique
• The Definition of Athletics: History and Types of Branches

Hello Sinaumed’s friends, you are certainly not familiar with this one city, which is the capital of Indonesia. A magnificent city with tall buildings, dense population, and regular traffic jams. I will not discuss that here, but will review about the Betawi / DKI Jakarta Regional Song.

Indonesia is a country with very diverse tribes, nations and cultures, so it is given the title as a multicultural country. Jakarta, as the largest city in Indonesia, also has a number of cultural treasures including traditional Jakarta songs.

DKI Jakarta Province is located on the island of Java, the island with the largest population in Indonesia. As a general capital city, this province is home to all people in Indonesia.

Jakarta, a main area of ​​the center of Indonesian government, has many customs and cultures that have been passed down from generation to generation. Born and developed over centuries, Jakarta has grown with various ethnicities, races and religions.

All kinds of culture, both domestic and foreign, have certainly influenced the arts and culture of the city of Jakarta. One of them is music. Jakarta regional songs are also influenced by various music from other regions.

DKI Jakarta area is 7,659.02 km (295,716 sq mi), inhabited by various religions, ethnicities, languages, races and ethnicities. Therefore, in this province there are many cultures that interact with each other and bring their own characteristics.

Same with different tourist and culinary spots. However, in this article, sinaumedia will not discuss everything, because the article you are reading only focuses on Jakarta folk songs.

Jakarta Regional Anthem 

Betawi folk songs usually have some special elements, such as containing ancestral values ​​or advice delivered in rhymes that are witty and entertaining.

Apart from that, many of the Betawi folk songs, in which the lyrics are usually performed, can be changed according to the idea that the singer wants to convey. Even so, the tone and some of the lyrical lines were not changed to remain a feature of the song.

Here I collect Betawi songs or Jakarta regional songs that I have collected.

1. Ondel-Ondel

The song Ondel-Ondel may be very familiar to the ears of the Indonesian people, because this song is often played on television at various events. This song is often used as an accompaniment to one of the Betawi traditional arts, namely Ondel-Ondel.

Ondel-Ondel lyrics:

Nyok, let’s watch ondel-ondel

Nyok, let’s dance ondel-ondel

Ondel-ondel is his son

The child is crazy

Mom, Mr. Ondel-ondel ngibing

Ngarak bride circumcised

It’s fun to shake

Nyang ngibing igel-igelan

…

Plaque Gumbang Gumplak Plaque Plaque

The loud drum was slapped

The one who accompanied me

Pade cheers….

Hands prank prank

The head of the ondel-ondel child

Put the butts

Fire hair….

The ondel-ondel kids are on their feet

His head nyale flames

Which leads to confusion

Watered with sewage water….

Ondel-Ondel is a Betawi performing art that is often staged at folk festivals. In the show, Ondel-Ondel acts like an ancestor or ancestor who always takes care of his offspring.

The big Ondel-Ondel doll itself is about 2.5 meters high and about 80 centimeters in diameter. It is made of woven bamboo in a shape so that it is easy to carry from inside ondel-ondel.

Ondel-Ondel’s face is in the form of a mask or mask, decorated with head hair made from palm fiber. The face of the male ondel-ondel doll is usually painted red, while the female face is painted white.

2. Kemayoran Keroncong

One of the most famous Betawi cultural folk songs is Keroncong Kemayoran. It is not known who sung this song first or who composed it.

Keroncong Kemayoran lyrics have many versions, but they always have the same composition and melody. Even with a different version, this song is still characterized by the same lyrics, namely “…the sweet soul of the mother is loved”. 

Keroncong Kemayoran song lyrics:

The speed of the speed boat

Dear sweet soul

La la la la la la la la oo

Speed ​​up until you get to Surabaya

Pepes fish from Cianjur

Her pocket deflated her boyfriend ran away

La la la la la la la laa

Let’s forget cloth and clothes

Dear sweet soul

La la la la la la la la oo

Don’t forget my voice

Kedondong fruit on the edge of the river

The keroncong song is very melodious

La la la la la la la laa

The moon is bright at times

Dear sweet soul

La la la la la la la la oo

Crocodile appears crocodile appears presumed dead

Eat porridge in the morning

Lover ran away quickly looking for a replacement

La la la la la la la laa

Don’t believe the mouth of a man

Dear sweet soul

La la la la la la la la oo

Dare to swear dare to swear hi marry again

The pigeon flies high

Hear the voice of this person

La la la la la la la laa

Ani-ani instead of faces

Dear sweet soul

La la la la la la la la oo

For cutting to cut rice in the fields

From Malang to Surabaya

If you go home together

La la la la la la la laa

I sing on purpose

Dear sweet soul

La la la la la la la la oo

To comfort to comfort a wounded heart

Kedondong on the crate

This is Keroncong please stop

Kedondong on the crate

This is Keroncong please stop

The Keroncong Kemayoran folk song also has lyrics in the form of rhymes, in accordance with the form of Betawi culture, namely reciprocating rhymes. With a different character, this song seems to send a message to everyone to always be happy.

In life, everyone always faces various problems, experiences disasters or goes through difficult things. But in each of these problems, there will always be a way out. This song brings joy to everyone who listens and advises to always be generous and cheerful in facing any problems.

3. Chirping

Kicir-Kicir is also perhaps one of the most famous folk songs in Jakarta. The reason is, this song is often sung at various celebrations. One of them, every year this song is performed by the capital’s artists at the founding anniversary or birthday of the city of Jakarta on television.

Kicir-Kicir song lyrics:

Kicir Kicir is the song

Old song, sir, from Jakarta

I sing, sir, on purpose

To comfort the sorrowful heart

Dove pigeon

Fly fast, sir matchless

If we, sir, like to sing

be healthy, sir, be happy

Mangoes are delicious

Where else is the most famous lord

Who am I, sir, I work hard

definitely become a useful citizen

Regarding its origins, it can be said that the song Kicir-Kicir is rooted in the Indonesian pantun tradition, especially in Malay poetry and rhymes. This can be seen in the lyrics of this song which are connected by rhymes, the number of syllables and lines, as in rhymes and poetry.

Even today, Kicir-Kicir songs have developed into more modern versions and arrangements. For example, this song was arranged as group music, in various genres such as pop, jazz, etc. In fact, the original version of this song was sung to the accompaniment of the tanjidor orchestra.

4. Jali-Jali

Jali-Jali or also known as Si Jali-Jali is a Jakarta folk song which is quite well known among the Betawi people. According to its origins, this song is said to have been born and developed by Chinese descendants in Jakarta through their traditional music, namely Gambang Kromong.

Jali-Jali song lyrics:

This is the jali-jali

the song is good, the song is very melodious

this is the jali-jali

uh, dear dear

the song is very melodious

tired a little do not care dear

as long as you are, as long as you are happy at heart

walk the jasmine wheel, honey

cali cali wheel jasmine

cali cali alternately

dragon snake sprayed hose

(oh you’re Dutch)

uler kadut, uler kadut segene gini

(how big is it?) (neh!)

dragon squirt hose, miss, miss

snake head, snake snake as big as this

(like so big) (ah, you know what)

teased Jande doesn’t remember going home, honey

teased Jande doesn’t remember going home (why bro?)

until you forget about debt

from turkish to bojong lengkong, honey

from turkey to bojong lengkong

because the dustpan is a cukong

(ha ha.. can you stand it or not)

sacred what three steps?

(how do i know)

dear dear, kramat rubber, lots of mud

sacred what three steps?

eh dear dear, kramat is rubber, lots of mud

what kind of savings do you use dear,

day and night, day and night can’t sleep

jali-jali from cikini, honey

jali-jali from cikini

jali jali… until here

With his violin playing, the song Si Jali-Jali was popularized by Pak Sagi, the conductor of Kerontjong Pak Sagi in 1942. Because it was thick with Betawi cultural nuances, Jali-Jali was then made into a Betawi folk song.

Like most Jakarta regional songs that originate from Betawi culture, this Si Jali-Jali song also consists of verses mixed with upbeat music. So, in each stanza of the lyrics of this song, the first and second lines are just samples, while the third and fourth lines are the essence of the message.

5. Lenggang Kangkung

Lenggang Kangkung is one of the songs recorded as a regional DKI Jakarta song which was popularized by a singer from Jakarta, Lilis Suryani. From an early age, he began to immerse himself in the world of music. In fact, he received offers to perform at the State Palace and several other prestigious venues.

Lenggang Kangkung song lyrics:

Leggy kangkong

Kangkung from Cimanggis

Lenge leng kang kangkong

The kale is from Cimanggis

It’s the luckiest fate

Got a girlfriend without a mustache

It’s the luckiest fate

Got a girlfriend without a mustache

Sneaky sleigh kangkong

Kangkung from Jakarta

Sneaky sleigh kangkong

The kale is from Jakarta

It’s the most unlucky fate

Have a father likes to flirt

It’s the most unlucky fate

Have a father likes to flirt

Sneaky sleigh kangkong

Kale on the crate

Sneaky sleigh kangkong

The kale is on the crate

It’s bad luck

Have a grandmother who likes to play rope

It’s bad luck

Have a grandmother who likes to play rope

It is not known who actually wrote the song Lenggang Kangkung. That said, this song was created during the Dutch colonial period. With the theme of romance or social life in general, this song is like a less harmonious satire about family life.

The influence of Malay rhymes is very strong in these lyrics. The lyrics are very simple and easy to understand. Lenggang Kangkung means “don’t care” or “know nothing”. In love affairs, disengaging with your partner can lead to fights and disagreements. Lenggang kangkung refers to indifference or arbitrary actions.

6. Ronggeng Jakarta

Ronggeng is a traditional dance accompaniment instrument, in which dancers sing and exchange lyrics with each other. Ronggeng music is so famous and spread all over the country, even though this song is quite old.

In one of the Jakarta folk songs entitled Ronggeng Jakarta, he tells the life of a dancer who still captivates the audience, but is full of pain and torment.

Ronggeng Jakarta lyrics:

Destiny I can not deny

It is up to God Khalikul Bahri

Just my work all day

Arrange hymns in the heart

I sing you dance

I sound you happy

But you never feel

In singing the soul tormented

7. Yellow Betel

Sirih Kuning lyrics:

Otherwise, miss, because of the moon, honey

No stars, miss, no stars, miss

rising day

If not, miss, because sir, honey

Not us, miss, not us, miss

got here

Yellow betel, miss, the stem is green, miss

The white is yellow, yes miss, the white is yellow, yes miss

indeed sejodo

Ani-ani, miss, instead of waja, honey

Wear the child, yes lady, wear the child. yes miss

broken stem

We sing, ladies, on purpose, honey

The song is original, yes Miss, the song is original, Yes Miss

old heirloom

Yellow betel, miss, again ditampin, miss

We sing, yes lady, we sing, yes lady

please stop

The song “Sirih Kuning” is a popular Betawi folk song which is the regional anthem of DKI Jakarta. This song is often used as ngibing strains . Usually, if a dancer wraps a shawl for a guest, the guest is willing to dance together, which is called ngibing .

The song “Sirih Kuning” accompanies the dance scene together. In general, songs that become ngibing tension are called vegetable songs. Besides “Sirih Kuning”, there are songs “Keramat Karam”, “Pasar Malem”, “Peanut Beans” and other vegetable songs.

If we explore deeper, the lyrics of “Sirih Kuning” are rhyming lines, consisting of lines that coincide with the sound at the end of the line. This song tells about two lovers who are very close. Due to its upbeat vocals, this song is usually sung with a happy face and is sung in turns.

8. Twinkling

The next Jakarta folk song is titled Kelap-kelip, a song about waiting for someone waiting for their idol to come home. This song is about sadness with graceful, dynamic and sad music.

However, the last verse of the song expresses the male singer’s wish to separate, while also inserting a prayer that one day they will be reunited. These are the complete lyrics for the song Kelap-kelip for you:

The twinkling lights on the ship,

boat boy playing lifeboat,

Tears fall on the pillow,

Oops, what you’ve been waiting for hasn’t come back yet..

Pandan Island far in the middle,

behind Anglah Dua Island,

Destroyed body in the soil,

amboi, good manners remember anyway..

In the rain my clothes get wet,

stroll along the river,

Let us part now, dear,

next time see you again..

9. Surilang

The next folk song from Jakarta is titled Surilang. This song is intended to advise everyone, always draw closer to Allah SWT. This is clearly seen in each of the lyrics in the form of invitations, advice and calls for people to convert to Islam. This song is like telling people to carry out the orders to pray, fast during Ramadan, learn to forgive, pay the zakat for Hajj and remember to stay away from His prohibitions.

Surilang song lyrics:

Surilang jot-njotan (surilang jot-njotan),

There is a slow downpour (surilang jot-njotan),

The grace of the Lord of the worlds (surilang jot-njotan),

Oh dear dear,

Aren’t you beautiful, handsome, dear,

Isn’t gune beautiful, eh dear oh dear,

If you don’t like praying…

Surilang jot-njotan (surilang jot-njotan),

Eagle on the roadside (surilang jot-njotan),

When you get closer, you fly (surilang jot-njotan),

Oh dear dear,

Sie-sie fasting for a month ouch dear,

Sie-sie fasting for a month eh dear oh dear,

If you’re just talking about people…

This rhyme, sir, rhymes for advice,

Listen, miss, to live it,

If you are annoyed and annoyed (en annoyed eh annoyed),

I’m sorry (uh just let it be),

Pahalenye uh make kite yourself…

Surilang jot-njotan (surilang jot-njotan),

Pinch cake on a tray (surilang jot-njotan),

So healthy if eaten (surilang jot-njotan),

Oh dear dear,

No need to save money dear,

There’s no use for saving money eh dear oh dear,

If Zakat is not paid…

Surilang jot-njotan (surilang jot-njotan),

Please ati you do it (surilang jot-njotan),

It’s not a loss, I guarantee it (surilang jot-njotan),

Oh dear dear,

Naek haji intend oh my dear,

Naek aji we intend eh dear oh dear,

Hajj mabrur we wish…

10. The Bango

One of the most famous Betawi songs is Sang Bango, which uses a strong Betawi language with very deep characteristics. Even though the title is not well known, you will recognize the lyrics and rhythm.

Song lyrics Sang Bango:

Sang Bango eh Sang Bango,

Why are you delak delak,

Sang bango ngow eh sang bango,

Why are you delak delak,

Mengkennya aye aye delak delok,

The frog has a crusty crust…

Mengkennya aye aye delak delok,

The frog has a crusty crust…

The frog eh eh eh the frog,

why do you have a crust,

The frog eh eh eh the frog,

why are you crusty…

Mengkenye aye aye scraped off,

people uh pade snoring,

Mengkenye aye aye scraped off,

people are snoring…

Bang people uh uh uh bang people,

why are you snoring,

Bang people uh uh uh bang people,

Why are you snoring…

Mengkenye aye aye pade snoring,

The crusty frog,

Mengkenye aye aye pade snoring,

The frog, uh, scraped off….. stubborn…

The frog eh eh eh the frog,

why do you have a crust,

The frog eh eh eh the frog,

why are you crusty…

Mengkenye aye aye scraped off,

make music, horrific songs,

Mengkenye aye aye scraped off,

make music song hosrok….

Author: Ziaggi Fadhil Zahran

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Semarang Special Food Recommendations – Semarang is a culinary tourist destination that offers lots of delicious and popular Semarang specialties. Apart from culinary delights, Semarang also has many old Dutch heritage buildings that are still standing strong and showing the remnants of their splendor at that time in this historic city. Meanwhile, the city of Semarang is also rich in cultural diversity, because this city was once an important port city for international trade. Various tribes and cultures live in harmony in one environment and create a new cultural harmony.

We can see this from the culinary or typical food of Semarang which is mostly influenced by these cultures. Starting from light snacks such as spring rolls to heavy dishes such as chicken rice, Semarang has more or less been influenced by foreign cultures. That uniqueness is what makes many people interested in visiting and enjoying a vacation in Semarang. So, of all the popular Semarang specialties, here are some recommendations for Semarang specialties that you must try when you visit this city.

Semarang Typical Food Recommendations

As we know, every city in Indonesia has its own unique snacks. That is what makes Indonesia rich in culinary variety. Semarang specialties are no exception, there are lots of typical snacks in this city. It’s incomplete if you haven’t tried the various culinary delights when you visit Semarang. The Tourism City, which is nicknamed the Venetie van Java, does not only offer a variety of exciting and interesting tours. But it also offers lots of special foods that will make anyone feel at home for a long vacation in Semarang.

It’s no wonder that in 2015, Semarang was named one of the leading culinary tourism spots by the Ministry of Tourism. Various kinds of food ranging from chicken, meat, fish, and also birds with a distinctive taste can be easily found in every corner of the city of Semarang. In fact, some of them are culinary legends that have existed since the 1940s. Intrigued by typical Semarang food that must be tried? Let’s see the full explanation below:

1. Spring rolls

Lumpia is one of the most popular culinary delights and is a hallmark of the city of Semarang. To the extent that there are those who give the nickname of Semarang City as Lumpia City. The typical food of Semarang, spring rolls, is indeed very famous as a Semarang food that must be tried when visiting Semarang, just like Bakpia Jogja when you visit Jogja. The history of spring rolls itself began with the creations of someone from China, namely Tjoa Thay Yoe who lived in Semarang and made spring rolls with local flavors.

The Semarang spring roll recipe is also slightly different from the original Chinese dish, Lun Pia, because it uses bamboo shoots as a filling. Apart from being filled with bamboo shoots, sometimes it is also filled with chicken or shrimp. So that the spring rolls will be very delicious if eaten with chili sauce. There are lots of places you can visit to enjoy spring rolls. But the most famous are Lumpia Pandanaran and also Lumpia Gang Lombok. For one serving of spring rolls, you can enjoy prices starting from Rp. 7,000.00 to Rp. 17,000.00 per piece.

2. Lapis legit

Semarang, which used to be the center of the Dutch government, has absorbed quite a lot of European culture and we can see this from its Legit Lapis Cake. Lapis Legit or what is also called Spekuk is inspired by European layer cakes with the addition of various spices and also aromatic so it tastes sweet. The lapis legit recipe is not much different from other lapis cakes. It’s just that, in the dough you will be given additional cardamom and other spices. The finished dough will then be put into the tin gradually. So that later the layers will have a minimum of 18 layers and stack up neatly.

You can enjoy the sweet and aromatic taste of the lapis legit spice at the Lapis Legit Anggrek cake shop Jl. Majapahit Semarang. The price for one box of lapis legit cake is quite varied. Starting from IDR 25,000.00 to IDR 50,000.00 depending on the taste and size of the box.

3. Wingko Tripe

Apart from snacks such as lumpia or lapis legit, Semarang is also famous for one of its snacks called Wingko Babat Semarang. Wingko Tripe is generally sold in the station area, terminals, cake shops and souvenir shops typical of Semarang. This traditional cake is made from grated young coconut, glutinous rice flour, and sugar in a round shape. The savory taste that comes from coconut and the sweetness from toasted palm sugar is perfect to enjoy while drinking coffee or tea. You can buy Wingko Tripe at the souvenir center on Jl. Pandanaran which sells the famous Wingko Tripe brand. The unit price is relatively cheap, which is around IDR 2,000.00 per pack or IDR 26,000.00 for 20.

4. Milkfish Presto

Semarang is also famous as a coastal city. So many foods use fish as the main ingredient, such as presto milkfish. Milkfish presto Semarang first appeared thanks to Hanna Budimulya in 1977 and became one of Semarang’s specialties. This method of cooking using the presto technique will make the small thorns in the milkfish meat soft. In addition, the milkfish meat will also become softer. So it will be very delicious to eat together with warm rice and also chili sauce. One place that is quite famous for enjoying and buying presto milkfish is Bandeng Presto Juwana Elrina which is on Jl. Pandanaran. You can get a box of five Bandeng Presto for Rp. 40,000.

5. Tofu Dreadlocks

Apart from snacks and cakes, Semarang also has special foods that can fill you up, such as Tahu Gimbal. The name dreadlocks comes from the addition of flour dough and shrimp which appear to be piled up and are included in the dish. This typical Semarang food also uses raw cabbage, bean sprouts, rice cake, eggs, and others as a complement besides fried tofu and dreadlocks. With a splash of watery peanut sauce and a mixture of shrimp paste seasoning, the delicious taste of Tofu Gimbal will taste perfect.

Know Gimbal Semarang which is quite popular is Warung Tahu Gimbal Pak Man which is located on Jl. Plampitan Semarang. In addition, usually this one food is often seen around Semarang tourist attractions. If you want to enjoy tofu dreadlocks, then just prepare Rp. 8,000 to Rp. 12,000 per portion.

6. Tofu Pong

Semarang is also very famous for dishes made from delicious tofu, one of which is quite popular is Tahu Pong or Tahu Kopong. As the name implies, in the middle of this tofu is empty and hollow. So it gives a unique sensation when you eat it with soy sauce. Generally, tofu pong is inseparable from dreadlocks and ordinary fried tofu, complete with a dipping sauce of soy sauce and the typical paste seasoning. The savory taste of tofu that is still warm will taste even more delicious when combined with the sweet spicy taste of the soy sauce sauce. One of the recommended places that you can visit to try Tahu Pong is located on Jl. Gajahmada to be precise in Tahu Pong Gajahmada Semarang. One tofu pong is usually priced at IDR 500.00 per fruit and IDR 5,000.00 for a plate of tofu with the sauce.

7. Tofu Petis

Tahu Petis is included in one of Semarang’s typical snacks which also uses tofu as the main ingredient. The thing that distinguishes this tofu from other processed tofu is the use of petis sauce made from shrimp which is thick and odorless. Sambal petis using a special blend of spices. So that it gives a sweet, salty and slightly spicy taste when you eat it with the tofu. This petis tofu will taste even more delicious together with fresh cayenne pepper to give a spicy taste that makes anyone addicted.

You can enjoy Tahu Petis at the Tahu Petis Prasojo stall which is located near Simpang Lima Semarang. Petis Tahu is also an inexpensive dish. You can enjoy this food menu at a price of Rp. 5,000 per portion.

8. Soto Semarang

Semarang also has its own version of soto which is different from soto in other regions. This typical Semarang Soto is named Soto Semarang. The local community also calls this soto as Soto Angkring because initially this soto became one of the mainstay menus at the angkringan. This Soto Semarang has a clearer, brownish broth compared to Soto Kudus. Apart from that, stuffing such as vermicelli, fried shallots, tomatoes, bean sprouts, and also cakes are the hallmark of Soto Semarang. There are lots of places that are quite popular for you to enjoy Soto Semarang, such as Soto Pak No, Soto Pak Man, and also Soto Bangkong. On average, Soto Semarang costs around Rp. 8,000 to Rp. 12,000 per portion.

9. Tripe Gongso

Babat Gongso is one of the legendary and famous foods from Semarang for a long time. This dish uses tripe or beef stomach as the main ingredient by sautéing it or what is known in Semarang as Gongso. The way to make tripe gongso starts with cutting the boiled tripe into small pieces and then sautéing it with the gongso seasoning. Don’t forget to add soy sauce, mushroom broth, and brown sugar and chili until it tastes just right. One place that is quite famous for its delicious Tripe Gongso, namely Tripe Gongso Pak Karmin, which is on Jl. Youth. Generally, a portion of Tripe Gongso is sold at prices starting at Rp. 20,000 to Rp. 35,000 depending on the portion size.

10. Semarang Chicken Rice

Maybe Chicken Rice is familiar to you and you have enjoyed it. But this Semarang Chicken Rice is different from chicken rice in general. The most striking difference from Nasi Ayam Semarang lies in the yellow opor sauce used to drizzle the rice and also the side dishes. Semarang Chicken Rice is generally served with shredded chicken, krecek, satay usu, urap, and other vegetables. The savory taste that comes from the coconut milk sauce and also a mixture of various kinds of side dishes makes this Semarang Chicken Rice a booster for your stomach when you are hungry. You can find this one dish easily around Semarang. But the most famous is Nasi Ayam Bu Wido. The price is quite affordable, which is around Rp. 10,000 to Rp. 15,000 per one portion.

11. Xylophone Bread

Roti Gambang or more commonly known as Roti Ganjel Rel turns out to have quite a long history in Semarang. The original recipe for Roti Gambang originates from the Netherlands and was a breakfast menu for the Dutch at that time. This gambang bread is called ganjel rails because of its shape which is almost the same as rail sleepers and its dense texture. Apart from its shape, what makes this bread feel special is that the sweet aroma of cinnamon that wafts from this bread can arouse anyone’s taste. You can buy this gambang bread at various bakeries or souvenir shops in Semarang. The price itself is quite varied, starting from Rp. 12,000 to Rp. 50,000 per box.

12. Warehouse

Gudangan is one of Semarang’s specialties, much loved by Semarang residents. This dish consisting of various kinds of vegetables is similar to urap because it uses grated coconut as a side dish for the vegetables. The difference with urap is in the vegetables used and the method of processing the sambal Gudangan or grated coconut. The vegetables used are usually cabbage, spinach, carrots, long beans, and other vegetables with grated coconut cooked with special spices. The warehouse is usually there at a celebration or thanksgiving event. But many have been offered in restaurants and made it a mainstay menu. One portion of Gudangan is usually priced at Rp. 6,000 to Rp. 10,000.

13. Wedang Tahu

It turns out that processed tofu can not only be used as food, there is also Semarang’s Wedang Tahu which is very delicious to drink when the weather is cold. As the name suggests, this drink is made from soybean juice and then poured with wedang sauce made from ginger. How to make Wedang Tahu begins with making beancurd from soybean juice, then cooking it together with agar-agar, sugar and salt. After it’s cooked and cooled, the beancurd is doused with ginger filter sauce, brown sugar, cinnamon, pandan leaves, and more. One of the most popular places to enjoy Wedang Tahu is on Jl. Setia Budi, precisely at Wedang Tahu Pak Adi. One portion of tofu wedang is usually priced at Rp. 6,000.

14. Mochi Cake

Mochi is a traditional cake typical of Semarang which comes from absorption from Japan and China with a taste that is almost similar to Japanese mochi. The only difference lies in the smaller size and the mochi filling that uses peanuts. In addition, the texture is also more chewy and also denser which is another difference between Semarang mochi and Japanese mochi. The main ingredient of this mochi is glutinous rice flour dough which is shaped round and filled with peanuts, then covered with sesame seeds. The most famous place to enjoy Semarang’s special food is on Jl. RA. Kartini to be exact at Moaci Gemini Semarang. For the price of one box around Rp. 20,000 to Rp. 60,000 depending on the amount and taste.

This is an explanation of some recommendations for typical Semarang food that you must try. Of the several recommendations mentioned above, which one do you most want to try?

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Makassar Special Food – Makassar is a tourist destination that is quite popular among tourists with its iconic tourist destination, namely Losari Beach. Apart from Losari Beach, there are still many interesting tourist destinations that are ready to spoil your eyes such as Trans Studio Makassar, Fort Makassar, Samalona Island, and so on. The location of the city of Makassar itself is on the coast of Sulawesi Island and this is the main attraction for this city. Apart from presenting attractive tourist destinations, a visit to Makassar feels incomplete if you don’t sample the local culinary delights, which are known for their delicious and unique tastes.

In fact, it’s so delicious, there are not a few typical Makassar foods that are currently being sold outside Makassar City, such as Coto Makassar and also Es Pisang Ijo. For those of you who are interested in trying Makassar specialties, here are some lists of Makassar specialties that you can try while visiting this city.

Makassar Typical Food Recommendations that You Must Try

Of the many choices of typical Makassar food, you must try some of the foods below. Starting from the taste of salty, spicy, sour, to give a fresh sensation when eating it. What are you curious about? Let’s see the full explanation below.

1. Coto Makassar

Who hasn’t tried this culinary? It needs to be understood, this culinary is not only popular in its place of origin, but can also be found outside Sulawesi. Some are sold at roadside stalls and some are sold at specialty restaurants serving Coto Makassar dishes.

Visiting Makassar isn’t complete if you don’t try this culinary experience in its native region. Coto Makassar is a soupy dish made from meat and beef innards seasoned with a variety of spices. That said, it takes about 40 types of spices to spice up this one dish. This spice is often known as rampah patang pulo. Pieces of beef combined with a thick and tasty gravy and a sprinkling of green onions will certainly give a delicacy sensation that really spoils anyone’s tongue.

In Makassar, it is not difficult to find a restaurant that offers this Makassar specialty. One of the most popular places to enjoy the Coto Makassar menu is Coto Nusantara. The taste of Coto Makassar at this restaurant is considered very authentic and friendly to the tongues of various circles. So that it is always crowded with customers. You can come there anytime because this restaurant is open every day, from 06.30 to 18.00 WITA.

2. Konro soup

Apart from Coto Makassar, there is one more savory soup dish that is included in Makassar’s special food dish, namely Sop Konro. This is a typical Makassar food with a dark color because it uses kluwek spices like those used for Rawon typical of East Java. The basic ingredients for this konro soup are beef and beef ribs which are boiled together with tamarind water, cinnamon, and also various spices. As a result, this food will offer a very rich taste. If you are interested in tasting this culinary delight, then you can go to the Konro Karebosi restaurant. This place is already popular in the city of Makassar, even among politicians and celebrities. With this popularity, you have to be prepared to stand in line if you want to enjoy serving konro soup at this restaurant. This place is open every day from 10 am to 10 pm WITA.

3. Pallubas

If you don’t like the taste of Coto Makassar which uses ketupat because you are used to eating rice, then you can try enjoying the typical Makassar Pallubasa dish. This one dish is indeed very similar to Coto Makassar. The basic ingredients themselves are beef or buffalo offal. Where the material is cooked for quite a long time with various spices. Pallubasa is generally served with white rice. Even though the characteristics of this Makassar special food in terms of appearance are almost the same as other Makassar special soup dishes, Pallubasa is very different. This dish has a thicker sauce with a brownish color.

This one food will usually be mixed with egg yolks and serundeng. So, free-range chicken egg yolks will be added to the soup when it’s served. So that it will mix cooked in the hot soup. Pallubasa itself could only be enjoyed by royalty. However, now anyone can and can enjoy this dish. In Makassar itself, there are many places to eat that provide Pallubasa menus with delicious flavors. One of those places is Pallubasa Wolf. This place is open every day from 9 am to 8 pm WITA.

4. Pallumara

If you don’t like beef or buffalo meat, this Pallumara is a dish worth considering. This typical Makassar food is made from basic fish ingredients, namely red snapper, tuna, milkfish, and also common snapper. This menu is in the form of yellow soup. The yellow color itself comes from the spices that use turmeric. The other spices used for this food menu are shallots, garlic, tamarind, ginger, chilies, and also lime leaves.

The way to make Pallumara is also quite simple, namely the fish is covered with spices first, then cooked with spices that have been sautéed until fragrant. The taste of this dish is almost the same as sweet and sour fish. Apart from using red snapper, the type of fish that is often used is cob or milkfish. This pallumara will usually be served with a companion in the form of white rice. The place that serves this Pallumara menu is the Ulu Juku Restaurant. Apart from providing this food menu, this restaurant also provides a variety of other Makassar specialties.

5. Barongko

If you are looking for typical Makassar appetizers in the form of snacks, try eating this one. Makassar itself has unique and delicious types of food, one of which is barongko. This cake wrapped in banana leaves is made from bananas. For making barongko itself, namely bananas will be mashed, then mixed with coconut milk, sugar, eggs, and salt. The mixture will then be wrapped in banana leaves and steamed until cooked. This barongko is a sweet snack that is suitable as a friend for tea. To enjoy this one snack, you can get it at Mama Cake and Ice Cream Shop. This shop is open every day from 8 am to 8 pm WITA.

6. Banana Epe

Are you a fan of bananas? If so, then you have to try this culinary after trying barongko. Pisang Epe is a typical Makassar food made from kepok bananas. To make this food, kepok bananas are used, which are still ripe. The bananas will then be burned using hot coals until fragrant. After that, the banana will be split and pressed until it is flat and then burned again. Then after it’s cooked, add a topping of a mixture of pandan leaf water, salt, and brown sugar. As a result, you can enjoy a snack with a very special taste.

What’s more, some epe bananas are sometimes served with durian toppings. Banana epe is perfect to enjoy in the afternoon while relaxing. You can easily get this food along Losari Beach. Even though many traders sell EPE bananas, the flavors offered are almost as delicious. The traders will sell their wares from 4 pm to 12 pm WITA.

7. Ice Palu Butung

After you’ve had your fill of trying various kinds of culinary delights and delicious Makassar snacks, don’t forget to try a typical Makassar dessert in the form of mixed ice known as Es Palu Butung. This mixed ice offers a sweet taste with a composition of steamed bananas added with coconut milk and milk. Its refreshing taste with the addition of ice makes it very suitable to be enjoyed during the day to quench thirst. The basic ingredients of this mixed ice are ripe kepok bananas. The bananas are steamed and then cut into pieces. For presentation, bananas are arranged on a bowl and then added with vla from rice flour and added milk and syrup. One of the most favorite places to enjoy this hammer ice is at RM Bravo. This restaurant is open every day from 9 am to 9 pm WITA.

8. Green Banana Ice

Pisang Ijo Ice is a typical Makassar mixed ice that is well known throughout Indonesia. The taste is very delicious and also the unique shape makes this food taste very delicious and refreshing. Es Pisang Ijo is made from ripe kepok bananas or plantains. The bananas are wrapped in green flour dough from rice flour and also suji leaf water to give the impression of banana skin.

Bananas that have been covered with dough can then be steamed until cooked. In its presentation, green bananas are served with rice flour vla, syrup and milk. The best place to eat green banana ice is at RM Bravo. This restaurant provides a variety of delicious Makassar culinary delights. Apart from RM Bravo, other places that are also popular for serving green banana ice are the Muda Mudi Restaurant on Jalan Deer and green banana ice in La Galigo.

9. Gogoso

Are you a fan of foreign eggs? If so, you must try this typical Makassar food. Makassar also has unique special food accompanied by salted eggs. This one dish is called gogoso, which we can usually find during Eid. Gogoso is a snack made of glutinous rice wrapped in banana leaves and then grilled. The sticky taste of sticky rice with a combination of savory salted eggs will make your tongue shake. Even though this dish is often found during Eid, you can still taste it if you visit Mama Cake and Ice Cream Shop. This cake shop is known for its delicious and delicious Makassar specialties.

10. Juku Pallu Ce’La

For those of you who like various dishes made from fish, then Juku Pallu Ce’La is a must try. This dish is made from skipjack tuna. Apart from cakalang, other types of fish that are often used are flying fish, tembang, sponge cake, and sibula’. This one food is cooked with simple spices, namely salt and turmeric. What’s interesting about this food is the unique cooking method, so it feels special when you enjoy it.

Pallu Ce’La fish actually means fish cooked with a salty taste. This dish can be stored for several days. Juku Pallu Ce’La will really enjoy when served with racak taipa or chopped mango with warm rice. For the manufacturing process, the fish must be cleaned first, then cooked with turmeric and salt that has been mashed. The cooking process itself should use firewood.

After that, the fish that has been mixed with turmeric and salt is cooked until the juice is completely absorbed until the aroma of turmeric and the taste of salt are evenly distributed throughout the body of the fish. If you are curious about the taste of this food, you can enjoy it at the Apong Seafood Restaurant. The food stall is open almost every day from 11 am to 9 pm WITA.

11. Palekko Makassar duck

If you are looking for Makassar specialties made from duck, then try Bebek Palekko. This is a typical Bugis dish made from chopped duck meat. The taste of this dish has been prepared in such a way that the connoisseurs feel the spiciness. Even though it’s spicy, you are guaranteed to continue to enjoy it until nothing is left.

The spices used for this dish are chili, tamarind water, shallots, garlic, lemon grass, galangal, ginger, pepper, salam, lime leaves, turmeric, salt and sugar. The spices are mashed and then sautéed. When the spices are fragrant, the pieces of duck meat can be added and cooked until the spices are completely absorbed. So, if you are curious about this culinary taste, you can try it at Palekko Makassar. This restaurant is open every day from 9 am to 10 pm WITA.

12. Typical Bugis Burasa

It can be said that this food is a typical Makassar rice cake. This typical South Sulawesi food is made from cooked rice wrapped in young banana leaves. This dish has a mild taste and is usually served with a sprinkling of seasonings from desiccated coconut, chilies, salt and sugar. Actually, it is not difficult to find this culinary delight because it is sold in many cake vendors and traditional markets. You can also try it at Bakso 33 Makassar at a fairly affordable price.

13. Singkolo Bagadang

Singkolo bagadang is a typical Makassar food made from black sticky rice served with grated roasted coconut or serundeng as a topping. This food can also be added with eggs, salted fish, and yellow chili sauce. As a result, this dish is sure to be very appetizing. Songkolo bagadang is generally used in various Sulawesi traditional events. However, to be able to enjoy it, you don’t have to take part in the traditional event. You can try it at Songkolo Bagadang Restaurant Alhamdulillah. Uniquely, the restaurant is open every day for 24 hours.

Those are some recommendations for typical Makassar food that you can try.

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For those of you high school or vocational graduates who want to continue your studies at public universities, of course you are still confused about which majors are suitable for you. High school or vocational graduates, especially from the right social studies major, can help you get a good career in the future.

While many people are competing to get into college with their favorite study program, you don’t need to worry if you feel confused about choosing which study program is right for you. There are lots of study programs in tertiary institutions that actually provide pretty good career paths.

You can try to determine the course majors for Social Sciences which of course are always good college majors and can support your career in the future. Well, what are they? Come on, get to know the college majors for IPS that you need to try!

1. Communication Science Study Program

Communication majors, of course, are familiar to the public and often heard of. Certainly, it’s not surprising that the communication sciences major is one of the study majors for Social Sciences that is most in demand at the 2021 SBMPTN with a total number of applicants ranging from more than 3,000 prospective students.

In general, communication science or abbreviated as science and communication will study a number of subjects related to the fields of journalism, advertising, marketing communication, and also public relations. And there are many others that cannot be mentioned one by one. For example, if you become a student at Padjadjaran University, you will study several subjects, including:

– Mass communication and media.
– Social Statistics
– Critical Media Studies
– Communication Psychology
– Public speaking
– Social marketing communications
– Social network analysis
– And so on.

2. Majoring in Management

Actually, this management major doesn’t only exist in the economics field, you know? Where, there are several management majors that you can study more deeply, such as education management, marketing management, banking management, hospitality management, and tourism management.

The management majors that you will study later will definitely be adjusted to the specialist field you are taking. For example, if you study in Education Management there are several courses that you will get, including:

– Learner management
– ​​Education policy
– ​​Educational psychology
– Educational planning
– Educational public relations

Graduates from this management major are in great demand in the world of work. So, it’s no wonder that majoring in social studies can guarantee your future.

3. International Relations Study Program

If you have a connection with international issues, then it is very suitable and suitable if you are trying to enter the International Relations department. In general, the course will further encourage you to dive deeper into learning about something new objectively. Then, what courses are majoring in international relations?

So, for example, the international relations department at the University of Riau has an academic curriculum with courses, including:

– Theory of diplomacy
– International organizations
– Humanitarian Law
– International security studies
– Regionalism and Globalism
– International Communication
– Global Migration

4. Law Study Program or Legal Studies

For those of you who often watch Korean law dramas, then you are interested in majoring in law. Of course, the study program for Social Sciences is quite familiar with other Social Sciences majors. So, what can you get when you study or study law. For example, law courses at Brawijaya University consist of:

– State law
– Law and human rights
– Customary law
– Labor law
– International law
– Legislation
– Environmental law

In more detail, there are also elective courses that you can choose from. Like the concentration on family law, there are several derivative courses, for example marriage law, customary inheritance law, BW inheritance law, comparative civil law, and contemporary civil law.

5. Psychology Study Program

For those of you who like to listen to friends vent, then you respond by giving suggestions or advice. Well, maybe you are suitable to improve your listening skills in psychology. Why so? Because you have seeds of empathy that psychology children generally have. However, you also need to know that psychology majors at certain universities. This is because the psychology department at each university is determined based on the family. For example, Padjadjaran University is included in the science and technology family, and Diponegoro University is included in the social and human affairs family.

This course in the psychology department has a close relationship with human behavior patterns or habits that have an impact on the person’s mental health, for example:

– Clinical psychology
– Personality psychology
– Child development psychology
– Cultural psychology
– Barriers to child and youth development
– ​​Coaching and mentoring
– Consumer psychology

6. Majoring in Accounting

Money… money… and money… that’s more or less about accounting majors. Where, all forms of financial transactions, credit debit, profit and loss, will be discussed in the course for this social studies. In addition, it is included in the college majors for IPS which are of great interest to many people. This accounting major studies the economic realm, for example business and also taxation. Then, what are the courses in the accounting department? As an illustration, the accounting study program from the Jakarta state university studies subjects, including the following:

– Business communications
– International financial management
– ​​Cost accounting
– Government accounting

– Economic and business mathematics
– Banks and other financial institutions
– Public accounting audits

7. Criminology Study Program

For those of you who have heard of the Criminology major. For those of you who follow serials or watch films with the theme of murder mysteries that show scans of crime scene investigations. The incident you are watching is included in the realm of the criminology department. So you must try the criminology major. Where, this department is included in the college majors for IPS.

8. Department of Sociology

The sociology major is a major that is very familiar to some people. That day was because the Sociology Department was a college major whose subjects had been studied while still in school. When I’m in college later, the discussion of material and the scope of sociological knowledge will be reviewed in more depth. For example, in the sociology department at Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta, you will learn about several subjects such as:

– Sociology of gender
– Sociology of health
– Sociology of fashion
– Sociology of market and consumption
– Analysis of crime and corruption
– Urban and regional studies
– Critical and postmodern sociology theory.

9. Major in Political Science

For those of you who like to follow political news and other matters related to politics, it’s really mandatory to try to major in political science. Broadly speaking, the political science department studies the dynamics of the political world both from within and from abroad. With the hope that after graduating from the political science department you can become a human being who is empowered for yourself and those around you by applying the knowledge you have learned in college. Talking about the knowledge that you learn in one of the social and human affairs departments, you can take an example from Political Science at Jenderal Soedirman University. the political science department at Jenderal Soedirman University has courses consisting of:

– Indonesian political thought
– Social movement theory
– Military and politics in developing countries
– Introduction to the study of democracy
– Public policy

10. Department of State Administration, Fiscal, and Business

If you want to continue your studies in administration, then you need to pay close attention to the differences in the specialist fields. because there is not only one administrative science major. For example, in the Faculty of Administrative Sciences, University of Indonesia, there are three majors available, such as State Administration, Fiscal Administration, and Business Administration . Another example is from Brawijaya University which has two administrative science majors available, namely business or commerce administration and state or public administration.

11. Archeology Major

Next there is a college major for social studies called the archeology department. This department studies human culture in the past and present, through a study based on data and also relics found. If you major in archeology, you will study and also analyze ancient relics. For those of you who like history subjects, of course the courses taught in the archeology department will be very enjoyable.

If you have graduated from the archeology department, you can be involved in various fields of work related to the archeology department, for example being a researcher, academic, or even working in a museum. In addition, you can have the opportunity to join research on an international scale.

12. Department of History

Next is history. It is possible for people who do not understand about this department to think that history will only study the past or history. And the job prospects are only to be a historian. even though in this history department you will study history from various aspects ranging from political economy, geography, culture, military, and also maritime.

The job prospects of historical graduates are also very broad and varied, ranging from researchers, writers, diplomats and other fields that are still related to history. So if you want to major in history for college, then you will get knowledge from many things more broadly. You can even share information about future job prospects with people who are experts in history.

13. Actuarial Department

The course for IPS that you can take is the actuarial study program. actuarial major is a field of science that applies mathematical methods with statistical knowledge that aims to analyze and minimize the occurrence of risks that may occur in the world of insurance and finance.

Today’s actuarial study program is still considered a study program that is still new in Indonesia, but you don’t need to worry about future job prospects. This is because the field of actuarial science is also one of the most needed and often sought after by many large companies.

14. Major in Creative Economy

Another major for IPS is the creative economy study program. Social Studies majors still have a few enthusiasts because maybe some people are not familiar with this study program. It is even considered uncool compared to other majors. However, it seems that the creative economics study program provides a very promising career path for your future.

Currently, the creative economy is one of the most impactful things to be able to support micro-economy in a region. If you are majoring in the creative economy, then you can develop a creative economy in an area so that it can help the country’s economic development in Indonesia.

15. Major in Digital Business

The course for IPS that you need to try next is the digital business study program. This one major may still be relatively new so not many people know about it and are not even interested in entering this major. even though the digital business major is one of the majors that is starting to develop and is quite much needed by companies.

16. Department of Social Welfare

The social welfare major is a study program that studies and develops ideas and methods to improve people’s quality of life. After graduating from the Social Welfare major you can become a corporate social responsibility officer, social services and communications manager or work in a social industry.

17. Visual Communication Design Study Program

Visual Communication Design or abbreviated as DKV is a major for social studies that is highly recommended and in great demand by people. Because this one major is a new department and offers very interesting material. DKV learns about the process of communicating through the works of art and designs it makes.

Not only learning about that, you will also learn about computers. So it is very suitable for those of you who are happy with information and communication technology subject matter during school. The job prospects after graduating from the visual communication design department or DKV are to become graphic designers, animators, designers for commercial products and other related matters.

18. Broadcasting Major

For those of you social studies graduates who had good communication or public speaking skills during school, it is very suitable to enter the broadcasting department. The broadcasting study program is a study program that is quite familiar. Usually broadcasting majors are often referred to as broadcasting majors. This one major is a branch of communication science which is also an ideal major for IPS graduates.

During college you will learn about how to create an idea and package it in such a way that the program you display attracts people. If the program is considered interesting, it will be produced and broadcast to the public. Job prospects when you graduate from this department are that you can work as a director, presenter, and also a newscaster.

19. Department of Fashion

The next most interesting choice of social studies major is the fashion design department, which in a number of universities is called the fashion design department. Because during college you will be familiar with the activity of making fashion designs.

Students from this fashion study program will later learn about the clothing production process, the fashion design process, learn how to make clothing patterns, learn how to sew, and also get to know all about fabrics. Your job prospects after graduation, namely that you can pursue the profession as a designer and also become a fashion designer for artists.

So, those are some college majors for IPS. Hopefully the majors discussed above can be a recommendation that you can try when you are confused about choosing a college major.

Why does inflation happen? Terms that are familiar in the field of economics are often discussed. Apart from being frequently discussed, it turns out that the occurrence of inflation is also not a rare thing anymore.

Countries whose growth is developing often experience inflation. However, because of the different types of inflation is often invisible. Then, why does inflation occur?

This article will discuss the 10 reasons why inflation can occur. Before we get there, let’s first understand what inflation is and the types of inflation.

Definition of Inflation

A condition can be said to be inflation if under these conditions the price will rise continuously. Inflation can also occur when the amount of money circulating in society is more than what is needed.

Inflation is an economic phenomenon that cannot be eliminated completely. Efforts that can be made to deal with inflation is only by controlling or controlling it.

Inflation is an economic condition in a country. Where there is a tendency towards rising prices for services and goods in general. It happens in a long time or  continue . Such a situation occurs because of an imbalance in the flow of goods and money in circulation.

Definition of Inflation According to Experts

1. KBBI (Big Indonesian Dictionary)

Inflation according to KBBI is a decline in the value of paper currency. This happened because there was too much money circulating too fast. This causes the prices of goods to increase.

2. BI (Bank Indonesia)

According to Bank Indonesia, inflation is defined in  the Inflation Targeting Framework . Inflation is a general and continuous tendency for prices of goods to increase.

3. Winardi

Inflation according to Winardi is a period that occurs at a certain time. Occurs when the purchasing power of the monetary unit decreases. The notion of inflation can arise if the value of money deposited circulates more. When compared with the number of services or goods offered.

4. Ackley

Inflation is a continuous increase in prices. Ranging from goods to services in general.

5. Dwi Eko Waluyo

Inflation is a form of economic disease. These economic diseases often arise and are experienced in almost all countries. The tendency of an increase in the price of goods in general.

And it happens continuously. This theory is put forward in his book entitled  Theory of Macroeconomics . The book was published in 2002 ago.

6. Sadono Sukirno

According to Sadono Sukirno, the notion of inflation is a process of increasing prices of goods in an economic system. This statement was stated in 2002 ago. In his book entitled  Macroeconomics .

7. Central Bureau of Statistics

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, inflation can be described as a tendency for the prices of goods and services to rise. In general, inflation occurs continuously. If the price of goods and services in the country increases, then inflation can occur.

Types of Inflation

This is an economic problem that every country in the world will definitely go through and feel. Inflation itself is divided into several types. Can be seen based on the severity, cause and source.

1. Types of inflation based on severity

When viewed from the level of severity, inflation is divided into 4 types. There is inflation of mild severity. There is also inflation with severe severity.

To find out more clearly, let’s briefly review the types of inflation that fall into its severity.

a. Mild inflation

First, mild inflation. Where this first type of inflation is fairly easy to control or handle. Just like its name, this inflation is still in mild limits.

Because it is still mild, this form of inflation does not have a very disruptive effect or influence on the economy of a country. Mild inflation conditions usually occur when there is a price increase below 10% each year.

b. Moderate inflation

The second type which is included in the level of severity is moderate inflation. In this type of inflation, there are already parties who feel disturbed due to inflation. Examples include employees or employees who have a fixed salary.

This is because this type of inflation based on its severity makes prices increase in general. The increase ranges from 10 percent to 30 percent annually.

C. Severe inflation

This type of inflation is inflation that causes the economy in a country to become chaotic. People generally will save goods for inventory.

In addition, people will also choose not to save in the form of money. Because the interest you will get is low. This heavy inflation occurs when an inflation occurs around 30 percent to 100 percent each year.

d. Hyperinflation

Hyperinflation is the most severe type of inflation. This condition will certainly make an economy in a country very chaotic. This happened despite the issuance of fiscal policy and monetary policy.

The chaos that occurs at this level of hyperinflation cannot be controlled. That means that inflation occurs to reach above 100 percent. In fact, it will continue to rise every year.

2. Types of inflation based on their causes

Apart from the level of severity, inflation can also be differentiated into the causes that give rise to it. There are at least 3 types of inflation that exist, when viewed based on the causes. Are as follows:

a. Demand pull inflation

This type of inflation arises because of a relatively high demand for goods and services. Even though the demand for these goods and services is very high, producers still have to be able to fulfill all these demands. Based on this, it is called demand pull inflation.

b. Cost push inflation

The second type of inflation based on why inflation can occur is cost push inflation. This second type is inflation that arises or arises because it is an increase in the cost of producing goods.

The increase in production costs will cause the price of goods offered to rise as well. That’s why it’s called cost push inflation.

c. Bottle neck inflation

Bottle neck inflation is a condition that arises because there are factors of demand and supply. In simple terms, this is a mixed inflation of cost push inflation and demand pull inflation. Then it becomes bottle neck inflation.

3. Types of inflation based on the source

The third type of inflation is inflation seen by source. Inflation is divided into two types. Here’s the explanation:

a. Domestic inflation

This inflation is a condition or condition whose source comes from within the country. Inflation occurs when the circulation of money in society is more than what the people themselves need with their money.

b. Imported inflation

The second type of inflation based on its source is imported inflation. This second type, the source comes from abroad. Where inflation occurs, because there is a country that buys and sells freely. Then there was an increase in prices abroad.

Why Does Inflation Occur?

1. Pull requests

In general, inflation is caused because the demand and supply of goods or services is very large. This happened within the country for a relatively long time. As well as generally needed by the community.

Inflation is very common in a country. Especially countries with fast economic growth. High employment opportunities will cause the income level of the community to be high as well.

2. There is a cost boost

The second reason why inflation can occur is due to an increase in production costs. It happened within a certain period of time. And it happens continuously.

In general, inflation due to rising production costs is due to the pressure of rising production costs. This inflation can occur in countries whose economies are growing and developing.

It can also occur in countries that are growing rapidly. However, the unemployment rate is quite low. In a country like this, the supply of labor will be limited. However, the demand for production goods will increase.

3. The money supply increases

This theory was put forward by the classics. They say that there is a relationship between the amount of money in circulation and the prices of goods.

If the quantity of goods remains but the amount of money in circulation is greater, then prices will be expensive. If this happens continuously, then it is called inflation.

4. Increase in supply and demand

The reason why inflation can occur is because of an increase in demand and supply. This happens because there is an imbalance between demand and supply.

When the demand for a good or service increases, it will result in the supply of factors of production and goods decreasing.

Meanwhile, substitutes or substitutes for these goods and services are limited or even non-existent. This unbalanced situation will cause the prices of goods and services to rise.

5. Consequences of people’s behavior

This is known as expected inflation. This inflation occurs as a result of people’s behavior. People who think that economic conditions in the future will be even better.

This type of inflation is relatively difficult to detect. This is because the incidence of inflation is not too significant.

6. Rigid economic structure

A producer cannot quickly prevent the increase in demand caused by population growth. In the end, demand is difficult to meet when there is population growth.

7. Economic and political chaos

If a country is in an insecure condition, then the price of goods in that country will tend to be expensive. This has also happened in Indonesia.

Precisely when there is political and economic turmoil. This happened back in 1998. At that time, the level of inflation in Indonesia even touched 70 percent.

Even though the inflation rate tends to be normal. It ranges from 3 percent to 4 percent.

8. Company decisions

This is one of the reasons why inflation can occur. Sometimes, inflation can occur naturally. When supply decreases. And the demand is increasing.

However, at other times inflation occurs because it is regulated by the company. Companies that make popular items often increase their prices. This is done only because consumers are willing to pay the desired price.

Companies will also increase prices freely. Especially when the goods being sold are something that consumers really need. Examples such as the daily needs of gas and oil.

9. National debt

When the debt in a country increases, the government generally has two options. First, the government can raise taxes. Second, the government prints more money to pay off the country’s debt.

When taxes increase, businesses will react. They will increase the price. This was done to offset the increase in tax rates at the company.

If the government chooses the second option, it will have an impact on the circulation of money in society. This will lead to price increases and currency devaluation.

10. Abroad

Inflation does not only come from internal factors. However, inflation can also come from external factors. External factors in question are factors from abroad.

An example is an increase in the price of crude oil. The increase in other imported commodities also had an effect. Such as food and beverage ingredients. What’s more, this increase has been ongoing.

That is a brief explanation of why inflation can occur. Find terms and information related to other economic fields at  www.sinaumedia.com . sinaumedia as #FriendsWithoutLimits will always present interesting articles and recommendations for the best books for Sinaumed’s.

Author: Wida Kurniasih

Source: from various sources

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Star Names – Stars are celestial bodies that emit light as a result of nuclear fusion reactions and can produce energy in their cores. Who would have thought that the names of the stars turned out to be very diverse. Each of these stars has its own characteristics.

Meanwhile, constellations or constellations are a collection of stars that look like certain shapes in the sky and are named. The names of constellations usually take the names of objects, animals and people in the past. To this day, astronomers still use constellations to name stars and meteor showers, as quoted from NASA’s website.

Constellations are composed of stars that can be located far from each other, even though some are located close together. However, as seen from a distant Earth, the constellations appear close together and form an object, animal or person when connected by imagination and imaginary lines. Cultures around the world have different names for constellations and the number of constellations recorded in history. Currently, NASA has 88 officially recognized constellations.

Want to know what the names of the stars and constellations are? Let’s look at the following explanation, which is quoted from education.sains.lapan.go.id .

10 Names of Stars in the Solar System

1. Sirius – Alpha Canis Mayoris

Sirius is the brightest star. This name is taken from the Greek word ” Seirios ” which means “sparkling”. This star is in the constellation Canis Major. This star is known to be important to the civilizations of Ancient Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula which became a sign of the annual flooding of the Nile River. Sirius was originally a multiple blue star system (Sirius A and B).

One side of this star evolves first to become a red giant before finally turning into a white dwarf. Sirius A has a visual brightness of -1.47 and is included in the A1V spectrum which is a star sign that is on the main sequence and includes type A1 stars. Meanwhile, Sirius B has a visual brightness of +8.44 and is included in the DA2 spectral class, which means that this star is a white dwarf. The star Sirius is 8.6 light years away and is 1.7 and 1/120th the size of the sun, respectively.

2. Canopus – Alfa Carinae

The next star’s name is Canopus which is the second brightest star. The name ” Canopus ” is taken from a ship navigator named Canobus who worked with King Menelaus of Sparta during the Trojan War. This star is located in the constellation Carina. Canopus is included in the A911 spectrum, which means that this star is included in the bright giant star group (class II) with type A9. The star Canopus is 310 light years away and is 71 times the sun’s circumference.

The best sighting of Canopus was on December 28/29, when it was on the meridian at midnight. At that time, people living near the equator could see Canopus at about 37° above the southern horizon. For those in the southern hemisphere, it is possible to see the two brightest stars, Sirius and Canopus in one night. If Sirius could be seen around the zenith, he could definitely see Canopus to the south. For those living at latitudes higher than 37°18’15” S, Canopus would be a circumpolar star, that is, a star that never sets.

3. Alpha Centauri

The name of the star in the sky is Alpha Centauri. This star has a multiple star system with each part orbiting a certain point. This star takes 80 years to orbit that point. The two stars are 35.6 to 11.2 astronomical units apart. The two Alpha Centauri stars have a shape similar to the sun because they are located on the main sequence (class V) with star types G and K. Alpha Centauri has a distance of 4.4 light years with a size of 1.22 and 0.86 times the sun.

With a combined magnitude of -0.27, Alpha Centauri appears as a single star in the night sky when viewed with the unaided eye, the third brightest, less bright than Sirius and Canopus. With a declination of -60°50′, Alpha Centauri is visible to most of those who live in the Southern Hemisphere. For those living at latitudes higher than 29°10′ south, Alpha Centauri will be a circumpolar star. It is best seen in late April or early May, when it is around the meridian at midnight. Together with Beta Centauri, Alpha Centauri became ”a pointer to Crux”. By this pointer one can distinguish it from fake crux.

“Alpha Centauri” (“Rigil Centaurus”) is the name given to the brightest object in the constellation Centaurus that is visible to the naked eye as a single star. With the help of telescopes, the object can be detected as a multiple star system, called “Alpha Centauri AB”, and often abbreviated as “α Centauri AB” or “α Cen AB”, with the main (brightest) component called “Alpha Centauri A (α Cen A)” and the second component is called “Alpha Centauri B (α Cen B)”.

There is a third component separated by 2.18° from system AB, called “Proxima Centauri”, or simply “Proxima”, or “α Cen C”. This separation is so much greater than that of components A and B that if Proxima Centauri were bright enough to be seen with the naked eye, it would appear as a separate star from the α Cen AB system. Alpha Centauri AB and Proxima Centauri form a double star system, which is assumed to be gravitationally associated with the α Cen AB system. Direct evidence that Proxima has the elliptical orbit typical of multiple stars has yet to be found.

4. Arcturus – Alpha Bootis

The name of the next star is Arcuturus. The name comes from Ancient Greek, from the word Arktouros which means bear keeper. This star is north of the celestial equator. Arcturus is 37 light years away and is 25 times the size of the sun. This star is classified as a class III giant star and is of type K0.

Given its proximity to the celestial equator, Arcturus is visible to almost everyone on Earth, except for those living above latitude 70.818° south. It is best seen around April, when this star reaches the meridian at midnight.

Arcturus is a red giant star with the spectral class K1.5 IIIpe. The “pe” suffix stands for “peculiar emission”, indicating that the light spectrum is unusual and full of emission lines. The presence of emission lines in the spectrum of red giants is actually commonplace, but in the case of Arcturus the phenomenon appears to be stronger.

Visually, Arcturus is at least 110 times brighter than the sun, but it actually emits 180 times more energy. This is due to its low brightness efficacy because its surface temperature is lower than that of the Sun.

Arcturus is known for its great self-motion, greater than any 1st magnitude star other than α Centauri. Currently, Arcturus is almost at its closest point to the Sun, and is moving very fast (122 km/sec) relative to the solar system. Arcturus is an old star in the disk of the Milky Way and appears to move together in a group of 52 similar stars. Its mass is difficult to estimate, but it is probably equal to the mass of the sun, but no more than 1.5 times. With this mass, Arcturus means it is older than the sun, and describes what the sun looks like when it reaches the red giant phase.

Based on the measurements of the Hipparcos Satellite, Arcturus is 43.9 light years (11.3 parsecs) from Earth, which is relatively close on an astronomical scale. Hipparcos also suggested Arcturus was a multiple star system, with a secondary component that was 20 times fainter and orbited close enough to be within our ability to detect it. Recent research results are inconclusive, but support the marginal detection of Hipparcos.

5. Vega – Alfa Lyrae

Vega is the name of the next star which is no less bright than the previous star. The initial star has a visual brightness of +0.03 and is included in the A0Va spectrum class group. Which means this star belongs to the main sequence (Class V) and is of type A0. This star, which also means a fallen eagle, is 25 light years away and is 2.4 times the size of the sun. This star never rises at latitude 51o LS or more and never sets at latitude 51o LU or more.

Vega has the spectral class A0V, and thus is a main sequence star burning hydrogen to helium in its core. As an A0V class star, Vega will only shine for one billion years, one tenth of the lifetime of the Sun. Vega’s current age is estimated to be between 200 and 500 million years. Vega is twice as massive as the sun and emits 50 times more energy. Vega is also a very fast rotating star.

Due to the precession effect on Earth’s rotation, in about the year 14,000, Vega will become the North Star. For a long time, Vega has been the standard star in absolute photometric calibration by astronomers. Vega’s apparent magnitude is defined as zero for all wavelengths.

6. Capella – Alfa Aurigae

Capella became the name of another star in the sky. The name is taken from Latin which means little goat. Capella is a quartet star with two pairs of binary stars, namely Capella Aa with Capella Ab and Capella H with Capella L. Capella’s star has a distance of 43 light years with a different size from each of the star pairs. The size of Capella Aa and Ab is 2.4 sun times, while Capella H and L are only 0.54 sun times.

7. Rigel – Beta Orionis

The name of the seventh star is Rigel. The name was adopted from the Direction Language ” Rijil Al-Jauzah ” or ” Rijil Al-Jabbar ” which means “foot of the hunter (orion)”. The name is a triple star consisting of Rigel A or Algebar, Rigel B, and Rigel C. This star, which is located in the constellation Orion, has a distance of 860 light years with the largest being 79 times the size of the sun. The largest size is owned by the star Rigel A.

8. Procyon – Alfa Canis Minoris

Another star that is no less bright than Rigel is Procyon. This star name comes from the Ancient Greek meaning before or after the dog. Procyon is a binary star consisting of Procyon A and B. The combined brightness of the two is +0.34. This star is 11.5 light years away. It is twice as solar for Procyon A and 1/80 as solar for Procyon B.

9. Achernar – Alfa Eridani

The name Achernar is taken from the Arah language which means the end or downstream of a river. This star is located in the constellation Eridaus. Achernar is 139 light away and is 11.4 times the size of the sun. This star is included in the B6Vep spectrum class. This means that the star is on the main sequence (class V) with a variable star type BE. Achernar can also rotate very quickly so that it has a more oblate shape at the poles with a shorter polar radius than the equator.

10. Betelgeuse – Alpha Orionis

The name of the 10th star is Betelgeuse. This star is located in the constellation Orion with a visual brightness between +0.0 to +1.6. Betelgeuse is a reddish semiregular variable star that has the widest range of brightness compared to first magnitude stars. Its brilliance makes Betelgeuse a red giant star. It is about 548 light years away and is 764 times the size of the sun. Betelgeuse is also a large star that can be seen without special tools.

88 Constellation Names

Quoted from the official NASA website, here are 88 names of constellations in Latin and their meanings.

1. Andromeda, princess of Ethiopia.
2. Antlia, air pump.
3. Apus, heavenly bird.
4. Aquarius, water bearer.
5. Aquila, eagle.
6. Ara, altar.
7. Aries, Ram.
8. Auriga, coachman.
9. Bootes, shepherd.
10. Caelum, engraver.
11. Camelopardalis, giraffe.
12. Cancer, crab.
13. Canes Venatici, hunting dog.
14. Canis Major, large dog.
15. Canis Minor, small dog.
16. Capricorn, sea goat.
17. Carina, base ship of the Argonauts.
18. Cassiopeia, queen of Ethiopia.
19. Centaurus, Centaurus (human mythological creature with horse legs and body).
20. Cepheus, king of Ethiopia.
21. Cetus, water monster (whale).
22. Chamaeleon, chameleon.
23. Circinus, compass.
24. Columba, dove.
25. Coma Berenices, Berenice hair.
26. Corona Australis, southern crown.
27. Corona Borealis, crown of the north.
28. Corvus, raven.
29. Craters, cups.
30. Crux, cross or cross (south).
31. Cygnus, goose.
32. Delphinus, dolphin.
33. Dorado, swordfish.
34. Draco, dragon.
35. Equuleus, little horse.
36. Eridanus, river.
37. Fornax, fireplace.
38. Gemini, twins.
39. Grus, stork.
40. Hercules, Hercules (son of Zeus).
41. Horologium, clock.
42. Hydra, sea snake.
43. Hydrus, water snake.
44. Indus, native Asian or American people.
45. Lacerta, lizard.
46. Leo, lion.
47. Leo Minor, the little lion.
48. Lepus, hare (similar to rabbit).
49. Libra, scales.
50. Lupus, wolf.
51. Lynx, lynx (bobcat).
52. Lyra, lyre or harp.
53. Mensa, table mountain.
54. Microscopium, microscope.
55. Monoceros, unicorns.
56. Musca, flies.
57. Norma, artisan leveling.
58. Octans, octane/quadrant.
59. Ophiuchus, snake holder.
60. Orion, hunter.
61. Pavo, peacock.
62. Pegasus, Pegasus (flying horse).
63. Perseus, Perseus (the hero who saved Andromeda).
64. Phoenix, Phoenix.
65. Pictor, easel (backboard/canvas).
66. Pisces, fish.
67. Piscis Austrinus, southern fish.
68. Puppis, stern of the Argonauts.
69. Pyxis, the compass of the Argonauts.
70. Reticulum, net.
71. Sagitta, arrow.
72. Sagittarius, archer.
73. Scorpius, scorpion.
74. Sculptor, sculpting tool.
75. Scutum, King Sobiescianium’s shield.
76. Serpent, snake.
77. Sextants, Sextants.
78. Taurus, bull.
79. Telescope, telescope.
80. Triangulum, triangle.
81. Triangulum Australe, south triangle.
82. Tucana, toucan.
83. Ursa Major, big bear.
84. Ursa Minor, little bear.
85. Vela, sail of the Argonauts.
86. Virgo, holy woman.
87. Volans, flying fish.
88. Vulpecula, fox.

The constellations in the night sky appear to shift westward with the time of year. This is because the earth revolves around the sun in a year, the view of the sky as seen from the house will change as the earth orbits. A person’s location on earth also determines what constellations are visible and how high they appear in the sky.

The northern hemisphere always points in a different direction than the southern hemisphere. This means that stargazers in Indonesia will see a slightly different view of the sky and be able to see several different constellations from people in the United States.

The Most Popular Maluku Regional Songs – Hello Sinaumed’s friends, since attending kindergarten, Indonesians have been familiar with various kinds of Indonesian songs. However, over time these songs are often forgotten due to the influence of time and are increasingly rarely heard. Maluku regional songs in particular, as a region that is known to be very productive and rich in enviable regional songs.

Each region in Indonesia generally has a unique culture. Therefore, Indonesia is also known for its cultural diversity. One of the provinces that has a lot of unique culture is Maluku.

Maluku Regional Song

In the Maluku region, not only musical instruments and dances are widely known to the public. However, this province is also known for its folk songs. On this occasion we will discuss Maluku regional songs.

Maluku Province is an area that has many regional songs, especially in the city of Ambon. Among the many regions in Indonesia, Maluku has the most playlists in that region.

Maluku regional songs are also known for their cheerful and happy tones, so they are liked by many children in the area and outside the region, and some of them are even known throughout the country.

1. The song Ayo Mama

Come on mama, mama don’t be angry beta 

He just, just, just kissed beta 

Come on mama, mama don’t be angry beta 

It’s normal for young people

Black hens have white eggs 

Looking for food on the edge of the river 

Black beta has white teeth 

If you laugh so cute

Sweet young mango said 

It’s been a long time since you came from hilah 

Sinyo Ambon Jo is black and sweet 

La biki beta is crazy

Black hens have white eggs 

Looking for food on the edge of the river 

Black beta has white teeth 

If you laugh so cute

Come on mama, mama don’t be angry beta 

He just, just, just kissed beta 

Come on mama, mama don’t be angry beta

It’s normal for young people 

If there is a well in the field 

May beta take a shower? 

If there is a longevity 

He will see you tomorrow

Come on mama, mama don’t be angry beta 

He just, just, just kissed beta 

Come on mama, mama don’t be angry beta 

It’s normal for young people

The meaning of the song Ayo Mama

Ayo mama is a Maluku folk song with a humorous melody. In each verse, this song uses seductive lyrics addressed to a mother. Through this temptation, the boy asks mom for permission to go out on a date.

This song was composed by Huang-Huilan. Most of the lyrics to this song use some rhyme, which is catchy and easy to remember. This song is very suitable for young people so that the message can be conveyed.

Until now, the song Ayo Mama is often sung at various events to enliven the atmosphere and make it more cheerful.

In addition, this song also conveys the message of a teenager asking his mother for permission to go on a date. Adolescence inspires most kids to try new things, including dating.

In order not to be scolded by your parents, especially your mother, try conveying this message through songs so that you can receive blessings when you go out. If your mom allows it, you can have more flexibility in dating someone and in a relationship with someone you like.

2. Huhate Song

Young man huate bae bae,

Don’t get durian skin,

Plug your eyes,

if you are looking for friends,

Don’t get durian skin…

Young man huate bae bae,

Don’t get durian skin,

Plug your eyes,

if you are looking for friends,

Don’t get durian skin…

Huhate, huhate,

huhate huhate bae bae,

Do not let,

just anyone…

Oh no, no, no, no

jang papapipi,

Sio baduri durian skin…

Young man huate bae bae,

Don’t get durian skin,

Plug your eyes,

if you are looking for friends,

Don’t get durian skin…

Young man huate bae bae,

Don’t get durian skin,

Plug your eyes,

if you are looking for friends,

Don’t get durian skin…

Huhate, huhate,

huhate huhate bae bae,

Do not let,

just anyone…

Oh no, no, no, no

jang papapipi,

Sio baduri durian skin

Sio baduri durian skin…

Huhate Song Meaning

The Huhate song is a type of regional song that comes from Maluku and carries a message of advice when we are looking for a mate. This song has a message for those of you who are looking for your soulmate, don’t be in a hurry.

However, this Maluku regional song has been preserved from generation to generation. This song uses a lot of Ambonese mixed with Malay. The lyrics sound catchy and easy to understand.

This song advises young people to choose a partner well, because if the wrong choice can be hurt. Choose a partner, not just by appearance.

Don’t be easily swayed by what other people say. You must first understand and know people before choosing them as a partner.

3. The song Hela Rattan

Hela hela rotane rotane tifa Java

Jawae sounds

The rattan rattan has broken off at the two ends

Two raw dapae

The rattan rattan has broken off at the two ends

Two raw dapae

Mango Young Mango Sweet Mango Mango

Came from indigo

Miss sweet face sweet face makes sinyo

Sinyo is going crazy

Miss sweet face sweet face makes sinyo

Sinyo is going crazy

The meaning of the song Hela Rattan

The song Hela Rotane tells the story of a traditional game that is often played with friends, namely the game of tug of war. Maluku is an area with many famous songs.

Local people are known to like to sing on various occasions. Hela is a rattan vine. Most of these songs are in Malay so that many people understand.

This song represents the fun of playing tug of war. Usually this traditional game uses rope, but in Maluku the medium used is rattan which is woven and then formed into long ropes.

This song is often sung in various celebrations in Maluku. With this song, all family members will gather together happily.

Apart from talking about traditional games, this song also contains the meaning of maintaining unity so that it remains strong. This song was composed by Cosa Aranda and popularized by Ten2Five.

With a modern melody, this song is liked by young people and is able to convey a good message that is easy to understand. Until now, the song Hela Rotan is often sung to invite the whole community to maintain unity and oneness in society.

4. Ambon Manise song

Late afternoon rain 

Lightning strikes a walnut tree 

E jojaro deng mongare 

Let’s dance and dance 

Hit tifa toto, throw away the word balimbing on the train 

Miss dancing with master don’t tease beta’s name 

E danced while shaking his body 

Lombo dance holding lenso sweet 

Feel crowded don’t go home first

Ambon Manise Song Meaning

The term Ambon Manise is probably familiar to most people. This happened because the Maluku region was nicknamed Ambon Manise because the majority of the population were Ambonese.

This Ambon Manise song describes the situation in Ambon, showing that people live there comfortably and harmoniously.

The Ambon Manise song is still sung and preserved to inspire many regions to imitate the beauty and culture that exists in peaceful and prosperous Ambonese society. This will certainly support ongoing peace in various regions and in Indonesia.

This Ambon Manise song was composed by Anthony BT, who is a native of Maluku. Regional songs which are part of the culture must be maintained as a characteristic of a region.

Through beautiful and fun songs, the message you want to convey can be conveyed better and reach all levels of society. This song continues to be sung so that the younger generation knows and can understand the meaning it contains.

Peace and harmony are important factors in a country. For this reason, even though we have different ethnicities, we can maintain harmony and mutual respect must be maintained to maintain world peace.

5. Old Parrot Song

Parrot 

Get to the window 

Granny is old 

Only two teeth left 

Damn track, shit track, ola-la shit track 

Damn track, shit track, ola-la shit track 

Damn track, shit track, ola-la shit track 

Parrot 

Parrot 

Get to the window 

Granny is old 

Only two teeth left 

Damn track, shit track, ola-la shit track 

Damn track, shit track, ola-la shit track 

Damn track, shit track, ola-la shit track 

Parrot 

Damn track, shit track, ola-la shit track 

Damn track, shit track, ola-la shit track 

Damn track, shit track, ola-la shit track 

Older Cockatoo Older Cockatoo

The Meaning of the Elder Brother’s Song

I think we all know and have heard of this song, a very popular childhood song that is still around today. This song is about a little boy who is joking around with his grandmother, then he laughs because he only sees that his grandmother only has two teeth.

6. Mande-Mande song

mande mande,

Ana kona e mande,

How do you feel,

Beta re-married with a…

Sauh design,

Gaba gaba ampa fruit,

If miss dear beta,

Let’s be close, close anyway…

Malayo Malayo Malayo,

Mala left mala on the promontory yo,

Malay left mala in cape,

headland yo…

The Meaning of the Mande-Mande Song

This Mande-Mande song from Maluku tells about the meaning of tolerance and solidarity despite different religions, ethnicities and regions of origin. This song also teaches us to always love and help each other.

7. Song Open Doors

Open the door open the door

Beta wants to enter

Siolah miss miss beta

is in advance

Beta call doesn’t answer

Open the door also do not want

Siolah madam, I want to enter

There is a dog barking betae

There is wet rain betae

Open the door, I want to enter

Meaning of the Song Open the Door

The song “Open the Door” is one of the Maluku regional songs which is often sung by children. This song is quite popular among the people of Maluku, even outside the Maluku region it is also popular.

The lyrics of the song are funny because it tells an interesting incident. In this song, the “beta” character (me or first person) asks to open the door because the dog is barking outside and it’s raining heavily.

However, despite repeated requests to open the door, this woman still did not open the door and did not even answer when she was called from behind the door. For some reason, the fate of the “beta” reappeared later because the lyrics of the song did not continue the story.

8. The Song of Compassion

Love e… love love e…

Eee look at Ambon, the feeling of affection is far away…

Where will the deer be chased, into the market try to find…

Still small, study hard, when they are big, they are happy

Si Amat recited the Koran to the end, reciting the Qur’an at dawn…

Let it be slow as long as you are safe, you won’t run away from the mountain to be chased

If there is a well in the field, we may take a bath

If I have a long life, may we meet again.

The Meaning of the Song of Sayang-Sayange

“Rasa Sayang Sayange” is a Maluku regional song passed down from generation to generation by the ancestors of the Maluku people.

This song uses the native language of Maluku and is often sung by children to express their love for the environment and society among themselves.

If you look closely, the lyrics of this song contain rhymes or rhymes that echo one of the oral traditions of the Maluku people. So the lyrics of this children’s song can be changed according to the wishes of the singer so that there are several versions of this song.

9. Song of Mount Salahutu

Ambon city is the capital of the land of Maluku

On the seafront where the betas unite

From afar you can see Mount Salahutu

I remember the first time I was there

The bright moon illuminates the shore

The sound of the guitar, the sound of tifa, is bustling

Sio Ambon with a beautiful bay

What time will I see you again

The Meaning of the Song of Mount Salahutu

The song “Gunung Salahutu” is a Maluku regional song sung in Malay to make it easier for the public to understand. Although titled Gunung Salahutu, this song contains more than just the musician’s tweets in his hometown on the outskirts of Ambon.

With this hope, this song tells about the different beauty of the city of Ambon, where Mount Salahutu is one of the beautiful city views.

The lyrics “The sound of the guitar, the sound of the tifa is loud” also describes one of the uniqueness of Ambon, which is nicknamed the city of music because its inhabitants love to create sounds, music and dance.

10. Rainy Afternoon Song

Rainy afternoon

Lightning strikes a walnut tree

E jojaro deng mongare

Let’s dance and dance

Hit tifa toto throw away

Balimbing said on the train

Miss dancing with master

Don’t tease the name beta

E dancing while shaking body…

Lombo dancing holding lenso manise…

Feel crowded don’t go home first…

Meaning of Song Rain Afternoon

Rain Sore-Sore This is a Maluku regional song which is usually sung to the accompaniment of various instruments such as the guitar, violin or drums. With a joyful rhythm, this song invites everyone to join in the dance.

These lyrics are really about the dance party. The Ambonese are very famous for their love of dancing due to the influence of Dutch culture which has been a part of Indonesian history.

Regional Song Function

After knowing examples of regional songs from Maluku, the next step is to find out what functions they have. As a cultural product, it generally has several functions.

Accompaniment of traditional ceremonies 

Traditional ceremonies and traditional music are always related. In Indonesia, this can be seen in many local cultures in Indonesia. Traditional rituals use musical accompaniment to convey a sense of harmony and sympathy with nature. Usually this is done to celebrate certain rituals or festivals.

accompaniment  

In addition to traditional ceremonies, traditional music is also used to accompany performances. Each region must have traditional dances and a clear connection with music. The most interesting thing is that each word in traditional music has its own meaning. The philosophy of each lyric is also often incorporated into certain performances, such as dances.

Media playing music 

In addition to sacred activities, cultural products in the form of folk songs can also be used as a means of playing music. A very popular example is the song Rasa Sayang-Sayange from eastern Indonesia, namely Maluku. The song is often used as a background to play when playing music.

Communication tool 

In the past, folk songs were often used as a means of communication. The lyrics contain a certain meaning that is passed on to the next generation. Regarding the meaning of folk songs, it is not surprising that many experts also believe that this cultural product is used as a messenger.

News Media 

The purpose of the media is to convey certain messages, be it messages in the context of religion or humanity. An example is Lir-Ilir which is used as a means of preaching.

Conclusion

We know that Maluku Province is not as big as other provinces, but its natural and cultural wealth is very important and deserves a thumbs up. Especially in the field of marine tourism and its cultural wealth.

On the other hand, the existence of a culture that is preserved is the advantage of the province of Maluku, in the midst of the digital and internet era. Thus this review of 10 collections of Maluku regional songs along with their lyrics and meanings. We hope that the information about a collection of Indonesian traditional songs in this sinaumedia article can add to our knowledge and insight. Thank You.

Author: Ziaggi Fadhil Zahran

Book Recommendations & Related Articles

Mass communication theory is a process by which a person or group of people or a large organization composes a message and sends it through various media to an anonymous and heterogeneous public. The presence of modern communication media as a result of the development of information and communication technology tends to blur the boundaries between traditional interpersonal communication or interpersonal communication and also mass communication.

For example, someone who has computer equipment and computer operating skills can publish his own magazine. This is a question for researchers about whether the various new forms of communication can be categorized into mass communication. Researchers have studied media as well as communication for more than a century. There are three paradigms in which the media becomes the main study in a mass communication research, including:

a. The first paradigm is the paradigm of the power of media effects which sees the strong influence of the media on mass audiences.
b. The second paradigm is the limited effect paradigm or the minimalist effect of media on mass audiences.
c. The third paradigm is the paradigm of the cumulative effects of the media on mass audiences.

There are several theories of mass communication that specifically focus on mass communication and several other theories that are used to research the mass media. Most of the theories used developed outside the field of communication studies which were then applied to media studies by experts.

In their book Encyclopedia of Communication Theory (2009), Littlejohn and Foss divide mass communication theory into three categories, namely theories related to culture and society, theories related to media influence and persuasion, and theories related to media use. . In addition to theories that emphasize the process of the impact of mass media and mass audiences, several mass communication theories also focus on the content of media messages and the structure and appearance of mass media.

List of Mass Communication Theories According to Experts

Below are some lists of mass communication theories according to experts, including:

1. Hypodermic Needle Theory

The hypodermic needle theory is also known as the Magic Bullet or Stimulus Response Theory. Why is it called a hypodermic needle because this theory seems as if the audience can be subdued by providing information according to what the media wants. As also likened to a drug that is stored and distributed throughout the body through a syringe.

Apart from that, this theory also assumes that the media has mightier powers and is smarter. Compared to an audience that is passive or does not know anything. Therefore, the audience can be tricked in such a way from what is reported by the media. So, to avoid the negative impact of news in the mass media, it is important for the audience to always filter the information reported by the mass media.

2. Development Theory (Cultivation Theory)

The theory of development or also known as the theory of cultivation was first coined by Professor George Gerbner. In the mid-1960s, he started a research project on Cultural Indicators. This study aims to study the effect of watching television on people’s lives. According to this cultivation theory, television is the main medium or tool where viewers can learn about society and also the culture of its environment. What perception is awakened in the mind of the audience is largely determined by television. That means, through the audience’s contact with television, one can learn about the world, the people in it, the values ​​contained in it, and also its customs.

Based on the opinion of the researchers, television is the main storyteller in today’s society. By watching television, people can get various kinds of information. In addition, television also displays a mainstream or uniform view of the world today. Thus, heavy television addicts will assume that what happens on television is the real world. In fact, this does not necessarily happen in the real world. In other words, the audience’s judgments, opinions, their perceptions will be herded in such a way as to match what they see on television.

3. Theory of Cultural Imperialism (Cultural Imperialism Theory)

The theory of cultural imperialism was first coined by Herb Schiller in 1973. Where this theory states that western countries will dominate the media around the world. The reason is that the western mass media has a strong effect on influencing media in other countries. Every developing country tends to find it more difficult to produce mass media like western countries, because of the limitations they have.

In addition, this theory also assumes that the media can help modernize by introducing western values ​​that are carried out. Where they will sacrifice traditional values ​​and cause the loss of local cultural authenticity. The values ​​introduced are the values ​​of capitalism. As we understand, this value is intentional in order to place a developing country at the lowest position, namely under the interests of a more dominating power.

4. Media Equation Theory

The media equation theory or what is called the media equation theory wants to answer the problem of why people unconsciously and even automatically respond to what is communicated by the media, as if the media were humans too. Apart from that, this theory also pays attention to the fact that the media can also be talked to. The media can be someone’s interlocutor as in interpersonal communication involving two people in a face-to-face situation.

For example, when we are looking for information about data processing using a computer. So we seem to communicate directly by asking for this information, as if the computer were human. We also use other media to communicate, even we also behave unconsciously as if the media is human.

5. The Spiral of Silence Theory

The spiral of silence theory initiated by Elizabeth Noelle Neumann considers that it is difficult for the media to accept minority voices. So that causes this minority group to hide their opinions or views when they are in the majority group. Someone who thought they were a minority would emphasize their views, but rather than that, if someone had a very strong stance, then that person wouldn’t be easily carried away by the majority’s opinion. For example, if opinion is related to belief, where a Muslim believes that pork is haram and he really believes in that. Of course, he will strongly reject any opinion that says that pork is halal for Muslims.

6. Technological Determinism Theory

The theory of technological determinism was first put forward by Marshall McLuhan in 1962. The basic idea of ​​this theory is that changes that occur in various ways of communicating will also shape human existence itself. Technology shapes individuals in terms of how they think and behave in society. So that technology ultimately directs humans to move forward.

7. Diffusion of Innovation Theory

The emergence of the theory of the diffusion of innovation began in 1903 by a sociologist who came from France, namely Gabriel Tarde. According to this innovation diffusion theory, something new will arouse people’s curiosity to know about it. Where someone who finds something new tends to socialize and spread it. Thus, this theory focuses more on the fact that when humans discover something new, they tend to share this information with others through the mass media.

8. Theory of Use and Satisfaction

The use and satisfaction theory was coined by Herbert Blumer, Elihu Katz, and also Michael Gurevitch. Where this one theory is the opposite of the hypodermic needle theory. In hypodermic needle theory, the media will be very active and have a large effect. While the audience is on the passive side. While this theory emphasizes that the active audience plays a role in determining which media should be chosen to satisfy their needs.

9. Agenda Setting Theory

Agenda setting theory will create public awareness or public awareness by emphasizing an issue that is considered the most important to be heard, seen, read, and trusted in the mass media. The figures who sparked this theory were Bernard Cohen, Maxwell McCombs, and also Donald Shaw. This theory is based on the assumptions of researchers, namely that the press and the media do not reflect the actual reality to the general public. The media is more inviting to discuss these issues compared to discussing other issues.

10. Critical Media Theory

This critical media theory comes from the flow of critical sciences originating from Marxist social science. Where this theory sees that the media cannot be separated from its interests, moreover it is loaded with the interests of the owners of capital, the state, or other stronger groups. In another sense, the media is a tool to dominate society. Next, critical theory sees that media is the formation of consciousness. Representations made by the media in a social structure are more easily understood as media that can provide context for the influence of awareness. This is why the media is used as a social agent that can influence society at large.

11. Media Dependence System Theory

This theory says that the media depends on social context and was first coined by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur in 1976. They assume that the meeting of media with audiences is based on three perspectives, namely the perspective of individual differences, the perspective of social categories, and as well as a social relations perspective.

The assumption of this theory views that the audience’s relative dependence on mass media sources when compared with other sources of information is a variable that must be determined empirically. The greater the level of dependency on the mass media in terms of obtaining information and the higher the level of criticality and instability of society, the greater the power possessed by the media.

12. The Spiral Theory of Silence

The theory coined by Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann in 1974 describes the relationship between media effects on the formation of public opinion and also patterns of democratic behavior. The phrase “spiral of silence” refers to how people tend to prefer silence when they feel their views are in the minority. Any individual who sees that his own opinion is accepted will express it. Whereas those who think that they are a minority, will suppress their views more. Innovators as well as change agents are not afraid of voicing different opinions just as they are not afraid of isolation.

13. Knowledge Gap Theory

This theory was first coined by Philip Tichenor, George Donohue, and Clarice Olien. Where this theory states that increasing the amount of information about a topic causes an increase in the knowledge gap between those who know more and those who know only a little. This knowledge gap theory can help explain research that focuses on public opinion. The knowledge gap can result in an increasing gap between people of low socioeconomic status and people of high socioeconomic status.

Then, improving people’s lives with information in the mass media does not always go smoothly, as planned because it usually encounters various kinds of communication barriers. The mass media may have the effect of increasing the gap between members of the social class.

There are five reasons to justify the knowledge gap as stated by Tichenor, Olien, and Donohue, namely that people with a higher socioeconomic level:

a. Have better communication skills, reading ability, education, ability to remember information.
b. Can store information more easily or remember topics based on background knowledge.
c. Has a more relevant social context.
d. Better at receiving, selective exposure, and also retention.
e. Easier to reach the mass media

14. Cognitive Social Theory

This cognitive social theory was first coined by a psychologist named Albert Bandura in the 1960s. Where this one theory focuses on how and why people are more likely to imitate what is seen from the media. It is a theory that focuses on our capacity to learn by experiencing it firsthand. The process of learning through this observation depends on several factors, namely the ability of the subject to be able to understand and also remember what they see, identify, and various kinds of things that lead to the process of modeling behavior. Cognitive social theory is one of the most frequently used theories for researching the media as well as mass communication.

15. Two Stage Theory

The two-stage theory was first coined by Paul F. Lazarsfeld and his friends based on the results of a voter survey. The results of this study state that informal social relations play a role in modifying behavior, in which each person will sort out the contents of the media campaign.

This research also indicates that various kinds of ideas or ideas often flow from radio and newspapers to opinion leaders and from them they are then conveyed to the general public. Therefore, informal social groups have several levels of influencing people and the way they select media content and how they act on it.

This is an explanation of mass communication theory and several types of mass communication theory according to experts. For Sinaumed’s who want to know more deeply about other theories, they can read related books by visiting sinaumedia.com. To support Sinaumed’s in adding insight, sinaumedia always provides quality and original books so that Sinaumed’s has #MoreWithReading information.

Important Components of Communication – In order for the communication process to work as it should, there are several important components that must be met in order to support the communication process. Communication occurs in various contexts, such as interpersonal, interpersonal, group or mass.

Whatever the context of the field of communication, in the process communication involves receiving messages and understanding the messages conveyed. In order for the message conveyed to be well received without any misinterpretation, it is necessary to have a communication component to support the ongoing communication activities. Here’s an explanation.

Important Components of Communication

The communication process is a combination that occurs from various stages of communication, each of which has communication barriers to achieve more effective communication. The communication process and the components that are present to support the process have been explained by experts through various communication models.

The communication model itself is a graphic that has been designed to be able to explain the workings of the various variables present in the communication process. Several models of communication such as the classical model from Aristotle, Lassweel to Berlo have also explained the components in communication which are the supporting elements.

In accordance with the opinions of experts, the communication process can work because it always involves several components or stages. The following describes the components of the communication.

1. Communicator or sender of the message or source (Communicator/sender/source)

There are several factors in the communicator that can determine the effectiveness of the communication process, namely the attitude of the communicator and the selection of various symbols that have meaning.

The attitude of the communicator means that the communicator must have a positive attitude. Meanwhile, the selection of various kinds of symbols that are meaningful can be interpreted as the choice of symbols that depends on who is the target audience and how the situation in the communication environment is.

Of the two factors that must exist within the communicator, there are several things that must be considered in carrying out the communication process, namely as follows.

• Individuals involved in communication need to identify who is the communicator or recipient of the message and the target audience.
• The message to be sent by the communicator must be clear and unambiguous.
• Individuals involved in the communication process need to understand the reasons for the communicator sending messages to recipients of messages or target audiences.
• What is the expected result of the communicator as the sender of the message.

If the communicator fulfills these factors, then the communication process too

will be prone to failure.

2. Message or message

In order for the message to be able to reach the recipient effectively, the communicator must understand the nature and profile, needs of the target audience, expectations and the possibility of the response being given by the recipient of the message to the message sent by the communicator.

Knowing the profile and needs of the recipient of the message is very important, especially when the communication process is face to face. The message component in the communication process is the reason for the communication to take place. If the message conveyed by the communicator is not packaged properly, it means that the communicator is not ready to start the communication process to the recipient of the message.

3. Encoding

A message must also be able to be sent in a form in which the recipient of the message is able to decode it, otherwise the message will not be sent properly.

In order for the recipient of the message to be able to encode the message from the communicator, the communicator needs to think about what is needed by the recipient of the message or the audience.

The goal is of course that the recipient of the message is able to understand and decode a message. Communicators should use language that is easy to understand and use contexts that are well known to the recipient of the message. The individual who encodes is called an encoder.

4. Channels or Communication Channels or Media

The type of message that is owned can help the communicator to be able to determine what media and communication channels are appropriate to use. Included in the selection of good words that are spoken, written, printed, non-verbal symbols, electronic media and so on.

In modern communication, the media component in question is mostly focused on mass communication media, for example television, radio and the internet. The selection of the media or communication channel must be appropriate, so that the communicator is able to determine whether the message delivery process can be successful or not.

5. Decoding

To perform encoding, the recipient of the message needs good communication skills, such as the ability to read the message as a whole, listen to the message actively, to ask or confirm when needed.

If the communicator experiences difficulties or weaknesses in terms of communication skills, then the recipient of the message needs to resend the message in a different way.

If you encounter these errors, the communicator can also solve them by helping the recipient of the message to understand the message. An example is by giving additional messages whose nature of the additional messages is to explain or provide clarification.

If the person doing the encoding is called the encoder, then the person doing the decoding is called the decoder.

6. Message Recipient or Communicate (Receiver or Communicatee)

The recipient of the message has a role, namely to receive a message, interpret a message and give meaning to the message he receives from the communicator. The communication process will only succeed if the recipient of the message or the communicant receives the message according to what was conveyed or intended by the communicator.

If in the process, the communicator fails to understand the meaning of the communicator’s message, then the communication process does not run successfully. So that additional solutions are needed to improve the communication process, for example the communicator must provide clarification or additional messages.

7. Feedback, Feedback (Feedback)

Feedback can be obtained directly, if the communicator communicates face to face with the recipient of the message. When the communication process is face to face, feedback can be given by the recipient of the message with facial expressions, body language and others. However, if the communication process is established in writing, then the communicator can obtain feedback by means of a response or reply given by the recipient of the message when responding to the message.

In some cases when the communication process occurs, feedback has an invaluable role to help communicators improve their communication skills. These cases can occur in professional communicators, for example in the field of advertising where the communicator is an institution or company that wants to convey messages through advertisements to the general public.

In this case, feedback from the recipient of the message, namely the general public, becomes very important. Because, companies that advertise their products can find out whether the message given can arrive successfully and provide good feedback for the company.

8. Communication Context

The context that is present can be in the form of environment, socio-cultural background, time, to the elements and background of the communicator and communicator. An example is when communication is carried out by colleagues will have a different communication context, when compared to the communication process that occurs with superiors. The context of communication can help the communicator determine the style of language and the right way to carry out the communication process.

9. Communication Interruption or Noise

Interference in the communication process can be in the form of physical disturbances, such as unusual behavior from the recipient of the message or communicator or loud noises that interfere with the communication process.

In addition to physical disorders, communication disorders can also be in the form of psychological disorders, semantic disturbances, mental disorders experienced by communicators and communicators. In addition to some of the disturbances mentioned, communication disorders can be anything that interferes with the interpretation process, providing feedback to the process of receiving messages.

10. Effects or Consequences of Communication

Effects can be a benchmark whether communication is successful or not. Communication can be considered successful if the recipient of the message gives the effect or attitude and behavior expected by the communicator. If the communicator does not have the effect expected by the communicator, it can be said that the communication process is not going well.

According to the expert, namely Soeganda Priyatna, the effect that can be generated in the communication process can be seen through public opinion, personal opinion, or majority opinion. The following is an explanation of the effects of the communication process.

• Personal opinion is the impact that can arise from the communication process and can be in the form of attitudes or opinions given by the recipient of the message regarding certain issues.
• Public opinion can be defined as a social assessment of important matters and things that have meaning as a form or result of an exchange of ideas carried out by each individual consciously and rationally. This effect in the form of public opinion is generally intended to mobilize the masses or the general public.
• Majority opinion, is the most opinion obtained by communicators in the public or the general public.

Communication Barriers

One of the components in the communication process is a communication barrier. Barriers can interfere with the communication process, thus hindering the message from getting to the communicant properly.

The communication process can be considered successful if there is no distortion in the process. However, interference is a component of communication that occurs and cannot be avoided. There are several communication barriers that need to be known, along with an explanation.

1. Physical barriers

Obstacles or physical disturbances can occur if the communicator is unable to see the communicant physically, for example, because the communicator and the communicant are in a distant place. Thus, the communication process must be established by utilizing a medium such as the internet.

2. Psychological barriers

This psychological disorder will occur if the communicator and communicant have different attitudes, interests and motivations. The differences between communicators and communicants make each individual involved in the communication process see things in a different way according to their respective perspectives. These differences can create barriers in communication.

3. Social and cultural barriers

This disturbance will occur if each individual involved in the communication process has a different cultural background. Thus, each individual has a different view or perspective in receiving or interpreting the message.

An example is that every culture has its own regional language, it is not uncommon for a regional language to have the same words as other regions, but the meaning is different. These differences can become obstacles, if the communicator or communicant does not explain the original meaning of the message conveyed.

4. Linguistic barriers

Linguistic disturbances can occur when the communicator or communicant does not give the right expression or response. This disorder can be triggered by messages that are ambiguous, have multiple meanings, or do not use clear and easy-to-understand language. So, the communicant will find it difficult to interpret the message conveyed by the communicator.

5. Technical barriers

Occurs when the communicator uses the medium of technology to convey messages. For example, because the communicator and the communicant are far away, the communicator will convey messages using the internet medium. However, it is constrained by technical obstacles such as an internet signal that is not smooth, weak, bad sound or too busy and others.

6. Barriers to the amount of information

The final barrier to communication can occur when there is too much information that the communicator wants to convey. However, the communicator has limitations in absorbing or interpreting the information conveyed.

That is an explanation of the components in communication that must be known. There are several communication components that support or become a benchmark for whether the communication process is going well or not.

Sinaumed’s can deepen material regarding communication components and basic knowledge about communication by reading books. Sinaumed’s can buy books about communication at sinaumedia.com as #SahabatUnlimits, Sinaumed’s can buy books without having to come to the store. Just visit the sinaumedia.com page, check out the order book and your order book will arrive in front of your house! So what are you waiting for? Buy and read the book right now!

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10 Home Internet Providers That Can Be Options – Internet access when it has become a mandatory menu for every home. In this modern era, various things will be easier to do using the internet. Starting from household activities such as shopping for vegetables, to children’s school.

Online meetings for children during a pandemic also require a fast internet network in every home. Therefore, it is important to know which home internet providers are recommended for their speed of access and affordable prices.

So, if you’re looking for it, this article will explain 10 recommendations for home internet providers that you must know

10 Home Internet Providers You Can Choose

Currently there are many providers that provide services for use at home. The selection of this internet provider must be done with consideration. You need to understand what signal providers can work smoothly in that place.

Including how many family members will use it. The more members, of course the speed capacity needs to be increased. So, to find out in more detail one by one home internet provider, here are the reviews:

1. Indihome

The package prices provided by IndiHome are also very varied, so you can adjust it yourself according to the budget provided. You can choose packages starting from IDR 245,000 to IDR 955,000 per month.

The speeds offered range from 10 Mbps to 300 Mbps. The higher the speed, of course the costs that must be incurred will also be more and more. In addition, IndiHome also provides pay television services that broadcast up to 109 channels and video on demand (VOD).

If you are installing this provider for the first time, then the required fee is around IDR 500,000 with a VAT fee of 10%. This financing can be paid if the provider installation process at home has been completed. This installation fee is relative, depending on the promo from the internet provider.

If you want to make payments in cash, you will only be served at Plaza Telkom. However, if you want to pay by transfer method, please contact the sales/technician for account number information and payment confirmation.

With an installation fee of that size, you are also entitled to receive services per month according to the package chosen. IndiHome provides around 6 package options. The package options include the 2P package (internet and TV or internet and phone), 3P package (internet, phone and TV), 1P package, then there are Special Packages, Lecturers, Teachers, Students and Students, as well as Packages gamers. The price offered also varies, depending on the choice of package and speed you choose.

2. MNC Play

You can enjoy this fiber-based service from MNC Play with prices starting from IDR 369,000 per month. With that price, you can already enjoy services that include MNC Now and IPTV.

With this very affordable price, the speed you can get is only up to 30 Mbps. However, the installation fee is also not expensive. You only need money for the installation of around IDR 200,000 plus a 10% VAT fee.

MNC Play also provides other packages which are of course set at a higher but affordable price. So, if you want to install this MNC play provider, don’t forget to look for more detailed information about the packages provided.

3. Biznet

With this relatively super speed, the installation costs are also quite high. Biznet’s initial installation can be up to Rp. 750,000 rupiah. Then there is a device rental fee of IDR 900,000.

Quite expensive indeed, but the services provided are also comparable to the price offered. This service from Biznet includes IPTV with TV on demand technology. In addition, the fiber optic network from Biznet has also become the widest in Indonesia, even reaching Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi.

4. XL Fiber

The advantage that you can get besides high speed is that you can also access unlimited entertainment. Including to access various films from Netflix. Unfortunately, this service from XL Fiber has only reached a few cities. So, for those of you who are interested in this XL Fiber service, you should first look for installation information through the official XL Home Fiber account.

The products offered by XL Fiber are also very varied, there are Smart packages, Fiber M, Super User, Family, and unlimited packages. All of that is offered with speeds ranging from 30 Mbps to 1 Gbps. This service from XL also provides free installation fees, router and entertainment box rentals. You can enjoy this 100% fiber optic service at a very affordable price, starting from IDR 249,000 per month.

5. First Media

As the first to provide internet services, this provider is also known for its good quality, where speeds are offered starting from 15 Mbps. The price or cost required is also standard, not too expensive. To use this service, at least a monthly fee of IDR 384,000 is required.

Then if you want to install it for the first time, the installation fee is IDR 200,000, not including 10% VAT, but includes equipment rental. First Media also provides various packages with various prices. So, if you want to install this provider at home, please check the packages offered first.

6. MyRepublic

The super speed is matched by the price offered, which is around IDR 336,000 per month. The price per month does not include installation. If you want to install it, at least you will need a fee of IDR 500,000 plus 10% VAT.

The other advantages offered by My Republic lie in the services provided. There will be IPTV services as well as special services for gamers and streamers. With download and upload speeds of 1:1, this provider is clearly the target of game lovers. Moreover, this provider also uses Static IP which is far more stable than dynamic IP.

7. Telkomsel Orbit

This modern wifi-based internet service makes it easy for users to enjoy wireless or wireless connectivity. In addition, this service also gives customers the freedom to end and restart their services according to their wishes.

This Telkomsel orbit is more specifically for homes that have not been touched by wireless networks. This provider from Telkomsel uses a Wifi network that captures signals from cellular BTS. That is why Orbit does not provide unlimited quota services for its users.

On the other hand, Orbit Telkomsel instead uses the quota method as is commonly used on cellular telephone networks. The speed offered starts from 15 to 50 Mbps. Another advantage of this Orbit is that there are no costs for installing or borrowing equipment, because the fee is already included in the modem. Interesting right? So feel free to choose the service you want yourself.

8. Oxygen

Even though it is quite new, this provider launched by PT Mora Telematics Indonesia already has quite a lot of subscribers. Oxygen does not make many publications, but their marketing goes through word of mouth. The proof is that Oxygen retail has more than 70,000, while its corporate customers have reached more than 3,000.

Oxygen has advantages over networks that use super optical fiber, namely the Gigabit Passive Optical Network, also known as GPON. Fiber optic technology is able to distribute data very quickly. This speed can reach many places more efficiently, even reaching 1 Gbps.

The good news is that there are no additional costs for installation. However, if the cable exceeds 150 meters, a fee of IDR 6,600 per meter will be charged. The speed offered also starts from 50 to 200 Mbps.

9. Groovy

If you want to use this provider, there are 3 types of services that you can enjoy, namely Unlimited Data, Unlimited Speed, and also internet + free cable TV. The costs required are also quite affordable, starting from IDR 260,000 per month.

However, Groovy’s internet network service can only be enjoyed by those in the Jabodetabek and Bandung areas, because it has not yet penetrated all regions in Indonesia.

10. Indosat GIG 20 Mbps

To enjoy these services, you need to pay around IDR 280,000 per month. However, these costs do not include installation costs. If you want to do the first installation, you will be charged IDR 250,000 with 10% VAT.

Then there is still a modem rental fee of IDR 40,000 and a fee for renting an STB with the same nominal value. So, if you want to install this Indosat GIG provider, please prepare funds for the installation and also a monthly deposit.

Things to Consider When Choosing a Provider

1. Home Location

The first consideration is the location of your home. Because the installation location will affect the strength and stability of the Wifi signal. Even though many people currently need the internet, it is also necessary to realize that internet services have not yet reached all regions in Indonesia. So, when choosing a provider to install, make sure that the internet network is installed in your area.

2. Internet Network Speed

Each provider will usually provide several internet packages. From that package you can determine the speed of the internet network. Don’t forget to adjust to your needs. If it’s just for communication needs, then you can choose a moderate speed. High speed can be selected if your needs are more important than that, such as getting work done or playing games.

3. Consideration of Needs

The third thing after considering speed is necessity. Every house certainly has different needs. This will usually also be adjusted to the number of family members. The more family members, of course, the more internet needs. Then if the need to browse, open applications, watch videos, or stream is only done via Android, then you don’t need large capacity and expensive internet. So, just install the standard one.

4. Fees and Prices for Internet Services

The last consideration is the price and costs required. This is of course comparable to the needs at home. If the need for internet is getting bigger, the cost is also getting more expensive. For price issues, you can see it in the internet packages offered by the selected provider. The higher the capacity and speed, the more costs incurred. So, just adjust it to your abilities and needs at home.

So, those were 10 recommendations for home internet providers that could be the right choice. If you are going to do business via the internet, then try to read sinaumedia’s book entitled Internet Marketing Attack Strategy or get it via a link.

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10 Historical Places in Yogyakarta – Friends of Gramed, Yogyakarta offers a variety of tourist attractions, ranging from natural, historical and cultural sights. Apart from that, Yogyakarta is also full of classical Javanese arts, such as dance, song, geguritan, gamelan, and literature which have developed into folk arts.

It is undeniable that this is what makes Yogyakarta still strong with its palace traditions. The culture of the local people from year to year also makes this province more lively and brings its own charm, thus attracting domestic and foreign tourists to visit it.

Yogyakarta has various relics or historical traces that can be used to trace its development and dynamics over a long period of time. Talking about Yogyakarta, it cannot be separated from the Islamic Mataram Kingdom which was centered in Kotagede. This is because Mataram Islam became a point that directly connected the presence of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Pura Pakualaman which became the early development of Yogyakarta.

Since Panembahan Senapati built his palace in Kotagede until Prince Mangkubumi opened the banyan forest, the red thread of a government center that gave birth to a high civilization grew in the area that is currently called Yogyakarta.

Apart from its historical traces originating from a kingdom, Yogyakarta also has history and culture originating from foreign nations, such as the culture brought by the Dutch and Chinese colonial governments.

Yogyakarta at the beginning of independence also left a lot of collective memories about the events that occurred in this region. All of these relics record about the journey of Yogyakarta.

If Friends of Sinaumed’s visit Yogyakarta Tours and want to know more about historical buildings in this province, here are 10 historical places in Yogyakarta that are suitable for visiting.

1. Kotagede Palace

Kotagede Palace is an ancient city that was once the capital of the Mataram Sultanate around 1586–1613. The palace is located in an administrative area which is currently called Kota Gede (big city).

The layout of the Kotagede Palace has the concept of a combination of Islam and pre-Islamic times, namely four configurations of mosque-palace-market-alun-alun which are called chess gatra Tunggal. The site complex is also surrounded by the cepuri (inner fort) and baluwarti (outer fort) forts.

Now, the remains that remain from this site are the ruins of several royal buildings, namely forts, markets, mosques, and cemeteries.

2. Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Palace

The Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Palace was started to be built by Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono I a few months after the Giyanti Agreement in 1755. The location of this palace is a former guesthouse called Garjitawati. The construction of this palace took approximately one year.

After the construction was completed on 13 Sura 1682 Javanese year or 7 October 1756, the sultan began to occupy the palace marked by the moon of sengkala memet which reads Dwi Naga Rasa Tunggal. This place was then used as the capital and center of government, as well as the residence of the royal officials and their people.

The reign of the sultan at the Ngayogyakarta Palace marked the birth of an era of empires that succeeded the Mataram dynasty. The Yogyakarta Palace has unique characteristics, identity and role as the center of royal government and Javanese culture, which later developed into one of the centers of modern Indonesian culture to this day.

3. Taman Sari Site

The Taman Sari Site Complex is a legacy of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana I. Taman Sari means a beautiful garden, which was once a recreation area for the sultan and his courtiers. The place that is still sacred in the Taman Sari complex is Pasareyan Ledoksari, which is the place for the sultan’s prayer and private residence.

The most interesting part of the building in this complex is Sumur Gumuling, which is a two-storey building with the lower floor located underground. In the past, this building was a kind of surau used by the sultan to worship. This passage can be reached through an underground passage.

The majority of Taman Sari’s building structures are underground passages, which are secret passages and have been prepared as a savior if at any time the complex is under attack from the enemy.

4. Warungboto site

The Warungboto site or commonly referred to as Umbul Warungboto and Pesanggrahan Warungboto is a complex of cultural heritage sites which administratively covers two different districts, namely the Rejowinangun Village and the Warungboto Village.

The main building of the guest house that remains today is located at Jalan Veteran No. 77, Warungboto Village, Kêmantrèn Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta City. Meanwhile, the building that remains in the Rejowinangun Village is the fort of the guesthouse on the east of the Gajah Wong River.

This site has the original name Pesanggrahan Rejawinangun, which functions as a guesthouse and baths. The site was started to be built by Gusti Raden Mas Sundara when he became the crown prince of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana I until his reign ruled the empire. Several primary sources, such as Tidjschriff voor Nederlandsch Indie , Serat Rerenggan, and Babad Momana, state that this guest house was built in 1711 Java or 1785 AD.

The site building is divided into two parts, namely the building to the west and east of the Gajah Wong River. The site was established on the west and east sides of the river by utilizing river terraced stairs, between the building complexes on the east side and the buildings on the west side of the river having an imaginary axis that stretches from east to west.

Apart from that, the site is also equipped with a pond, garden and garden like a normal guest house. This is because its function is related to the comfort and peace of the sultan and his relatives.

This site is geographically and ecologically has a high level of threat, especially earthquake natural disasters. Throughout its history, there were two major earthquakes that damaged parts of the site, namely on June 10, 1867 and May 27, 2006.

Prior to being renovated and restored by the DI Yogyakarta Cultural Heritage Preservation Agency (BPCB) on December 23, 2016, the site was just ruins and poorly maintained buildings. However, nowadays the building can be visited by tourists. This site became popular when Kahiyang Ayu and Bobby Nasution did a pre-wedding photo session at this place on October 27 2017.

5. Tomb of Queen Mas Malang

Ratu Mas Malang Mausoleum has other names Gunung Kelir Tomb and Antakapura Tomb (Kawi language: “palace of death” or “palace where the bodies are buried”) are cultural heritage sites of Amangkurat I or Amangkurat Agung located in Gunung Kelir Hamlet, Pleret Village, Kapanéwon Pleret, Bantul Regency.

This site is located on the hilltop of Mount Sentana, with a height of + 99 meters above sea level. Its existence is related to the figures buried in this place, namely Ratu Mas Malang and Ki Panjang Mas. Mas Malang was the daughter of Ki Wayah, a puppeteer of wayang gedog, and one of Amangkurat I’s concubines. Before becoming a concubine, she was the wife of Dalang Panjang, one of the famous puppeteers in the Mataram Sultanate.

Babad Momana notes that this tomb was built for approximately three years, from the time Mas Malang died in 1665 until it was completed on June 11, 1668. Amangkurat I named the place Antakapura (Kawi language) which means “palace of death”, while the local people named it with the name Gunung Kelir Tomb because there are strokes on the walls of the tomb that resemble kelir in wayang kulit performances.

The construction of the walls of the building comes from white stone blocks, while the headstone is made of andesite stone. Overall, the physical condition of this cemetery complex has been damaged, mainly due to natural factors.

Another site which is in the same complex as this cemetery is Sendang Maya. The site which consists of two pools is located to the northeast of the tomb and functions as a rainwater reservoir. The pool inside the perimeter wall measures + 3.5 meters x 5 meters, while those outside the perimeter wall measures + 6 meters x 6 meters. The spring is surrounded by the same brick wall as the Tomb of Ratu Mas Malang, and has a height of + 3 meters and a thickness of 2.1 meters.

6. Ndalem Jayadipuran

Ndalem Jayadipuran or Ndalem Dipowinatan is a cultural heritage building located at Jalan Brigjen Katamso No. 139, Keparakan Village, Mergangsan District, Yogyakarta City. At first, Ndalem Jayadipuran was in the form of a classical Javanese pyramid-style house known as Ndalem Dipowinatan.

This ancient building has played an important role in the history of the struggle for Indonesian independence, especially during the movement period, for example the VI Jong Java Congress which was held on May 23-27 1923 and the First Indonesian Women’s Congress on December 22-25 1928.

Currently, the Ndalem Jayadipuran building is occupied by the Yogyakarta BPNB (Cultural Value Preservation Center) office. Seeing the many national awakening movements carried out in Ndalem Jayadipuran, this building is referred to as the “house of national awakening”.

7. Ndalem Brontokusuman

Ndalem Brontokusuman or Ndalem Pugeran is a cultural heritage building located in Brontokusuman Village, Kêmantrèn Mergangsan, Yogyakarta City. The location is on the west side of Jalan Sisingamangaraja and adjacent to the Keparakan Village to the north. This building was designated as a cultural heritage through the Mayor’s Decree No. 798/KEP/2009.

Ndalem Brontokusuman was founded in 1895 or when Hamengkubuwana VII was enthroned. The building components refer to the Yogyakarta Palace, which is located in a fortress and has a spatial structure of traditional Javanese houses ( pendopo , gledegan , regol, pringgitan , ndalem ageng, gandok kiwa , gandok tengen , seketheng , gadri, and pawon ).

8. All Indonesian Football Association Monument

The Indonesian Football Association Monument or the Indonesian Football Association Ball Building in Mataram (PSIM) Yogyakarta is a cultural heritage building which was erected on July 3, 1955 by an artist named Jayeng Asmoro to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the founding of the All Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) organization and was inaugurated by the President Sukarno.

The location is to the north of the Mandala Krida Stadium or to be precise at Jalan Mawar No. 1, Baciro Village, Kêmantrèn Gondokusuman, Yogyakarta City. Based on the Mayor’s Decree No. 798/KEP/2009, the building is included as a cultural heritage.

9. Fuk Ling Miau Temple

Fuk Ling Miau Temple or Gondomanan Temple is a place of worship for Confucian and Buddhist people, located at Jalan Brigjen Katamso No.3, Prawirodirjan Village, Kêmantrèn Gondomanan, Yogyakarta City.

Fuk Ling Miau Temple was founded in 1846 by the Chinese community in Yogyakarta. In the beginning, this temple was a house made by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana II for his Chinese consort, which means Fuk is a blessing, Ling is incomparable, and Miau is a temple.

This temple is under the auspices of the Indonesian Buddhayana Council under the name Prabha Gondomanan Buddhist Temple. This shows that the back of the building is used for Buddhists, while the front of the building is used for Confucians.

This temple building is a combination of Chinese-Javanese architecture. One of the distinctive features of this temple is the presence of a pair of celestial dragons facing each other with pearls of fire on top of the building, as well as red and yellow paint as a symbol of harmony.

The Fuk Ling Miau Temple building became a cultural heritage on March 26, 2007 under the Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia No. PM.25/PW.007/MKP/2007.

10. Krapyak Stage

The Krapyak Stage or Menjangan Cages is a building used by Mataram kings as a lookout for hunting animals, especially deer. This building is located on Jalan KH Ali Maksum, Krapyak Kulon Village, Panggungharjo Village, Kapanéwon Sewon, Bantul Regency.

The construction of the Krapyak Stage is closely related to the history of the founding of the Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Palace. The two-storey building made of bricks was built by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana I in 1760. After it was completed, the sultan marked it with Suryasengkala Panunggaling Kawicaksanaan Mutual Bathara.

The function of this building in the past was as a resting place for the sultan, his family and his companions when hunting deer or other game in the forest. The forest in question is located south of the Krapyak Stage.

The Krapyak stage is also one of the buildings on the north-south philosophical axis with the Yogyakarta Palace as its center. This building is a node that is to the south of the palace and if it continues south it will reach Parangtritis Beach.

This philosophical axis implies manunggaling kawula gusti or the union of the people and their king. According to the Islamic side, the philosophical axis contains the meaning of the concept of the relationship between humans and God and the concept of the relationship between humans and each other.

Places that are within the philosophical axis are important locations in the cultural structure of the palace and society. This is because the growth of the city of Yogyakarta can develop east and west from the path of the philosophical axis.

So, that’s a brief explanation of 10 Historical Places in Yogyakarta . Sinaumed’s can visit sinaumedia’s book collection at www.sinaumedia.com to obtain references about other historical places in Yogyakarta, starting from the background of their establishment, the condition of the buildings, and the architecture of their development.

The following is a recommendation for sinaumedia books that Sinaumed’s can read to learn about the specialties of Yogyakarta so they can learn about it in full. Happy reading.

Find other interesting things at www.sinaumedia.com . sinaumedia as #FriendsWithoutLimits will always present interesting articles and recommendations for the best books for Sinaumed’s.

Source:

• Nurhajarini, Dwi Ratna, et al (2012). Yogyakarta: From the Banyan Forest to the Capital of the Special Region . Yogyakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture Preservation Center for History and Traditional Values ​​of Yogyakarta.
• Olthoff, WL; Sumarsono, HR (2009). Babad Tanah Jawi: From the Prophet Adam to 1647 . Yogyakarta: Narration.
• Rohman, Fandy Aprianto (2021). ” Disaster Management in the Context of Preserving the Tomb of Ratu Mas Malang by the DI Yogyakarta Cultural Heritage Preservation Center (BPCB) . Kora-Kora (8th ed.).
• Rohman, Fandy Aprianto (2021). “Disaster Mitigation in the Context of Warungboto Site Preservation, City of Yogyakarta”. Widya Prabha . 10(10): 12–20. ISSN 2302-8998.

• West Kalimantan Traditional House: History, Types, and Uniqueness
• Lampung Traditional Houses: Names, Types, Uniqueness, and Pictures
• North Sumatra Traditional Houses: Names, History, Types, and Pictures
• Sundanese Traditional Houses: Types, Uniqueness, Characteristics, and Forms
• Tongkonan Traditional House: History, Types, Uniqueness, Characteristics, Forms, and Three Related Books
• History and Types of Betawi Traditional Houses

The Example of the Prophet Muhammad –  Being a Muslim as well as the people of the great king of the prophet Muhammad SAW is a special privilege for a Muslim because how come the figure of the prophet Muhammad as the last prophet or prophet on earth is a figure who is very influential in the spread of Islam and becomes a role model the most special for Muslims around the world.

He brought Islam to become a peace-loving religion and taught kindness to his followers, it is not surprising that even though his figure has died for so long, his good teachings and his miraculous legacy in the form of the holy book Al-Qur’an is one of the legacies that serve as a guide to goodness for Muslims throughout the world. world today.

In fact, because he is such a special figure in the eyes of Muslims, every day of his birth is celebrated with great joy by holding religious events which aim to always emulate his character and behavior as long as he is alive for people after him. It is not surprising that there are so many role models that are always taught by parents, teachers, or Islamic religious leaders to continue to be propagated and well emulated.

And, as one of the five prophets who was given the title ulul azmi, a title given to prophets who have high determination. Even though they were hit by various obstacles while carrying out the task of conveying Islamic teachings, they remained patient and determined to be able to get through it. Therefore, it is very good for us Muslims to emulate the qualities of the prophet Muhammad SAW as our guide to live life in this world so that we always do good and believe in God’s power.

And, what are the commendable qualities and behaviors of the great king of the prophet Muhammad? For this reason, in this discussion we will discuss the nature and behavior of the role models of the prophet Muhammad SAW which are good to emulate.

Furthermore, we have summarized the discussion below regarding the example of the Prophet Muhammad!

History of the Prophet Muhammad SAW

Muhammad (Arabic: محمد‎; born in Mecca, 570 – died in Medina, 8 June 632 AD) was a prophet and the last messenger of Islam. Muhammad started to spread Islamic teachings throughout mankind and inherited Islamic authority. Muhammad supported the teachings of monotheism to uphold God’s commands, as brought by the previous prophets and apostles.

Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Mecca, his father’s name was Abdullah and his mother’s name was Aminah. Muhammad’s father died when Muhammad was 6 months old in his mother’s womb and his mother died when Muhammad was 6 years old. After being orphaned, Muhammad was raised by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib until he was 8 years old, after which Muhammad was cared for by his uncle Abu Talib for nearly 40 years and received his first revelations from Allah.

Three years after the first revelation, Muhammad began preaching publicly, proclaiming the oneness of Allah, converting to Islam as the true religion, and rejecting all gods but Allah. Muhammad received revelations gradually until his death. The customs or practices of Muhammad are narrated in the Hadith, which Muslims refer to as a source of Islamic law along with the Qur’an.

Muhammad and his early followers faced challenges and torment from various Meccan tribes. As the persecution continued, Muhammad allowed some of his followers to migrate to Abyssi before Muhammad migrated to Medina in 622. The event of this migration marked the beginning of the Islamic Hijri calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the tribes under the Medina Charter.

After eight years of being attacked by Meccan tribes, Muhammad gathered 10,000 Muslims to lay siege to Mecca. The attack met with little resistance and Muhammad managed to capture the city with little bloodshed. He destroys idols. In 632 CE, a few months after returning to Medina after completing the Hajj Wada, Muhammad fell ill and later died. Muhammad left the Arabian peninsula for a unified Islamic government and many converted to Islam.

Prophet Muhammad is a role model for all Muslims in the world. The figure of the Prophet Muhammad SAW is a noble and special person. It is said to be noble because his morals are a symbol of the morals of the Qur’an. I say special because she is the only perfect model we have to emulate. Perfect physically and perfect morally. Morality in the family, religion and society.

That as a prophet (messenger of Allah) he received revelation in the form of the holy book of the Qur’an.

The book of the Qur’an, which was revealed by Allah SWT to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel, is a guide for mankind around the world during his life, to guide his life, to make his life happy and peaceful from the time he lived in this world until the next life in the hereafter .

Prophet Muhammad SAW was sent to this world to improve human morals, which at the time of the advent of Islam was still known as the Age of Ignorance in Mecca at that time. An era where people have bad habits.

Loves to drink, the rich oppress the poor, the strong oppress the weak, hate girls very much, if having a daughter is considered shameful, then barbaric acts are committed against living girls. And there are many other bad habits.

So Allah sent the Prophet Muhammad SAW to call on ignorant people to leave their bad deeds and worship Allah SWT. Guided by the Qur’an, Prophet Muhammad SAW remained in the midst of the Jahiliyah society to save them from moral decay.

As mentioned above in the second paragraph, Prophet Muhammad is a reflection of the essence of the Qur’an. In this regard, as reported by Hisham bin Amir, he once asked Aisyah RA about the morals of the Prophet Muhammad. Aisyah replied: “The essence of the Prophet SAW is the Qur’an” (HR Muslim).

Aisyah’s unusual answer was short but full of meaning. He described the Prophet SAW with one attribute that can represent all existing attributes. It is true that the essence of the Prophet SAW is the Qur’an. Therefore, the choice of the Prophet Muhammad to carry out this difficult task was certainly very appropriate.

Main Characteristics of Prophet Muhammad PBUH

1. Siddiq

Siddiq means true. This means that the prophet Muhammad SAW must convey the truth. An apostle would not lie. The prophet always spoke the truth. His actions and words are the formation of the contents of the Qur’an.

So obey Allah and His Messenger as mentioned in QS. An-nisa verse 59 follows:

“O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger (Muhammad) and Ulil Amr (Ruler) among you. If you differ in something, refer to Allah (Al-Qur’an) and His Messenger (Sunnah), if you believe in Allah and the Last Day. It is more important (to you) and the result is better.”

2. Trust

Trust means trustworthy. That is, the person must be trustworthy. An apostle will not deceive. When you make a promise you have to keep it. If you receive a trust, you must submit it.

The Messenger of Allah is a figure who always shows the character of trustworthiness. Since childhood, the Prophet had this credibility. It is said that when he was sent out to tend a herd of goats, he always took good care of them.

3. Fatonah

Fathonah means smart. This means that an apostle must have high intelligence. When facing problems and challenges, when facing trials, when there are tasks ahead, for example, it can happen all at once, there are several tasks that must be completed.

The intelligence of the Prophet was always seen in all his actions and decisions, both in war and in preaching. Because of his intelligence, he became the main reference for his followers in solving the problem.

Intellectually, the Prophet was proficient in language, arithmetic, memorization, visionary and intelligent in solving problems.

One of the proofs is seen when the Prophet led the Badr war and prepared his strategy. At that time, the Prophet could only estimate the number of enemy troops by looking at the number of goats and camels killed by the enemy each day.

He is indeed a leader we should emulate. Really smart. You could say multitalented.

4. Tablighi

Tabligh means delivering. An apostle must say what must be said. Realize its vision and mission.

It’s the same with the Prophet. He always gave revelations from God. He had nothing to hide.

Regarding this, Allah SWT once said:

“So that He knows, that in fact the messengers have conveyed the messages of their Lord, while (actually) His knowledge includes what is in them, and He calculates everything one by one.” [QS. Al — Jin 28]

As the people of the Prophet, let us try our best to emulate his noble qualities. Take action and implement it in everyday life. Both family life, religion and society.

Exemplifying the Behavior of the Prophet Muhammad in Everyday Life

1. A Great and Honest Merchant

At the age of 17-20 the Prophet Muhammad traded with an old merchant in Mecca. However, all of Muhammad’s associates and business partners acknowledge his business skills, honesty and professionalism in business.

At the peak of his success as an honest businessman, he won the trust of the Makkah congregation to set up a company, namely Siti Khadijah. The salary he received for carrying goods from Siti Khadijah was approximately four camels per month.

From the system of cooperation and business or the business model directed by the Prophet through a syirkah contract, namely the salary and profit sharing system (Mudharabah) with Siti Khadijah.

Sharia-based economic concepts were born, which are applied in the current business system. Indeed, the business idea of ​​the Prophet Muhammad was to avoid and stay away from usury.

The usury system in Islamic teachings is forbidden, even the Prophet and Allah Subhana wata’ala hated it. Because the usury system causes losses to one of the parties that binds a commercial contract or trading system.

2. Humility

Humility is a character trait that is very important for everyone to have, because this trait gives birth to various noble attitudes and reassures people’s lives. As conveyed by the Prophet Muhammad, he was always humble to anyone and never boasted even of his honor and privileges.

The words of the Prophet are explained in a hadith narrated by Bukhari as follows:

Based on the history of Umar ra, he said: “Rasulullah SAW said, ‘Do not flatter me (excessively) as the Christians have exaggeratedly praised Isa Ibn Maryam, because in fact I am only a servant. Therefore, call (me) a servant of Allah and His Messenger’.” (Narrated by Bukhari)

3. Noble Morals

Rasulullah SAW certainly has the most noble morals to be an example for his people. His noblest morals always included good opinions, he never did bad things, behaved harshly and never shouted.

Moreover, Rasulullah SAW never repaid the bad deeds that befell him to anyone. In fact, he wished those who had wronged him with good deeds.

As explained in the Hadith of Imam Ahmad from Abu Abdillah Al Jadal, he said: “I said to Aisha: “How did Rasulullah SAW treat his family?” Aisha replied: “He is the most commendable person in his morals. “The Messenger of Allah never did heinous, rude and never shouted in the middle of the market. He will not repay evil for evil. But he forgave and forgave the mean things directed at him personally.” (Narrated by Imam Ahmad)

4. The Prophet’s love for others

Prophet Muhammad’s love is seen from his very noble qualities. He is known to be gentle with his friends, forgiving them and asking Allah SWT for their sins and mistakes.

In addition, the prophet also knows children well. It is said that while the Prophet Muhammad was praying, he heard a small child crying and became worried about the child. Then the Prophet hastened his prayer knowing that his mother must be very worried about her crying child.

Based on a history from Anas bin Malik, the Prophet Muhammad SAW said: “Indeed I pray and intend to do it for a long time. But I heard the baby crying, so I rushed to finish the prayer. Because I know a mother must be very concerned about her child’s crying.” (HR Bukhari and Muslim)

5. The Character of the Prophet’s Moral Tolerance

The next characteristic of the Prophet that every Muslim must have is to always be tolerant. It is this trait that makes a person obedient to Allah SWT: As much as possible, for example, patience in facing trials or unpleasant events and the ability to accept them wholeheartedly.

As narrated by the Prophet Muhammad SAW in the hadith of Anas bin Malik in Bukhari and Muslim, he said: “I once walked with Rasulullah SAW, who at that time wore a turban from the Najran region with a thick head. Then someone from the village followed him, who caught up with him.

A villager pulled on his turban so hard that I saw a scar on the side of Nabi’s neck from the pulling force. Then the villagers said: “O Muhammad, give me the wealth of Allah that you have”, Rasulullah SAW turned and laughed. He ordered to give the man the treasure.” (HR Bukhari and Muslim)

6. The generosity of the Prophet Muhammad SAW

Prophet Muhammad is known for his greatness and generosity. Even when he has wealth, he always fights for it with Allah without demanding anything in return. His generosity is told in many hadiths, one of which is in the following hadith:

“The Messenger of Allah was visited by a man who asked him for something. So Rasulullah ordered to give a person a very large number of goats, the number of which is equal to the distance between two mountains. Finally the man returned to his people saying: “O my people, enter into Islam, because Muhammad will give you gifts so that you are no longer worried about poverty.” (HR. Muslim)

Conclusion

So a brief discussion about the exemplary Prophet Muhammad SAW. Not only discussing the history of the prophet Muhammad SAW, but also discussing what examples we can take from the story and character of a Prophet Muhammad SAW.

Reading and emulating the story and character of the Prophet Muhammad SAW teaches us to always do good and be a person of noble character and not demand good returns from our good deeds so as to avoid self-interest and ridicule.

This is a review of the example of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.

Lung Function – The lungs are important organs in the human body. Many tasks and functions that must be performed by the lungs. One of them is breathing. However, there are many other functions of the lungs. This article will discuss the meaning of the lungs, parts of the lungs, lung function and tips on maintaining lung health.

Definition of Lungs

The lungs are respiratory or respiratory organs in the body. The lungs are related to the respiratory system and circulation or circulation of blood. The lungs are in the bodies of vertebrates that breathe using air. The function of the lungs is to exchange oxygen from the inhaled air. From oxygen to carbon dioxide. The lungs are one of the organs that affect health. When lung function is disrupted, the body’s health will also be affected by the disorder.

Human lungs are two in number, or a pair. However, the right and left lungs have different characteristics from one another. For example, the adult right lung normally weighs about 375-600 grams. Meanwhile, the left lung of an adult usually weighs around 325-550 grams. The right lung has three lobes. Meanwhile, the left lung only has two lobes.

Parts of the Lungs

1. Pleura

The first part of the lungs is called the pleura. The pleura is a thin, double-layered membrane that lines the lungs. The lining that is in the respiratory system will secrete fluid. This fluid is pleural fluid or can be called serous fluid.

The function of the serous fluid is to lubricate the interior of the cavities in the lungs. This aims to keep the lungs from being irritated when they expand and contract during the breathing process.

The pleura in the lungs consists of two layers. First, the deep or visceral pleural layer. This layer is next to the lungs. Second, the outer layer or called the parietal. This layer is the layer that lines the chest wall. Meanwhile, the area between the two layers is called the pleural cavity.

2. Bronchus

The next section is the bronchi. Bronchus is a branch of the windpipe that is after the windpipe or trachea, and is before the lungs. Bronchus has a function to ensure that air enters properly, as an airway. The air is ensured to enter from the trachea to the alveoli. This part of the respiratory system functions to prevent bacterial infections. So it will not cause disease.

3. Bronchioles

The next section in the lungs is the bronchioles. Each main bronchus in the lungs divides or has branches. These branches into even smaller bronchi. The small bronchi have small glands and cartilage in their walls. These smaller bronchi will eventually divide into smaller tubes. These tubes are called bronchioles. Bronchioles are the smallest branches of the bronchi that do not have glands or cartilage in them.

Bronchioles are branches of the bronchi that function as air distributors. Air from the bronchi to the alveoli will be channeled through the bronchioles. In addition, the function of the bronchioles in the lungs is to control the amount of air. Air entering and leaving will be controlled when the breathing process is in progress.

4. Alveoli

Alveoli are the parts in the lungs. Alveoli are hollow cavities in the lungs surrounded by tiny capillaries. Alveoli function as a place where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. After oxygen is absorbed, blood will flow carbon dioxide to the alveoli to be exhaled. The exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries.

Lung Function

1. Respirator

The main function of the lungs is as a respiratory organ in the human body. The lungs have a major role in the process of carrying air. Air is carried from the atmosphere and flows into the bloodstream in the human body. After this process, air will flow throughout the body and work according to its function.

The function of the lungs in this case is to be responsible for adding oxygen. oxygen to and gives off a carbon dioxide that comes from the blood. Inside the pulmonary ventilation, air is inhaled through another part of the body. These body parts are the nasal and oral cavities, or from the nose and mouth.

After that the air will move towards the pharynx and larynx. Then it goes to the trachea and ends and processes in the lungs. The process will produce air and the air will be exhaled. This exhaled air will change, from oxygen to carbon dioxide. The air will return through the same path as the entry process earlier.

2. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

The next function of the lungs is as a place of exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide. In the lungs, oxygen that enters the body will be exchanged with carbon dioxide waste. The exchange will occur through a process in the lungs. This process is called external respiration.

These processes are part of the breathing process. This breathing process occurs through many microscopic sacs. The amount can reach hundreds of millions of bags. These microscopic sacs are known as alveoli. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses from the alveoli into the surrounding pulmonary capillaries.

This process binds to the hemoglobin molecule in the red blood cells. Then it will be pumped through the bloodstream. Meanwhile, deoxygenated carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses from the capillaries to the alveoli. Furthermore, it will be released through breathing.

3. Secretion of other substances

Excretion is a process of removing metabolic waste products and toxins in the human body. The next function of the lungs is the secretion of substances in the body. The lungs do not only work in the breathing process, but several other bodily functions. Substances that enter the body can be excreted through the lungs.

The function of the lungs as excretory organs is to carry out a disposal of waste substances from the human body. The residue is in the form of gas. The lungs are called excretory organs because they also produce waste products. The waste product of the body’s metabolism is carbon dioxide. Therefore, the lungs also have a function as excretory organs in the human body.

Substances such as alcohol, water and pharmacological agents can be absorbed properly then carried out the excretion process. The average exhaled water in one day is one liter of water. Anesthetic gases such as nitrous oxide and ether can be absorbed and also exhaled by the lungs.

4. Organs of metabolism

The next function of the lungs is for the body’s metabolic organs. The lungs are included in the metabolic organs. This is because the lungs are involved in the transformation, synthesis, storage and degradation of many other substances. Including fibrin, pulmonary surfactant and other molecules. The molecule also has a variety of other functions. Such as angiotensin, prostaglandin and histamine.

5. Protector of organs

Another important function of the lungs is to protect the other organs of the body. The organs of the body that are protected by the lungs, for example, are the liver. The day organ is an organ that is located under the two sides of the lungs. This allows the lungs to organ the liver. When experiencing a shock, the liver will be protected thanks to the lungs.

Another organ that gets protection from the lungs is the heart. The lungs can protect the heart. It occurs when the heart experiences a collision. The lungs will function as shock absorbers for the heart when the heart, when the body experiences an impact.

6. Infection protector 

The lungs also have other functions such as protecting against infection. This lung function is referred to as the ciliary escalator. The lungs will protect the body from infection that enters. The incoming infection is usually carried by air into the body. The infection can be bacteria or dust. The infection will later be trapped in the mucus layer that is on the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract.

One of the parts of the lungs that function to prevent infection is the bronchi. The bronchi will protect the human body from incoming infections carried by the air. This is because the bronchi have layers composed of various types of cells. One of them is a ciliated or hairy cell. This cell also has mucus. Inside these cells, the bacteria that enter will be trapped so they don’t get into the lungs.

7. Blood pH controller

The lungs can also function as a controller of blood pH in the human body. The lungs have an influence in regulating the levels of acids and bases in human blood. If the pH measurement of human blood is not balanced, it will have an impact on the disruption of the work of the organs of the human body.

However, things like that can be overcome by the lungs. Lungs that function and work properly, will make the blood pH normal. Normal blood pH in the human body ranges from 7.35 to 7.45.

The opposite will also happen if the lungs have problems. When the lungs are not functioning or running properly then it will interfere with this function. There will be respiratory alkalosis and respiratory acidosis. Such a condition is a condition where the pH of human blood is unbalanced.

8. Blood collection

The lungs also function as a place to collect blood. The amount of blood that is accommodated in the lungs is erratic. This is because it adapts to the conditions of the human body itself.

The function of the lungs as a blood reservoir is also useful when doing strenuous activities. For example, like exercising. When exercising, the lungs will help other organs, such as the heart. So that the work of the heart becomes more efficient.

9. Sound creation process

Structures in the upper respiratory tract of the human respiratory system can create sound. These sounds are known as phonations. During the breathing process, air will flow from the lungs to the larynx or “voice box”. When speaking, the muscles in the larynx move the arytenoid cartilages.

These arytenoid cartilages push the vocal cords together. When the male sound is pushed together, the air passing between it will make it vibrate. After that, a sound will appear.

Greater tension on the vocal cords will cause the vibrations to vibrate more rapidly. As a result of that will create a sound with a high pitch. Vice versa, the voltage tends to be lower will make the vibration slower. So the tone will be lower.

10. Supports the sense of smell

The lungs also function to support the sense of smell. The process of smell starts from the olfactory fibers that line the nasal cavities inside the nose. When air enters through these cavities, some of the chemicals in the air bind and activate the receptor system, the nerves in the cilia.

Stimulus or stimulus of this organism will send a signal to the brain. Then the neurons will pick up signals from the nasal cavity. The signal will be picked up through the hole in the ethmoid bone. After that it will go to the olfactory bulb. The signal then travels from the olfactory bulb, along the first cranial nerve. Towards the olfactory direction in the cerebral cortex.

Lung Health Tips

The human body does have an innate system for maintaining healthy lungs. However, there are several important things that must be considered and done to help maintain lung health. There are several things that can be done to help reduce the risk of lung disease or simply to relieve the symptoms. The following are some healthy things and tips that can be done to maintain lung health:

• No smoking . Smoking is the main cause of lung disease. Examples include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or lung cancer. Not only quitting smoking, it is better to stay away from cigarette smoke is something that needs to be done. Passive smokers who inhale cigarette smoke also have the same risk of disease as active smokers.
• Lots of hand washing . Wash your hands using soap and running water. Washing hands can avoid the risk of being infected with bacteria and viruses. Especially before eating, after eating and after defecating.
• Avoid air pollution . Air pollution can cause irritation to destroy tissue in the lungs. In fact, air pollution at low levels can also cause health problems.
• Sports routine . Try to exercise regularly. Doing physical activity, such as sports will maintain lung health. Do it regularly for at least 30 minutes a day. In addition, exercise will help manage stress and maintain emotional stability.

That’s some information about the lungs. For Sinaumed’s, don’t forget to maintain lung health, OK? Find health tips and other interesting information at www.sinaumedia.com . sinaumedia as #FriendsWithoutLimits will always provide interesting book recommendations for Sinaumed’s.

We can jump, walk, sit, think, breathe and grow thanks to cells, genes, organs, bones and muscles that carry out their respective functions harmoniously. When you take one step there are 54 muscles that move! In one day, our heart beats 10,000 times! Until now no one has been able to reveal the secrets of the human body perfectly. This book will discuss about the human body which consists of many parts.

Also read the   following articles related to “Lung Function” :

• Biochemistry and Biomolecules
• Human Respiratory System
• Movement System in Humans
• tissue in plants
• Great Circulatory System
• Small Circulatory System
• Cell
• Hormone System
• Evolution Theory
• Genetic Material
• Biotechnology
• Evolution
• Cell Reproduction
• Heredity

Author: Wida Kurniasih

Source: various sources

10 Free Blogging Platforms – The creation of the internet has created many spaces for interaction, one of which is a blogging platform. Blogs have succeeded in bringing together writers and readers from all over the world without any boundaries. This meeting between the author and the reader on a blogging platform has succeeded in creating a very lively ecosystem because it is very useful.

In the world of blogging, writers certainly have a strategy so that the writing they make can be read by many people. Of course, the more people who read an article from the author, the greater the chance for the writer to get success. However, not only that, choosing the right blogging platform for writing publications also greatly affects the success of the writer.

In the era of the internet which is developing very rapidly, there are lots of alternatives to choose a blogging platform and it can be used for free. Each free blogging platform offers its own features and advantages. Therefore, this article will explain the 10 free blogging platforms along with their uniqueness, advantages and disadvantages. This article was created with the aim that prospective blog writers can have sufficient information before plunging into having the required blogging platform.

A. 10 Free Blogging Platforms

Of the various free blogging platforms available, there are the 10 most popular free blogging platforms most frequently used by Indonesian people. The following is an explanation regarding the best types of free blogging platforms, including:

1.WordPress.com

Currently, WordPress.com is arguably the most popular free blogging platform in the world. WordPress itself provides two main types of services, namely WordPress.org and WordPress.com.

The free blogging platform that WordPress has is WordPress.com. With WordPress.com, writers can publish content very easily, not only that, WordPress.com can also load all types of content, from text, images, video, to audio.

To register, the author only needs to register on the website. With one registration, the WordPress.com blogging platform can be used directly using the WordPress web hosting server.

This blogging platform is also very flexible, because writers can use it to add various kinds of plugins, change themes, and even create their own custom themes. Apart from that, WordPress.com users can also be used to find hundreds or even thousands of themes from online stores, office applications, to the latest technology. However, some additional features like that can only be used by WordPress.org as a paid version of WordPress platform.

2.Medium

Medium is a blogging platform that can be used for free. This alternative blogging platform is the most popular blogging platform after WordPress. The Medium platform itself was originally developed by Evan Williams. He is the former CEO of Twitter and one of the developers of Blogger, along with Biz Stone.

Medium is a dedicated platform for writers, journalists and other experts. Medium is expected to be a place for them to provide their thoughts in the form of essays or opinions. Uniquely, articles in the form of listicles in the form of news containing facts are less desirable on this blogging platform.

Since 2012, Medium has been used by many writers to share their essays or opinions. A clean, minimalist but attractive appearance makes people comfortable using this platform. In addition to a comfortable display, Medium also rejects various types of advertising and product promotions. This free blogging platform has the notion that advertising and endorsement activities make the world of content just a field for selling.

So, instead, Medium provides a Medium Partner Program for users who want to make money. This program with Medium is a form of medium attention to writers by providing incentives based on the length of time readers enjoy articles and the number of applause that users give for articles.

3. Tumblr

Tumblr is a free blogging platform that has a work system similar to Twitter. When users upload content, followers of these users can give love as a sign of liking, reblog or re-upload or distribute to other platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. In no time, a follower of a Tumblr blog will get content subscriptions on their Dashboard.

Some time ago, this free blogging platform had caused controversy after the Ministry of Communication and Information decided to block Tumblr. This blocking was allegedly because Tumblr was considered that some of the content that was distributed had violated the law. Tumblr has actually been blocked twice, namely in 2016 to 2019. However, now Tumblr is normally accessed as usual again.

The concept of Tumblr can actually be said to be Twitter in the form of a blog, but it’s not the same. Tumblr allows users to create seven different types of content. Like other blog platforms, Tumblr really supports uploading text content, photos, images, videos, to audio. Not only that, Tumblr also has an attractive appearance, especially for content such as quotes, links, and chat-like conversations. This attractive visual is what makes this free blogging platform very popular and liked by some bloggers.

4. Wattpad

Wattpad is a blogging platform created for fiction writers. Wattpad actually has the same characteristics as social media, but this platform is specifically for fictional stories. On Wattpad, account owners can exchange comments, create networks, and develop their own writing skills and abilities. In fact, there is a special writing competition on Wattpad.
In addition, Wattpad also provides opportunities for novice writers so that their work can meet with book publishers, film production houses, and even many works of fiction from Wattpad have been featured in TV series or web series.

However, like using social media, Wattpad requires its users to be smart in strategizing so that many people can read their writing. Authors on this blogging platform are required to always be productive in publishing their latest work. In addition, writers are also encouraged to use hashtags that are in accordance with what is trending, are active in the author’s community, and are active in promoting on other channels and social media. The goal is to encourage a large number of readers to open the author’s writings on Wattpad.

5. Wix

Wix is ​​a solution for everyone who wants to get a website with a very attractive and artistic appearance. In this free blogging platform, users are not required to fully understand what coding or website settings are technically. Wix users only need to have an artistic taste in styling their website or blog. The rest, the task of optimizing the website has been taken over by Wix.

In using Wix, users only need to design by dragging and dropping. In some cases, Wix only needs to provide a name and checkmark customization. Not only that, Wix also provides the Wix Artificial Design Intelligence feature or abbreviated as Wix ADI. With the Wix ADI blogging feature, users only need to give a tick in a kind of questionnaire provided by Wix ADI. After that, Wix ADI will automatically carry out the commands that the user has given in the questionnaire.

Apart from Wix ADI, Wix also provides hundreds of professional templates that are different from other blogging platforms. Like other website developer platforms, Wix also offers additional applications that users can use to run applications as needed, such as social media to online stores.

Wix itself is here to challenge other website builders. Wix offers offers for website development from very simple for new users to very complex website development for users who are used to website development. Until now, Wix has been used by more than 125 million users worldwide.

6. Bloggers

This free blogging platform is certainly very familiar to internet users. Blogger was the first popular blogging platform at a time when Google was fairly accessible. Blogger was recorded as having existed in 2003 which was developed by Google through Pyra Labs. In general, bloggers are accessed using the blogspot.com domain address.

As a free blogging platform from Google, Blogger has many features that are integrated directly with applications or services from Google. At least Blogger users can make a profit from the Adwords, Adsense, and Google Analytics features in it.

In addition, the guarantee of security and convenience provided as part of Google is a positive value for this blogging platform. Blogger users will automatically be given an SSL certificate on their blog. This certificate will be useful to always ensure the security of the blog and prevent the blog from hacking attempts.

The development of this website platform is also relatively easy. The navigation features provided have been arranged to make it easier for users who have never even opened a blog. Not only that, Blogger also provides a custom domain feature that can be used to create websites, it’s just that this feature is paid.

7. Penzu

With the slogan “Your Private Online Journal”, Penzu.com offers a free blogging platform to share journals with a high level of security. Penzu can also keep user journals safe with double password protection and very strong military encryption. Penzu uses this high level of security to ensure that what users enter is safe in the Penzu Vault.

Not only that, the flexibility offered by Penzu is also an attraction in itself, including the three types of blogs offered: Daily Diary (public), Expressive Journal (private), and Travel Journal.

8. Webs

Webs.com is a website that is quite easy to use in building attractive sites. Users can make adjustments to the appearance of the browser-based interface simply by dragging and dropping elements to adjust the page. This platform is perfect for users who want to create a professional website like a company profile. Apart from creating websites such as company profiles, users can also create various types of websites according to their respective goals and uses.

9. Weebly

Weebly or Weebly.com is a free blogging platform that has many features to help users compile and build websites quickly; without the need for coding techniques. Weebly focuses on website builders, this is what makes it very easy for users to be able to create personal, business, blog, portfolio and event websites. Weebly also provides a variety of themes that can be used directly without having to build from scratch.

Weebly.com itself offers an offer in the form of website development with drag and drop only. Much like Wix, users can easily customize the look without having to deal with lines of code. In fact, Weebly provides more than 200 excellent quality applications to make website development simpler. These applications include scheduling, live chat, accounting and so on.

10. Ghosts

Finally, this free blogging platform was founded by John O’Nolan in 2013. Ghost can be a solution for users who are still confused about which platform to jump on. This free blogging platform is a new open source platform and might be able to compete with WordPress and Blogger. That’s because Ghost is written using the JavaScript programming language.

One of the advantages of the Ghost blogging platform which is very interesting is its navigation feature. This navigation feature can be easily understood even by novice blog users. In addition, because it is written using the JavaScript programming language, Ghost has a very fast access time.

B. Conclusion

There are many free blogging platforms that can be a means of spreading user writing easily and for free. In addition to offering convenience and cheapness, the blog provider also provides a variety of themes and an increasingly attractive appearance so that it is not boring for visitors to read the articles in it. Users can also use several platforms at once to spread the writings or content they want to write.

Book Recommendations & Related Articles

The Fastest Animals In The World – Based on research by scientists, the maximum human running speed is 40 miles/hour or about 64 kilometers/hour. However, this speed is actually far behind the speed of several types of animals that are classified as the fastest animals in the world below.

The fastest animal in the world that we live in is an animal that moves with its wings, namely the Peregrine Falcon, which can fly at a speed of 389 kilometers/hour. The fastest moving animal on land is the cheetah, which can run up to 120 kilometers per hour. The animal that moves with the fastest fins is the sailing fish with a swimming speed of up to 110 km/hour.

Some animals are truly surprising because they have special powers, like these 10 animals that are touted as the fastest animals in the world. Some fly in the air, some swim in the water, or run on land, the speed of these animals is unmatched by anyone.

10 Fastest Animals In The World

Here are 10 of the fastest animals in the world that you should know!

1. European rabbit

The world’s first fastest animal, the European Hare ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) is the only lagomorph species to have been domesticated by humans. European rabbits live easily in large social groups, while American cottontail rabbits do not. The less social nature of the American cottontail rabbit combined with the greater species diversity created a situation in which rabbit farming did not lead to domestication, or to domestication.

European and American rabbits are similar in all criteria except social behavior. European rabbits live in underground family burrows called warrens of up to 20 individuals including the male, which defend their breeding territory from other males. Warrens make it easy for people to find and manage wild rabbit populations, then mimic the conditions in captivity, where rabbits reproduce easily.

The European hare, also known as the brown hare, is a species of rabbit native to Europe and parts of Asia. Its hind legs allow it to run at a speed of 77 kilometers per hour, on par with their predator, the red fox.

2. Wildebeest

The second fastest animal in the world, Wildebeest ( Connochaetes ) is one of the herbivorous mammals belonging to the Bovidae family which is spread across the savanna in the interior of Africa. Animals that are still closely related to goats consist of two species, namely the blue wildebeest ( Connochaetes taurinus ) and the black wildebeest ( Connochaetes gnou ), all of which are endemic to the African continent.

The blue wildebeest is larger, up to 2.4 meters in length and 290 kilograms in weight. They are also called common wildebeest because they are a more common species. While the black wildebeest grows up to about 2.2 meters and weighs up to 180 kilograms. As the name implies, the black wildebeest is dark gray to black. While the blue wildebeest is actually bluish gray or sometimes brownish gray.

Both species have quite large horns, up to 78 centimeters in length. This animal has a running speed of 80 kilometers / hour like the maximum speed of a lion. Due to their large population, they are not classified as endangered animals. Live Science says that the black wildebeest population continues to grow, while the blue wildebeest population tends to be stable.

The wildebeest are known for the large annual migration they make in search of new, greener areas which falls between July and August. At that time, more than one million wildebeest crossed the Serengeti savanna on the Tanzania-Kenya border to cross crocodile-infested rivers.

3. Sailfish

The third fastest animal in the world, sailing fish are two types of fish in the genus Istiophorus that live in the warm waters of the world’s oceans. Most are blue-gray and have an erect dorsal fin similar to the sails of a ship. Another notable feature is the elongated snout, resembling that of a swordfish. This fish is the fastest fish, can swim up to speeds of 110 kilometers / hour.

The dorsal fin is usually folded while swimming, but can rise when the sailfish feels threatened or excited, making it appear larger than it is. This tactic can also be observed during feeding, when schools of sailfish use their sails to “herd” schools of fish or squid. This fish can change its body to light blue with yellow stripes to confuse prey and signal to other sailing fish.

4. Pronghorn Antelope

The fourth fastest animal in the world, the Pronghorn or pronghorn antelope is an antelope-like animal that lives in North America. In fact, the pronghorn is often referred to as the American antelope. There are four subspecies of pronghorn which can be found in Mexico, Arizona, throughout the Great Plains, and in Canada. The pronghorn inhabits open grasslands and deserts. They can survive at altitudes of up to 3,300 meters.

The main factors reducing the number of pronghorns in the wild are habitat loss, hunting, and artificial fences for livestock (which disrupt their natural migration routes). The Mexican pronghorn population is critically endangered (may disappear from the wild in the near future).

The pronghorn is usually about 90 centimeters tall and 90 to 150 centimeters long. They can weigh up to 40 to 70 kilograms. The male pronghorn is heavier than the female. The pronghorn is reddish brown. They have a white belly and white stripes on the throat. The white hairs that stand up on the rump area are used to alert other group members of potential danger. This distinctive patch of white fur can be seen from many kilometers away.

The pronghorn can change the position of the hair on its skin. Upright bristles promote air circulation near the skin and dissipate excess body heat in hot weather. On cold nights, their fur lays flat close to their bodies to prevent loss of body heat.

Pronghorn has horns curved backwards. Males have horns up to 25 centimeters long with forward-oriented prongs. Females have horns up to 12 centimeters long without branches. The pronghorn horn has a bony base covered with a layer of keratin and hair which sheds annually after the breeding season.

The pronghorn is active during the day and at night. Pronghorns are herbivores (plant eaters). Their diet includes various types of grass, bushes and cacti. Pronghorns absorb water from the food they eat. The pronghorn returns food from the stomach back to the mouth and chews it several times before it is ready to be fed into the digestive tract.

The pronghorn is the second fastest land animal (the cheetah is the fastest). They can reach speeds of 85 kilometers per hour and run 2.5 kilometers without slowing down. The main predators of the pronghorn are coyotes, bobcats and wolves.

The pronghorn is a migratory animal. They travel long distances (270 km) during seasonal migration every year. Males and females live in large herds (about 1000 animals) during the winter period. During summer and spring, males and females live in separate herds.

The mating season lasts during autumn. Males collect females (forming harems) in their territories and defend them aggressively from other males. The female gives birth to one or two babies in the spring. Babies remain with their mothers until they reach one year of age. Young pronghorns reach sexual maturity at 16 months of age. Pronghorns can survive 7 to 10 years in the wild and 12 years in captivity.

5. Ostriches

The ostrich is the largest living bird. Up to 2.5 meters (8 feet) in height, it is large enough to reach an adult on their small body and has been used in parts of North Africa and Arabia as a race animal. These birds cannot fly and belong to a less well-known primitive group, the ratites ( Palaeognaths ). Its scientific name is Struthio camelus .

Ostriches are native to the savannas and desert parts of Africa north and south of the equatorial forest zone. The species found in the Middle East, namely Struthio camelus syriacus has disappeared. Ostriches are farmed in various parts of the world for their feathers as decoration. The skin is used to produce textiles and the meat is sold commercially.

According to popular belief, ostriches are famous for hiding their heads in the ground when faced with danger. This behavior has never been recorded or seen, although ostriches have been known to lower their heads and necks to the ground to protect themselves if predators approach. When threatened, ostriches are able to seriously injure their predators with a kick from their powerful legs.

Other members of the Palaeognaths group include the rea, emus, cassowary as well as the largest known but now extinct bird, Aepyornis. Ostriches are warm-blooded animals, have wings and bodies covered with feathers. Their feathers do not function as air cymbals, but were once popular as decorations on millinery and so on. Its beak is toothless and sharp.

This bird is characterized by its long neck and legs, and can run up to speeds of 70 kilometers/hour and is the fastest among other birds. Ostriches are known for their social nesting, where several female birds will lay eggs in one nest, for the female to incubate during the day and the male at night. Ostrich eggs are the largest eggs of all living birds.

6. Cheetah

Citah (Sanskrit: chitraka , meaning “spotted”, English: cheetah , Latin: Acinonyx jubatus ) is a member of the cat family (Felidae) that hunts prey using speed and not sneaky or flocking tactics. This animal is the fastest animal among land animals and can reach speeds of 110 kilometers/hour in a short time to 460 m, with an acceleration of 0-100 kilometers/hour in 3.5 seconds, faster than some racing cars.

It is said that for many years the cheetah was only known as a ghost story. According to the story, this large predatory animal with tiger-like stripes on its body often carried away people who were on the border of Mozambique. Residents there often give the nickname cheetah with “magwa”.

Cheetahs are also known as the most efficient predators on earth. Chases and pounces on prey only when it is within reach. This animal is classified as smart with its ability to detect the weakest animal. He dropped the victim not by pounced like a lion or tiger, but a small touch on the back leg of the victim who was running fast. When the victim fell, the cheetah then pounced on the nape of the victim and then grabbed him until he ran out of blood.

Even though he is known as a fearsome hunter in the African desert, the fact is that only 40% to 50% of his hunting activities are fruitful. There was a myth that the heat was the reason why the cheetah failed to hunt. However, recent studies have shown that cheetahs that start eating their prey immediately after successful hunting experience a two-fold increase in body temperature compared to cheetahs that stop hunting activities.

In 1975, five subspecies were considered as valid taxa, namely A. j. Hecki, A.J. Jubatus, A.J. raineyi, A.j. soemmeringii , and A.j. venaticus . In 2011, a phylogeographical study found minimal genetic variation between A. j. Jubatus and A.J. raineyi , so only four subspecies have been identified. In 2017, the IUCN Cat Specialist Group’s Classification Task Force revised the taxonomy of felids and declared these four subspecies valid.

7. Spur-winged goose

The spur-winged goose is a large bird in the Anatidae family that can fly at a speed of 141.6 kilometers/hour. This goose generally has black fur and has white patches on its face and wings.

8. Frigatebird (Frigatebird)

The frigatebirds are a family (Fregatidae) of seabirds found throughout the tropical and subtropical oceans. The five living bird species are classified into one genus, namely Fregata. All of these birds have prominent black plumage, a long forked tail and a long hooked bill.

The female has a white belly while the male has a special red gular (throat) skin, which is usually puffed up during the breeding season to attract the female. The bird’s wings are long and pointed and can span up to 23 meters (75 ft), which is the largest ratio of wing area to body weight of any bird. With a large wingspan, this bird can fly at a speed of 153 kilometers/hour. Amazingly, the frigate bird can even fly high for a week.

9. Asian needle capinis ( Hirundapus caudacutus )

The Asian needle capinis ( Hirundapus caudacutus ) is a species of bird in the family Apodidae, of the genus Hirundapus. This bird is a type of small insect-eating bird that has habitat in forests, open forests.

Asian needle-pins have a large body (20 centimeters). Blackish body, brownish back, silvery whitish “saddle”, sharply demarcated white chin and throat, white undertail coverts, white speckled sides of neck, and white patch of tertiary feathers. The irises are dark brown, while the beak and legs are black.

This bird is a type of small insect-eating bird that has a habitat in open forest. In addition, the bird flies over the ridges or mountain peaks. Flying with the flow of hot air on his body. This bird can be recorded as flying at a speed of 171 kilometers / hour.

Breeding distribution is in northern Asia, China and the Himalayas, while migratory distribution includes Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand.

10. Crater falcon ( Peregrine falcon )

The crater kestrel or Peregrine falcon is a large species of kestrel, with a length of about 50 centimeters. The Peregrine Falcon is the fastest animal in the world. Its speed can reach 389 km / hour. The breeding grounds of the kestrel kestrel cover the land area from the tundra to the tropics. Kestrels can be found almost everywhere on earth, except for the extreme polar regions, very high mountains, and most of the tropical rain forests. This makes it one of the most widely distributed predators in the world and also one of the most common bird species.

The kestrel kestrel is a very successful example of urban wildlife. These birds take advantage of tall buildings as nesting sites and many prey items such as pigeons and ducks. Both the English and scientific names for this species have the same meaning, namely “wandering eagle”, referring to its migratory habits.

Experts identify 17 to 19 varying subspecies based on appearance and range: disagreement over whether the Barbary Eagle is represented by two subspecies of Falco peregrinus , or a separate species, F. pelegrinoides . The difference between the two species is relatively recent, namely during the last ice age. Therefore, the genetic differences between them (as well as the differences in their appearance) are relatively small. Only about 0.6-0.8% are genetically differentiated.

So, that’s a brief explanation of the fastest animals in the world that live on land, water and air. Sinaumed’s can visit sinaumedia’s book collection at www.sinaumedia.com to get references about other animals. The following is a recommendation for sinaumedia books that Sinaumed’s can read to learn about the most dangerous animals in the world so they can fully understand them. Happy reading.

Find other interesting things at www.sinaumedia.com . sinaumedia as #FriendsWithoutLimits will always present interesting articles and recommendations for the best books for Sinaumed’s.

• Characteristics of Animals and Their Habitats to Get Closer to Nature
• Examples of Invertebrates: Definition, General Characteristics, Classification, and Their Names
• Oviparous Animals: Definition, Types, and Examples
• Ovoviviparous Animals: Definition, Characteristics, and Examples
• Definition, Characteristics, and Examples of Carnivores (Meat Eaters)
• Definition of Reptiles: Characteristics and Examples

Factors Affecting National Income – National income is the total value of a country’s final output of all new goods and services produced within one year. Meanwhile, the recording of national income is a bookkeeping system used by the government to measure the level of country’s economic activity in a certain period of time.

Indonesian Economic Classification

According to ISIC or the International Standard Industrial Classification, the Indonesian economy can be divided into several sectors or business fields which are then divided into three groups. The following is the classification of the Indonesian economy according to ISIC.

1. Primary Sector

The first sector, namely the primary sector includes all the basic needs of the Indonesian people in general, such as clothing, boards and food. This primary sector consists of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, mining, quarrying and fisheries.

2. Secondary sector

The second sector is a sector that still contains human needs in their daily life even though they are not included in their basic needs. The secondary sector consists of the water treatment, electricity and gas industries.

3. Tertiary sector

The third sector is a sector that contains various kinds of things that are not included in basic necessities or can even be categorized as luxuries in everyday life. The tertiary sector consists of hotels, restaurants, telecommunications, transportation and other services. Where with the current technological advances there is a change in economic activities that are more digital based. Learn about this in the book Digital-Based Economic Transformation in Indonesia below.

Several Factors Affecting National Income

You need to know that there are several factors that can affect the national income of a country, here are the factors that affect national income that the author has summarized.

1. Quality of Human Resources (HR)

Countries with high quality human resources certainly have a tendency to have high national income as well. For example, like Japan, Japan is a developed country which is known to have high quality human resources. This is judged by the small potential of Natural Resources (SDA) that Japan has, but is able to generate a national income that is higher than Indonesia, even though Indonesia has a lot of human resources. as well as wealth, the quality factor of human resources is the most important factor that can determine the increase or decrease in national income of a country.

Therefore, it is very important for a country to manage human resources in it. As discussed in the Human Resource Management book, Creating HR Competency-Based Competitive Advantage.

2. The people of the country have high knowledge or knowledge.

The people or human resources of the country have a good work ethic, such as being disciplined, diligent, honest, punctual and so on.
The people of the country have a good level of skills. Human resources from these countries master the fields of technology and information, such as the internet, computers and biotechnology.

With this globalization, there are challenges related to HR management, where every organization is required to have quality and highly competitive human resources according to the book Corporate HR Development and Training.

3. Potential Natural Resources (SDA)

Countries with abundant natural resource potential, if managed properly, will generate high national income. Like Indonesia, which has abundant natural resources and is known to be rich in natural resources, but has not succeeded in managing these natural resources properly, Indonesia’s national income sources with Japan are far behind, due to Indonesia’s failure to manage natural resources well, even though compared to Japan, which does not have There are a lot of natural resources.

4. Amount of Capital Used

If a country has sufficient capital to manage the available natural resources or SDA, of course the country’s national income will increase. And vice versa, if a country does not have enough capital or lacks capital, then the country’s national income will not be optimal. Generally, if a country experiences a shortage of capital, then the country will invite investors to invest their capital, usually foreign investors invest in the form of establishing companies. Countries with the aim of investing by foreign investors generally have the following conditions.

• The country has adequate natural resources.
• The country has guaranteed domestic security.
• The country has favorable labor laws.
• The country that is the destination of the investment is preferable if it has a low-paid workforce.
• The country has a strong and good or stable government.
• The country has law enforcement that runs smoothly.
• The country has a bureaucracy that is not long-winded in foreign investment.

Learn various other applicable economic laws in Indonesia in the development of information technology that currently exists through the book An Introduction to Indonesian Economic Law.

5. Level of Technology Used

The level of technology of a country can affect the national income of that country. if the country has simple technology, the amount of goods and services that will be produced is relatively less and vice versa. If the country has a high or modern level of technology, the amount of services and goods produced will be greater.

6. Security Stability

Countries with poor security stability will affect the achievement of national income from a country. For example, if there are frequent riots, violent demonstrations, terrorism and even bomb explosions it will result in a reduction in the achievement of the country’s national income, and vice versa. If the country’s security stability is good, it will encourage the country’s economic activities so that the total national income increases.

7. Government Policy

This sixth factor has an influence on the achievement of a country’s national income. If the country has an authoritative, clean and quality government, the government of the country will certainly make the right policies, both in the economic and political fields. Appropriate policies accompanied by responsible implementation will affect the increase in a country’s national income.

Every political-economic problem that exists in Indonesia is very complex, where every economic activity cannot be separated from the influence of domestic and foreign political dynamics. It is important to discuss these dynamics, bearing in mind the attachment between agents, be it the state, market, society, or international offices, which influence one another. Sinaumed’s can find the discussion in the Indonesian Political Economy book below.

8. Geographical and Geological Conditions

Countries with certain geographical and geological locations will have a risk of experiencing natural disasters which are likely to recur every year. Natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, typhoons or tsunamis that occur repeatedly will damage the existing infrastructure and facilities in the country. these damages will have an impact on reducing the achievement of national income.

And vice versa, if a country is in a good geographic and geological location and is rarely hit by natural disasters, then this will certainly be very profitable. Because there will be no damage caused by the natural disaster, and the people can live in peace without feeling anxious. This will result in increasing national income and reducing spending through the national income fund.

9, Consumption, Savings and Investment

Consumption is spending on goods and services by households that have the goal of consumption. While investment is inventory controlled by several units that produce and have the purpose of being used in further processing such as selling or giving to other parties or used in other ways.

If you look at the special spending approach for a closed and simple economy, an economy that does not yet involve relations with parties from abroad such as exports and imports and does not involve government activities, then the country’s national income only consists of consumption and savings (S).

10. Aggregate Demand and Supply

Aggregate demand is a list of all goods and services that have various price levels which will then be purchased by various economic sectors. Meanwhile, aggregate supply has a function to show the relationship between all goods and services offered at a price level that has been offered by the company.

National income is one of the materials that you are likely to encounter if you are majoring in social studies or majoring in economics. In addition, knowledge of national income can increase our awareness as citizens of a country to participate in maintaining the potential that exists in our country, such as its natural and human resources, because you already know several factors that can increase or influence the national income of the country that is we live. Let’s maintain and improve quality so that Indonesia becomes a developed country like Japan. Happy reading, happy learning!

Also read the following articles:

• Understanding the Differences in Economic Development and Economic Growth
• Definition of Macroeconomics: Purpose, Scope, Policy, and Its Application in Indonesia
• Microeconomics: Definition, Scope, Theory, Examples of Policies and the Differences with Microeconomics

Factors Causing Diversity in Indonesia – Diversity is inherent in Indonesian society. It is not without reason that Indonesia has various customs, ethnicities, cultures and languages ​​as its own characteristics and characteristics for Indonesian people. Even though they are different, the Indonesian people are still trying to maintain the existing diversity and live side by side in harmony and peace.

The diversity that characterizes Indonesian society is influenced by many factors. Factors causing the diversity of Indonesian society are influenced by strategic location, islands, natural conditions, as well as transportation and communication factors.

Not only that, attitudes towards changes in values ​​and culture are one of the factors causing the diversity of Indonesian society. Unsurprisingly, these different factors created a pluralistic Indonesian nation with its own uniqueness.

Therefore, it is important for Indonesian people to better understand its diversity. With this knowledge, it is hoped that the whole community will be able to respect and value differences more, so that their sense of tolerance will become stronger. This tolerant attitude eventually becomes a reference for all differences in society. Even though they are different, the people of Indonesia can unite to become a peaceful and prosperous nation.

Cultural policy in the context of national integration on the other hand does not mean that it has never been known in the political map of the archipelago. This is because the Dutch East Indies colonial government, when strengthening its power in the archipelago in the past, placed all positions in the most vulnerable areas in their eyes to experts who knew about local society and culture to deal with political and social issues without causing armed rebellion which it will be expensive to destroy.

Indonesian society is very heterogeneous and pluralistic. Therefore, for socio-cultural integration, the elements require values ​​as a collective goal orientation for interactions between elements. In this connection, national ideology, nationalism values, and national culture have a strategic function. The values ​​contained therein can replace traditional and primordial values ​​that are irrelevant to the new society.

Thus, the value of nationalism has a double value, that is, in addition to increasing national integration, it also functions to overcome the effects of capitalism and globalization and can overcome all obstacles to primordial ties. Primordialism and ethnocentrism cannot be simply erased, but they need to be developed into a national identity.

There are three ways that are always offered to strengthen the sense of Indonesian nationalism as an effort to avoid national disintegration, so that the values ​​of Pancasila can be realized, namely: conducting continuous socialization of Indonesian nationalism, increasing economic development, and eliminating discrimination against minority groups.

If you think about integration and nationalism are interrelated. Integration contributes to nationalism and nationalism supports national integration. Therefore, national integration must be continuously fostered and strengthened from time to time. Failure to foster integration can lead to conflict and disintegration of the nation.

National integration is usually associated with national development because a pluralistic Indonesian society is needed to foster a sense of unity and oneness so that national development is not constrained. In this case, the key words that must be considered are maintaining society in a state of harmony and helping each other or in the cross-SARA corridor.

Integration reminds that there is a force that moves each individual to live together as a nation. With strong integration, which is reflected in a sense of love, pride, respect and loyalty to the country, the ideals of nationalism can be realized.

In national integration, people are motivated to be loyal to the state and nation. It contains the aspiration to unite the people to overcome SARA through integral development. Solid national integration will facilitate national development and successful development will have a positive impact on the state and nation as a manifestation of nationalism.

With the success of development as a form of nationalism, conflicts that lead to division or disintegration can be overcome because national integration requires awareness to live together in creating a harmonious society.

The Definition of Cultural Diversity in Indonesia

Cultural diversity is one of the uniqueness that exists on this earth with various ethnic groups that exist throughout the world and the diversity of Indonesian culture. We as citizens of Indonesia cannot deny that the existence of the Indonesian state alone has produced immeasurable diversity starting from the diversity of races, ethnicities and languages.

This diversity has produced the best forms of Indonesian culture, such as traditional houses, traditional ceremonies, traditional clothes, traditional dances, musical instruments and regional songs, traditional weapons, and even various special foods.

Basically, the diversity of Indonesian culture comes from various local cultures that grow and develop in society. The emergence of cultural diversity is the result of visible and widespread influences in society to create culture itself.

From time to time the development of culture has a role and function as a reinforcement of the national spirit. This is because local culture contains social values ​​that must be applied by every Indonesian society.

Factors Causing Diversity in Indonesia

“Bhineka Tunggal Ika”, which means “Different, but still one”. This is a motto that is highly respected by the people of Indonesia. This motto shows that even though the Indonesian nation has various cultures, ethnicities, races, languages ​​and religions, this nation still adheres to the principle of unity and oneness. So what are the factors that cause diversity in Indonesia? Let’s see the explanation!

1. Strategic Location

The first factor causing the diversity of Indonesian society is of course the difference in strategic location. It is said that Indonesia is flanked by two oceans and continents, namely the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, as well as the Asian Continent and the Australian Continent.

Because of its strategic location, it is not surprising that Indonesia is involved in other countries’ trade routes. Foreign traders who arrived in Indonesia brought with them different languages ​​and cultures. The arrival of this new language and culture was adapted and developed in Indonesia.

2. Natural Conditions

The next factor that causes the diversity of Indonesian society is natural conditions. Because Indonesia consists of islands, it is not surprising that each island in Indonesia has different natural conditions. These natural conditions then form certain customs in society.

For example, the majority of coastal residents work as fishermen, with the sea as their economic source. At the same time, people who live in the highlands certainly use more land to produce food that can be consumed or sold, from this example there is already a difference. It is not wrong if natural conditions are an important factor in shaping Indonesia’s diversity.

3. Shape of Islands

The next factor that causes the diversity of Indonesian society is the archipelagic nation. As you know, Indonesia is a country consisting of several islands. Human habitat is not only the big islands, but also the small islands that surround them.

Each of these islands has and develops a different culture. Starting from the language, customs, to the values ​​shared by the people of each region. Not surprisingly, every island in Indonesia has its own characteristics and uniqueness that distinguish it from other islands.

4. Transportation and Communication

Transportation and communication are also one of the factors causing the diversity of Indonesian society. First, each region in Indonesia develops its own language. Even the language spoken on an island can have many differences. However, Indonesian as the national language brings together differences in Indonesian language communication.

Though transportation also has a significant impact on diversity in Indonesia. The easier transportation in Indonesia is, the more assisted people’s mobility is, which in turn makes public communication easier and smoother. On the other hand, the dissemination and development of culture becomes even more difficult when transportation and communication are limited.

5. History

The fifth factor that causes the diversity of Indonesian society is history. Historically, Indonesia has been a colony of many foreign nations. Starting with the Netherlands, England, Japan, Portugal and Spain. In its time, every foreign nation that came and settled in Indonesia brought with them their original values ​​and culture, which were then developed in Indonesia.

Indirectly, the Indonesian people began to accept and follow the values ​​and culture of the colonial era. But not for values ​​and culture that conflict with the basic rights of the judiciary and the Indonesian state. That is, historical factors greatly influence the development of Indonesian culture, but not all foreign cultures can survive and deserve to be adopted by Indonesian people.

6. Attitudes towards Change

The next factor that causes the diversity of Indonesian society is the attitude towards change. In this case, Indonesians are very open to the differences in values ​​and culture brought by foreigners who come to Indonesia. It turns out that many languages, cultures, values ​​and even religions brought by foreign traders and fishermen are well accepted and assimilated in Indonesia.

This acceptance is certainly in line with the core values ​​of the Indonesian nation. As long as it does not conflict with Pancasila which is the basis of the state, then all related cultural currents and values ​​can be accepted. However, this also depends on the open attitude of society.

7. Climatic Conditions

In general, Indonesia has a tropical climate. However, whether you realize it or not, there are several areas in the vast territory of Indonesia that have slightly different climatic conditions. For example, western Indonesia tends to have a long and regular rainy season compared to eastern Indonesia, which has a longer dry season. These differences also greatly affect the actions and habits of the Indonesian people.

8. Racial Diversity

One of the diversity of Indonesia is the diversity of races. Yes, Indonesia is indeed a multi-ethnic country. Some of the races in Indonesia include the Malayo-Mongoloid race which is spread across Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Java and Bali. Melanesoid race spreads to Papua, NTT and Maluku.

Apart from immigrants such as Caucasians, namely India, the Middle East, Australia, Europe and America. And Asian Mongoloid races such as Chinese, Korean, and Japanese. Every race that lives and resides in Indonesia produces its own culture. In fact, it is not uncommon for cultural acculturation to occur which makes Indonesian culture more diverse. Therefore, race is one of the factors that creates diversity in Indonesian society.

9. Religion

The diversity of Indonesian society is also reflected in the differences in the religions adopted and adhered to by the people. In fact, because of this diversity, Indonesia is known as a country with many religious adherents. Of course we all understand that every religion has its own set of values ​​which are often reflected in the daily behavior of its adherents. In addition, the harmonious and tolerant life of religious communities gives its own color to Indonesia’s diversity.

10. Foreign Cultural Influence

Factors causing the diversity of Indonesian society are not only internal, but can also be influenced from the outside. It is even believed that foreign cultural influences can accelerate the process of change and add value to diversity. Apparently Indonesians have been practicing a culture that is different from the local culture with foreigners until now. For example, Javanese Islamic culture is influenced by Arabic culture.

Examples of Cultural Diversity in Indonesia

1. Traditional Clothing

Traditional clothing is a hallmark of several Indonesian ethnic groups. Generally, traditional clothing is worn in connection with traditional ceremonies, such as weddings, where regional customs are applied. This diversity of Indonesian culture has been preserved and the rapid development of fashion or modern clothing. In fact, some members of the current generation are modifying traditional clothing to look trendy, even when worn at informal events.

Indonesian traditional clothing has become a symbol in every region. Of course, each province has the characteristics of traditional clothing as a form of regional uniqueness. The colors and patterns of Indonesian traditional clothing vary from light to dark color combinations. In addition, traditional clothing from each region in Indonesia has its own name.

2. Language

Language is a human communication tool in the form of a sound symbol system originating from the human speech organ or mouth. Language is also a tool that connects humans. The role of language in human life is very large, almost all human actions require language. Language can help obtain information, expand knowledge and communicate.

There are so many kinds of languages ​​in this world, only in Indonesia there are 718 kinds of languages. Even though there are many types, the function and purpose of language remains the same, namely as a means of communication. The diversity of the Indonesian language is caused by differences in cultural background, history and geographical location of Indonesia. Because Indonesia is an archipelagic country consisting of many tribes, provinces and regions, Indonesia has many regional languages.

3. Traditional House

A traditional traditional house is a building or structure that is deliberately built and made exactly the same for each generation without modification. Traditional houses are still maintained in terms of usability, social and cultural activities that are the background of the style or design of the building.

Each traditional house owned by 34 provinces in Indonesia certainly has its own characteristics. The traditional house itself can be used as a residence or residence for certain tribes, and can also be a historical place and to perform traditional ceremonies.

4. Traditional Musical Instruments

Indonesian traditional musical instruments are musical instruments that have been passed down from generation to generation and developed in certain areas. Thus, there is evidence that Indonesia has many types of assets.

Customary traditional musical instruments generally have three functions, including:

• Traditional musical instruments are used as media or sources in traditional ceremonies which are actually held from generation to generation.
• Traditional musical instruments can become background music for regional art performances.
• Traditional musical instruments can be a means of expression, creation and even communication.

Indonesia has a variety of traditional and unique musical instruments that are not found in other countries. It should be noted that many Indonesian traditional musical instruments are well-known internationally.

5. Tribes

Indonesia is a country with many ethnic groups. As quoted from the website Indonesia.go.id , according to the 2010 census conducted by Statistics Finland, there are more than 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia, of which there are approximately 1,340 ethnic groups.

Several names of Indonesian ethnic groups such as Javanese, Sundanese, Batak, Betawi, Madurese, Bugit, Malay and others. So what causes Indonesia’s ethnic and cultural diversity? Various sources state that there are several factors that cause ethnic and cultural diversity in Indonesia.

One of them is that ethnic cultural units in an ethnographic context also include community units that inhabit a certain territory or administrative area. In an ethnographic context, historical elements are also alluded to to determine the origin of ethnic groups. Ethnicity can also be identified by approaching the place of residence or ethnic area, for example the Batak tribe who historically came from Sumatra.

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Elements of Debate – If interpreted in general, debate is a strategy in arguing so that the arguments we have are not broken by opponents. Debate can easily be interpreted as arguing in order to achieve a one-sided victory.

Debate seems to have become familiar with our lives. Usually we can meet debate activities in school competitions, formal events, or on television and our cell phones .

Sinaumed’s is the type of person who likes to argue? Debate is not just about arguing and just talking, of course it takes skills and knowledge of the topics to be debated.

If you don’t prepare material and speaking skills, chances are you will find it difficult to win a debate.

If Sinaumed’s wants to deepen this skill, there are many things that Sinaumed’s should know so that Sinaumed’s’ abilities can get better. Apart from knowing the elements of a debate, there are also various debates that Sinaumed’s must learn.

10 Elements of Debate

Knowledge of the debate can be started from the elements in the debate. Does Sinaumed’s already know the elements of the debate? If not, see the explanation below.

1. Motion

The first element of debate is the motion. A motion is an element of debate relating to a matter or topic being debated by the debate participants.

Motions are usually in the form of a complete sentence, containing at least a subject, predicate and object. With this motion it becomes a determination to be able to produce which parties will support or pro and which parties will oppose or contra.

2. Definition

The second element of debate is definition. The definition is still related to the motion, the definition is a limitation of the motion which aims to make the issues being debated in the debate more focused.

3. Arguments

The third element of debate is argumentation. The argumentation is the part that explains the reasons why you agree or disagree with the descriptions submitted by the pros and cons team.

Usually the argument is accompanied by ideas, analysis and supporting evidence. Existing facts or evidence must also be in line with the argument so that it makes sense.

4. Disclaimer

The fourth element of debate is rebuttal. Rebuttal can also be interpreted as a response to an argument against the opposing team. Rebuttals in debate are useful in proving that the opposing team’s arguments are not as important as they make them out to be.

As with arguments, objections must be accompanied by logical and relevant reasons, evidence and conclusions.

5. Affirmative Team

The fifth element of the debate is the affirmative team or commonly known as the party that will support or be pro towards the matter being debated (motion). The pros will explain various explanations regarding the reasons for agreeing to the motion being discussed.
If you are in the position of the affirmative team, don’t let your arguments contradict the debating motion because it will be very easy for your opponent to attack the affirmative team.

6. Opposition Team

The sixth element of the debate is the opposition team, if there is already a team that supports now the opposition team is the opposite. The opposition team is the party that opposes or is against the matter being debated (motion).

In the debate, the opposition team will refute what was conveyed by the affirmative team.

7. Neutral Team

The seventh element of the debate is the neutral team. Apart from the affirmative team that supports the motion and the opposition team that opposes the motion, there is also a neutral team that is in the middle position.

A neutral team is a team that does not side with or lean towards one team, in other words, this team does not side with anyone.

8. Moderators

The eighth element of the debate is the moderator. In a debate, the moderator is a role that can be said to be important because the moderator’s job is to lead or help the course of a debate.

The moderator’s duties begin with reading out the rules for the debate, asking questions and acting as a mediator for arguments between debate participants.

In addition, a moderator must be able to master the material to be debated from either an affirmative or oppositional position. The moderator must also have a firm, neutral, polite and disciplined attitude.

9. Debate Participants

The ninth element of the debate is the debate participants. Participants or spectators are people who actively participate in the debate, because usually at the end of the debate the participants will be asked to express their opinions and also decide the winner of the debate with the jury through a voting or voting process.

Debate participants usually follow the target of the debate activity, which is usually attended by students or students, teachers, lecturers to the general public.

10. Note

The last element of the debate is the note taker. The debate does not only consist of people who are on the pros and cons team, but there is a part that is no less important in debating activities, namely the note taker.

The task of a note taker is to record the overall course of the debate and the conclusion of the debate. A note taker is also in charge of recording names and questions and answers that will be thrown by both parties.

Kinds of Debate

1. The Re-Examination Debate

Debate re-examination or cross-examination debating , aims to find out the truth of the examination that has been done before. In this debate, several questions will be asked and the questions asked must be related to each other.

This is done so that each individual can support a position that will be upheld and strengthened by the party giving the question.

2. Parliamentary Debate

Parliamentary debates or so-called assembly debates (Assembly of parliamentary debating) aim to support the law to be formed, evaluated until it is passed.

In this debate all members of the debate have the right to submit opinions and ideas. Supporting or opposing the proposal that has been submitted is permissible after being permitted by the debating board accompanied by strong reasons.

This debate is statewide and more formal, therefore the rules and procedures that apply are also more stringent.

3. Formal Debate

Formal debate or it can also be called formal conventional, or educational debating. This debate is directed towards positive things together.

This debate provides an opportunity for each team of speakers to convey to the audience or debate participants about several arguments or ideas that can support or reject the proposal.

The arguments presented must make clear sense, and concern common needs. Technically, the nature of this debate is competitive, because the ultimate goal is to develop skills among debaters.

Even though it is competitive, this debate still pays attention to the elements of the debate.

Debate Structures

Well, Sinaumed’s, now you know what are the elements of the debate from the explanation above? Apart from having elements, the debate also has a structure that you need to pay attention to. The following are the debate structures.

1. Introduction to Issues

Before starting a debate, an introduction to the issue can also be called an introduction to the topic. usually the topics used are topics that will be interesting if raised, namely topics that provide controversy in society. In addition, each team or party (affirmation, opposition and neutral) also introduces themselves first.

2. Submission of Arguments

When submitting arguments, the three teams will present evidence and useful data to support arguments in the debate. Submission of arguments can start from the pro team, then the cons team and then end with the neutral team.

In accordance with the characteristics of the argumentation, the arguments given must be relevant, systematic, clear, logical and have evidence.

3. Conducting Debates

In addition to presenting arguments, each team also has the right to submit rebuttals to the opposing team.

4. Reaffirmation (Conclusion)

The conclusion is the final result of the debate which was previously started with the closing delivered by each team. The conclusion aims to confirm the final statement of the objections or opinions of the pros and cons.

Debate Ethics

If you already have elements and structure, of course, debate is a formal activity and requires good ethics so that debate becomes an intellectual activity. This also needs to be adhered to because debate is related to many people, if we have good ethics then we also respect all people.

Here are important ethics in debate.

1. Ask Seriously

The first etiquette is to ask seriously. Debate is a formal and serious activity, the questions raised should also be serious and professional. Questions that are impolite, demeaning or even personal in nature are not acceptable in the debate.

2. Not Attacking or Alluding to Physical Impairment

The second ethic is not to attack or mention physical deficiencies. The atmosphere in the debate will definitely be very tense and hot and that’s when our emotions will also be provoked.

So, when we are provoked, we often expel negative energy from ourselves, so we may offend or offend our opponent’s physical deficiencies. It should be remembered that in a debate, it is your ideas and ideas that are fighting, not your body.

So if you want to attack, attack your opponent’s ideas and ideas, not his physical body.

3. Prioritizing Data and Facts

The third ethics is prioritizing data and facts. To be able to break your opponent’s argument, you must prepare accurate data and facts.

Your objection will be accepted if it is based on data and facts, don’t break your opponent’s argument with information that is uncertain and does not have clear sources and clear validity or even your own opinion.

If you are not based on clear data and facts, instead you will be attacked again by your opponent.

4. Obey the Rules of the Game

The fourth ethic is obeying the rules of the game. Each debate activity must have different rules, depending on the organizer of the event. Starting from the rules of speaking, the maximum limit for asking, the rules for how to ask questions to the rules for how to refute your opponent.

You must be able to understand and obey every rule of the game that applies in the debate. By obeying the rules of the game, you will also respect the organizers and other parties.

5. Focus on the Opponent’s Argument

The fifth ethic is to focus on the opponent’s argument. You need to pay attention to the opposing team’s arguments so that you can find out the weaknesses and strengths of the opposing team so that you can prepare a strategy to refute the opponent’s arguments.

6. Techniques and Tactics in Winning Debates

In a debate, surely you want your team to be the winner, right? In order to win the debate, there are several techniques and tactics so that you can emerge as the champion during the debate.

Tactics for Winning Debates

Technically, there have been several attempts to defend proposals and arguments through basic techniques. Among others are.

• Affirmation tactics
  Affirmation tactics are tactics that seek to persuade, compromise tactics, agreement tactics as well as repetition tactics. Which aims to strengthen the arguments that have been raised.
• Defensive tactics
  While defensive tactics are tactics that try to avoid, dodge, beat, elevate opponent’s arguments and defensive tactics can also be like thanking tactics, describing, explaining to let the opponent’s arguments.

Techniques for Winning Debates

The technique of winning a debate can be done by asking back the opposing team, shocking, provoking and anticipating. You can also try other techniques such as applying the turning technique, contradicting or interrupting your debating opponent.

If you are new to debating, you can also try techniques like exaggerating data to break your opponent’s argument.

Example of a short debate text

For those of you who are beginners and want to know examples of short debate texts, you can make this material for reading. Here are examples of various topics of debate.

1. Example of Debate Text about COVID-19

(Moderator)
Good afternoon and thank you for coming. The topic that we will discuss this afternoon is regarding the use of vaccines in tackling COVID-19.

(Affirmation Team)
The use of vaccines is one of the government’s ways and recommendations to minimize and treat people with COVID-19. So, as good citizens, we must comply with government regulations to avoid COVID-19.
Another thing that is no less important is educating the public about the importance of vaccines for health.

(Opposition Team)
The government’s regulations regarding the use of vaccines have indeed become something that people have been waiting for to overcome the COVID-19 problem. However, it’s not that easy, the many types of vaccines used are of course a separate question mark for the public.
This is of course natural, considering that not a few people who after using the vaccine actually feel unwell.

(Conclusion)
The COVID-19 vaccine is indeed ineffective in overcoming the COVID-19 problem, this is of course very detrimental to the community where they certainly have very high hopes for the government to immediately deal with the COVID-19 case which seems to have no end.
In addition, the use of vaccines should be the right of the people whether they want to be vaccinated or not.

 

2. Example of Debate Text about Juvenile Delinquency

(Moderator)
Good afternoon, brothers and sisters, thank you for coming. On today’s occasion we will discuss juvenile delinquency which is increasingly common.

(Affirmation Team)
In our opinion, most juvenile delinquency occurs because of a lack of attention from parents who may be too busy at work. This results in the mental condition of children who feel less cared for.

(Opposition Team)
We do not agree that the main factor of juvenile delinquency is the lack of love and attention from parents.
Although this can be a cause, many other factors can cause juvenile delinquency. One of them is association outside the home that is not good.

(Conclusion)
Although attention from parents is not the main cause of juvenile delinquency, it is better for us as parents to also pay attention to who our children are friends with so that it will minimize bad associations which will affect the emergence of juvenile delinquency.

Business development strategy – Hello, Sinaumed’s friends , Did you know? Indonesian small and medium enterprises have recently experienced rapid growth. It is recorded that there are 3.79 million MSMEs using digital technology in their business processes.

Using digital technology in an effort to help businesses grow in this technological era. Therefore, the role of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia is quite important in contributing to national economic growth.

This proves that the Indonesian people understand that running SMEs at a time like this can be a very promising opportunity, especially if it is managed with the right business development strategy. The larger business development strategy is not easy, there are many aspects that need to be properly considered so that business development can run smoothly.

Therefore, you need to know the business development strategies that can be applied to develop your small and medium businesses. Here are some business development strategies that you can apply to grow your business. Before discussing business development strategies, let’s find out the definition of strategy first, see the explanation!

Understanding Strategy from Several Experts

Strategy comes from the Greek strategos andstrategos , which means knowledge and art regarding the available resources of an effort to achieve certain desired goals (Chandradhy in Zulham, 2011): 32 ) . The literal meaning of the Greek term is “the words of an army general”, before finally changing the meaning as mentioned above (Garratt, 2005:29) .

Strategy is a model of goals and grand policies as well as plans for achieving these goals, arranged in such a way so as to determine what business or business will be what, and what business he has or what business he wants (Anthony in Elhamma, 2013: 2 ) .

Strategy must provide boundaries for a project, where goals and results must follow the direction of the business in the future (Longman and Mullins, 2004:57). According to Jauch and Glueck (1988:9) , strategy is an integrated, broad and integrated plan that links the company’s strategic advantages and environmental challenges to ensure that the company’s main goals can be achieved by good organizational performance.

The “unified” nature implies that strategy becomes the tool that unites the entire organization into one unit. The “broad” characterization implies that strategy covers all the important aspects of the organization. The “integrated” nature implies that strategy is an interconnected plan.

According to Porter (1997:68) , strategy is the creation of a unique and valuable position, which consists of a series of different activities. Thus, corporate strategy can be implemented to perform activities that are different from competitors or to perform similar activities in different ways.

Supporting the above definition, Casadesus-Masanell and Ricart (2009:2) say that strategy refers to the choice of business models adopted by companies to compete in the market. Strategy is a plan of urgent action – which can change depending on the situation – to achieve certain goals (Casadesus-Masanell and Richard, 2009: 16).

Business strategy develops from time to time. Different companies are taught to analyze the competitive environment, determine company positioning, develop competitive advantages and business advantages, and recognize threats to companies to maintain corporate sustainability (Casadesus-Masanell and Richard, 2009:1)

Strategies must be flexible in a dynamic and uncertain world, and cannot be fixed permanently because unexpected disruptions or obstacles in the business environment can make strategies ineffective, even when preparations have been made with the greatest care (Garratt, 2005:9) .

Academics and practitioners use various approaches to define competition and business strategy, including industrial organization, resource-based perspectives, dynamic competencies, and game theory (Casadesus-Masanell and Richard, 2009:1).

Based on the definitions above, it seems that the strategy refers to the plans and activities of the company that are adjusted by the management in optimally utilizing the company’s resources to achieve ‘corporate’ goals. Each company can determine a different strategy, depending on the advantages and uniqueness of the company’s resources. The following is an explanation of the meaning of business development

Definition of Business Development

Sustainable business development is the focus of the company’s attention, which can be achieved by adopting business strategies and practices that are tailored to the needs of the company and its shareholders, while protecting, maintaining and strengthening the resources needed for the company.

The concept of business development emerged from the private sector, with a focus on efforts to identify business opportunities in the market. In general, the purpose of business development is to generate profits through business establishment to take advantage of markets and business opportunities, as well as create jobs (Central Otago District Center, 2013: 5).

Business development is any activity that enhances or aims to increase – the profit, production or service potential of a business. Furthermore, business development can be interpreted as an investment or time that has an impact on business growth and expansion.

Business development is the process of driving the business to the point where the business can provide goods and services to all external parties who need them. In the aspect of business marketing, business development is a promotional process to build and maintain working relationships that are aligned with business goals (Kind and Knyphausen-Aufseß, 2007:177). 

Business development covers all company activities aimed at:

• create value and potential income for the company;
• developing products and technologies that can be commercialized; And
• build relationships with partners, consumers and potential stakeholders, for the benefit of the company.

Definition of Business Development Strategy

Combined with the previous definitions, it can be concluded that a business development strategy is a set of company objectives, policies, plans and activities aimed at identifying business opportunities in the market and maintaining business or achieving commercial success.

The business development strategy is part of the business strategy and cannot be separated from the business model. To grow a business in a sustainable manner, companies must continuously evaluate their business strategy. Business strategy analysis is an important step in designing a viable business model, so that it has a lasting impact on the life of the business.

A business development strategy must have the following qualities: consistency , consonance , advantage and feasibility .

• Consistency quality means that the business development strategy must include consistent goals and policies.

• consonance means that the strategy must reflect the company’s adaptive response to the external environment and the changes that occur there.

• Advantage means that the business strategy must provide a place to create or increase competitive advantage in the field of life.

• Feasibility implies that the business strategy must not exceed available resources or create unsolvable problems.

Business Development Strategy Steps

In developing a business strategy, several steps must be taken.

1. The first step is to analyze the company’s internal and external environment. Company management must observe opportunities and threats in the external environment, including consumer needs, competitors’ actions, expectations, and capabilities.

From an internal perspective, the company needs to be aware of its skills and resources, including the company’s location, its strengths in product quality and delivery, and the company’s financial resources.

2. The second step is synthesis and evaluation. At the aggregation stage, the company must collect all the data obtained from the results of the analysis and develop alternative strategies that can be acted upon. These should then be evaluated using various financial and qualitative criteria. The selected strategy is subdivided into substrates for different functional domains.

3. Entering the third step , the company must develop a functional strategy, in which the company’s grand strategy is reflected in the functional area strategy with shorter, concise and clear objectives, as well as time limits so that it is more tactical.

Functional areas that can be used in strategy development include: marketing, product development, operations and finance. At this stage, the business must also review the functional strategy used, because basically there are cross-functional relationships. This is done to avoid strategic execution of one functional area beyond the capabilities of the other functional areas involved.

4. The fourth step is executing the strategy. It should be emphasized first that the implementation of the strategy does not necessarily follow the plan. Many factors affect the results of strategy implementation, for example finance, competitor decisions, control systems, leadership and motivation of everyone in the company.

As part of business development, several products can be developed, including: goods or physical products, such as food, goods, clothing, housing, equipment, etc. Other products are services or products that are not physically tangible, for example hotels, airlines, rental services, barbers, beauty salons, etc. Other products include: events, people, places, property or assets, organizations, information and ideas.

How to Implement a Business Development Strategy

1. Utilizing Social Media

One simple way to grow a business is to use social media as a business growth strategy. In today’s digital era, the role of social networks is very important because almost everyone has a social network, so your chances of getting customers will certainly be higher.

Moreover, social media can be used by anyone for free, so you can advertise by creating an attractive profile so that potential customers are interested in buying your product. If you want to reach a wider market, you can use social media advertising features to promote your business. Of course, this feature is a paid feature, so you must be prepared to spend a certain amount of budget for promotion.

2. Perform Periodic Innovations

Customers tend to get bored and always want to try something new. One of the business development strategies that you can apply to retain customers is to innovate in your business. This is an important thing to do, especially if your business has many competitors.

Usually an industry has its own trend. As a business owner, you have to pay attention to consumer trends and try to innovate your products. Grow your business with new innovations while maintaining product quality so that your customers remain loyal to your business.

3. Get to know your business competitors

Naturally, if there are competitors in the business, there may be tens or even thousands of companies that have the same product as the product you are marketing. When running a business, you need to know who your competitors are, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of your business competitors. Competition in business is natural, so you need to have something that differentiates your business from competitors so that your business can continue to grow.

4. Using Loan Funds for Business

Using borrowed capital is a rather complicated business strategy to implement in business. If you are not careful in using a loan, the possibility of bankruptcy may arise. However, if limited business capital is an obstacle to your business, this can be a consideration.

To get a loan, you can apply for a loan from a bank, but some of the conditions are quite difficult to fulfill. Another way is to apply for a Peer-to-Peer Lending (P2P) loan. Currently, there are many ways to get a loan. Use the money for priority issues such as adding production equipment or adding branches in new locations.

5. Choosing the Right Location

Even though many SMEs are turning to digital, this is not inferior to SMEs that still have physical stores. For small and medium businesses that have physical stores, location is one of the most important aspects in developing a business. With strategic positioning, of course, it will greatly affect the company’s operations.

Choose a location that is easy for customers to reach, but also close to the location of raw materials. If you choose a location that is easily accessible, customers can find your business more easily and you are more likely to acquire new customers.

6. Expanding the Network 

Network expansion can be done by expanding marketing. You can open new marketing channels or create new branches. If you have an offline store, you can try new ways of marketing online and vice versa. If advertising on one platform isn’t profitable enough, try another, more effective platform.

Of course, this expansion must be accompanied by an increase in material supply and production. Another example of network expansion is improving business relationships. Build your network by getting to know lots of people. Work together and maintain good relations because one day you may need their help.

7. Upgrade Resources

Overall improvement of resources is carried out, both product resources and human resources. Increasing product resources is achieved by paying attention to the use of materials and processes applied to make an item. The better the resources used, the higher the quality of the product that will be produced. In terms of human resources, the first step that can be taken is to choose a reliable team and employees.

See how your team and employees work together or when dealing with consumers. Serving customers with a friendly attitude. Quality products coupled with good service will definitely keep consumers from trying to come back another time.

8. Prioritizing Consumer Service

If human resources is going well, customer service is also an important aspect that you should pay attention to. This point is important because excellent customer service is the best way to keep them engaged with your brand. It’s no wonder that high quality customer service has to be maintained when many changes need to be made.

Utilizing the digital world to maintain good relations with consumers. Provide updates about your product or service. Plus, make a good impression by being friendly in service, answering customer questions, providing solutions, and offering assistance. Apart from that, you also have to be able to educate consumers well.

9. Minimizing Operational Costs

The goal of starting a business is to reduce costs and get maximum profits. Don’t take pegs bigger than the stake. Therefore, you really need to pay attention to the capital and operational costs incurred as well as the income generated. This is done to ensure that the needs that the business is meeting are aligned with what needs to be achieved to generate growth.

10. Investment

If saving alone isn’t enough, you need to find ways to grow your business so that the profits you generate can continue to grow. One way that can be done is by investing.

Currently, there are many investment vehicles, whether you have large or small capital.

You can invest in stocks, mutual funds, real estate, gold, time deposits and many other types of investments. Before that, be sure to read complete information about the investment you are about to make. Do not let the intention to seek profit lead to losses.

You can start doing some of the business development strategies above so that your business can grow and progress.

The largest ocean in the world – Earth is a planet in the solar system that is so prosperous and fertile. It is said to be fertile because the earth can be overgrown by various types of plants. As for the word prosperous itself because the earth is able to be a home for humans and animals.

In the solar system, no other planet can be as fertile as planet Earth. The material needed by living things can be provided by the earth. For example, such as the oxygen content which is so sufficient to be used for breathing, the type of soil used to stand on and the availability of water types to fulfill daily life. Basically, the earth’s surface contains many seals of natural wealth which are so important for the life of humans and other creatures.

Judging from its geographical shape, the earth consists of two forms, namely land and water. Mainland is land that is used as a foothold for humans and animals. The land on the mainland is also quite diverse. Where every type of land on the mainland will be adjusted to the geographical type in a place.

Starting from the type of fertile soil to infertile soil. These types of soil will provide different functions according to their characteristics. As for the waters that cover the earth’s surface, it can be in the form of seas or oceans, rivers, reservoirs or dams and so on.

The waters on earth can be said to have a wider size compared to land. The waters on earth cover two-thirds of the total area of ​​the earth.

Definition of the Sea

The sea is water that has a salty taste characteristic with such a wide amount. In fact, the area of ​​the sea can reach two-thirds of the earth’s surface area. The sea with such a wide size will usually be referred to as the ocean.

It should be noted that every surface water flow on land will empty into the sea. This is because the sea is the lowest area on earth. Even if we look at it in terms of reality, the nature of water is to flow from a high place to a lower place.

Sea level is also often used as a benchmark for a place on land. This is because the sea is the lowest and flattest surface of the earth. Therefore, the height of a place on the surface of the plains will be more absolute when measured on the basis of sea level.

The Biggest Ocean in the World

The sea is a natural resource which, if we look at it, is indeed very broad in size. In fact, seas and oceans are the largest part of the earth’s surface. In addition, the sea can also be interpreted as a collection of salty water with an area that can cover about two-thirds of the earth’s surface area.

We are more familiar with the collection of several seas by the term ocean. Therefore compared to the sea, the ocean will have a wider size.

In this world there are many types of sea where each type of sea will have different sizes. In order for you to understand more about the list of the largest seas in the world, the explanation below can help.

• South China Sea

The South China Sea is the largest sea in the world which occupies the first position. The South China Sea is more commonly referred to as the South China Sea. The South China Sea has an area of ​​around 2,974,615 square km.

Apart from being a coastal sea, the South China Sea is also part of the Pacific Ocean. The South China Sea is so large after the five oceans in the world.

Geographically, the South China Sea is a sea that stretches from the southwest to the northeast with the southern boundary between South Sumatra and Kalimantan or it can be called the Karimata Strait.

• Caribbean Sea

The second position as the largest sea in the world is occupied by the Caribbean Sea. The area of ​​the Caribbean Sea itself is about 2,525,926 square kilometers. In addition, the Caribbean Sea is also a tropical sea which is located adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in the southeast.

The Caribbean Sea also includes all the plates in the Caribbean. Like other types of oceans, the Caribbean Sea is also limited by several other areas. Some of the limitations that exist in the Caribbean Sea are as follows.

1. Venezuela, Colombia and Panama are the southern limits of the Caribbean Sea.
2. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize as well as Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula form the western boundary of the Caribbean Sea.
3. The Greater Antilles, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico are the northern limits of the Caribbean Sea.
4. As for the eastern boundary of the Caribbean Sea are the Lesser Antilles Islands.

Please note that the Caribbean Sea has the deepest point in the Cayman Trench region which is between Cuba and Jamaica. While the depth it has is able to reach a size of 7,500 meters.

• Mediterranean

The Mediterranean Sea has an area of ​​up to 2,506,696 square kilometers which makes it the third largest sea in the world. The Mediterranean Sea has other names such as the Mediterranean Sea.

The Mediterranean Sea is also an intercontinental sea between Europe, Asia and Africa. More precisely the Mediterranean Sea is to the north of the European Continent, east of the Asian Continent and south of the African Continent.

It should be noted that the Mediterranean Sea has an important history, that is, in the past, the Mediterranean Sea was a very busy trade route. From the Mediterranean Sea it is also possible for trade and cultural exchanges between the Egyptians, Ancient Greeks, Ancient Romans to the Middle East.

Geographically the Mediterranean Sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar on the west. On the east it is connected with the Sea of ​​Marmara and the Black Sea through the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus.

• Bering Sea

The Bering Sea is a sea with an area of ​​about 2,261,070 square km. The Bering Sea is also part of the Pacific Ocean. The Bering Sea is an ocean consisting of very deep basins which then rise through narrow slopes. The Bering Sea is near the Gulf of Alaska but the two are separated by the Alaska Peninsula.

The Bering Sea has boundaries as described below.

1. To the north of the Bering Sea will be bordered by the Arctic Ocean and the Chucki Sea. In addition, the two are also separated by the Bering Strait.
2. To the south it is bordered by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands.
3. To the east and northeast it will be bordered by Alaska.
4. As for the western part, it will be bordered by Siberia and the Kamchatka Peninsula.

A history that is so famous discusses the Bering Sea. This is because many scientists believe that since the last ice age, sea level has become so low that humans and animals migrated on foot from Asia to North America, or what is now known as the Bering Strait.

This area is also often referred to as the Bering Bridge and it is from this route that some scientists believe that the first entry of humans to America was through this route. You could say that the Bering Sea has a very active ecosystem.

There are many animals and plants that live in the Bering Sea region. Even the Bering Sea is also home to several wildlife such as Bowhead Whales, Blue Whales, Sei Whales, Humpback Whales, Sperm Whales and North Pacific Whales which are the rarest whales in the world.

Apart from whales, the Bering Sea also has other animals such as walruses, Steller’s sea cows, beluga and polar bears. In fact, there are so many types of fish that live in the Bering Sea, ranging from 6 types of Pacific Salmon, Alaskan Pollock, Red King Crab, Pacific Cod, Pacific Halibut and Yellow Sole.

Several seabirds also live in the Bering Sea region such as Tufted Puffins, Short-tailed Albatrosses (endangered), and Red-footed Kittiwakes. Interestingly, the Bering Sea also has several islands around its territory.

Several islands and marine islands in the Bering Sea are the Pribilof Islands, Komandorski Islands, Bering Island, St. Lawrence, Diomede Islands, King Island, St. Matthew, Karaginsky Island and Nunivak Island.

Meanwhile, the Bering Sea region includes the Bering Strait, Bristol Bay, Anadyr Bay and Norton Sound. Recently, the climate in the Berang Sea has changed. This is due to changes in the North Pole area.

• Mexican Sea

In fifth place is the Mexican Sea. This sea has an area of ​​about 1,507,639 square kilometers and is located near Mexico. In addition, the Mexico Sea is also included as part of the Caribbean Sea. It can be said that the Mexican Sea is one of the special seas in the world.

This is because the Mexican Sea has a natural phenomenon that is so rare and amazing. Where the Mexican Sea there is a river that is under the sea. This river was discovered by a diver named Jacques Yves Costeau who was conducting research on the seabed which was used as material in the Discovery Channel program.

At that time, the location used was the Mexican Sea or more precisely at Cenote Angelita. Before discovering the existence of a river under the Mexican Sea, Jacques was surprised by the existence of fresh water among the salty seawater.

Out of curiosity about this, he finally decided to dive even deeper and at a certain depth he found if there was a river flowing under the sea.

The water that flows in the river is fresh water and around it is also overgrown with plants and trees. The researchers explained that this phenomenon is Hydrogen Sulfide.

• Okhotsk Sea

The Sea of ​​Okhotsk is one of the largest seas in the world with an area of ​​1,392,125 square km. Where the Sea of ​​Okhotsk borders the Pacific Ocean on the west. Then, in the east, it will be bordered by the Kamchatka Peninsula. The southeastern boundary of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk is the Kuril Islands and Hokkaido Island is the southern boundary of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Siberia is the northern boundary and Sakhalin Island is the boundary of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. The Sea of ​​Okhotsk is in the Far Eastern Federal District and empties into the Sea of ​​Japan.

• Sea of ​​Japan

Furthermore, there is the Sea of ​​Japan which has an area of ​​1,012,949 square kilometers. Because of its presence in the vicinity of Japan, this sea is named the Sea of ​​Japan and this sea is also named the East Sea.

The Sea of ​​Japan is a coastal sea in the western Pacific Ocean. In addition, the Sea of ​​Japan has fewer waves because it is surrounded by land. Judging from its geographical shape, the Sea of ​​Japan is surrounded by the Russian mainland and Sakhalin Island to the north. While in the west it is surrounded by mainland North Korea and South Korea. The east side of the Sea of ​​Japan is surrounded by the Japanese Islands such as the islands of Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu.

The average depth of the Sea of ​​Japan is around 1,752 meters and the deepest point of the sea can reach 3,742 meters below sea level. In addition, the depth is also located in the troughs.

The Sea of ​​Japan has three troughs such as the Yamato Trench which is to the southeast, the Japan Trench which is to the east and the Ulleung Trench which is to the southwest.

• Hudson Sea

The Hudson Sea is at the forefront of being the largest sea in the world with an area of ​​around 730,121 square km. The Hudson Sea is a bay in eastern Canada. In the eastern part of the Hudson Sea it is connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Hudson Strait. Meanwhile, the northern part of the Hudson Sea will be connected by the Foxe and Helca Straits.

• East China Sea

The East China Sea occupies the ninth position. The East China Sea has an area of ​​around 664,594 square km. The East China Sea is known as the East China Sea. In addition, the East China Sea stretches to the east of China, connecting several areas such as Japan, Korea and parts of China’s east coast.

The East China Sea is also part of the Pacific Ocean. The existence of the East China Sea is limited by several countries. Starting from South Korea, Japan, Taiwan and China. Meanwhile, in more detail related to the boundaries of the East China Sea, they are as follows.

1. The eastern boundary of the East China Sea is Kyushu Island and the Ryukyu Islands.
2. The southern boundary of the East China Sea is Taiwan.
3. The western boundary of the East China Sea is mainland China and China.
4. Meanwhile, the northern boundary of the East China Sea is the Yellow Sea.

• Andaman Sea

The Andaman Sea is one of the largest seas in the world. The area of ​​the Andaman Sea itself is around 564,879 square kilometers. Then the existence of the Andaman Sea itself is located in several countries such as the southeastern part of the Bay of Bengal, western Myanmar and western Thailand.

In addition, the Andaman Sea is also included as part of the Indian Ocean. The Andaman Sea stretches for 1200 km from north to south and is about 650 km wide from east to west. The average depth of the Andaman Sea is about 870 meters. Meanwhile, the maximum depth of the Andaman Sea itself can reach 3,777 m.

So, those are some lists of the largest seas in the world that you can read in full. Where each sea has its own area and is bordered by certain areas. In addition, each sea has different characteristics. Get other interesting information only on the official sinaumedia.com website .

To support Sinaumed’s in adding insight, sinaumedia always provides quality and original books so that Sinaumed’s has #MoreWithReading information.

Author: Hendrik

Reference:

• https://ilmugeography.com/ilmu-bumi/laut/laut-teruas-di-dunia
• https://dosengeography.com/pengertian-laut/

Sinaumed’s, if you plan to go to the library to look for learning resources or you are a person who likes to read books in the library for a long time, of course what you are looking for besides a complete collection of books is the comfort of being in the library. For example, a comfortable reading room, lighting, an interior that can support a reading atmosphere, and complete facilities.  Along with the development of the times and technology, libraries that used to seem ordinary are now designed to be attractive and comfortable. So, we feel more comfortable and feel at home for long when visiting the library. The library now, there are also several instagramable photo spots ,as well as complete facilities. What are the best libraries in Indonesia, Sinaumed’s? Read this article until it’s finished!

University of Indonesia Library (UI, Depok)

This library is located on the campus of the University of Indonesia, built in June 2009 and inaugurated on May 13, 2011. This library has 2.5 hectares of land with an area of ​​33,000 square meters . This library is also equipped with 3-5 million book titles, reading rooms, 100 silent rooms, parks, restaurants, banks and bookstores. The library is known as the ” Crystal of Knowledge ” It has a total of eight floors, where each floor has its own facilities. On the first floor, there is a circulation area, this place is used to return books that have been borrowed. In addition, on this floor there is also a place for storing bags and goods where every visitor is required to leave his bag when he wants to visit the collection area. After the bag or goods are deposited, visitors will get a clear bag that can be used to carry items that need to be carried, such as laptops, cellphones, and wallets. On the 2nd floor, there is a textbook room and various other spaces that can be utilized by visitors. On the 3rd floor, the UI-ana collection room is a collection of theses, theses, dissertations, and on this floor there is also a special reading room. on the 4th floor, there is a reference book collection room and can only be read in places both by visitors outside the UI and visitors to the UI community. On the 5th, 7th and 8th floor there are classrooms and on the 6th floor there is a multipurpose room. For visitors to the UI Library who are not UI members, they must pay Rp. 10,000.00 to enter the library. This library has a very soothing view of the eye, which is facing the lake. The library is open for services Monday to Friday, from 08.00 to 19.00 WIB and on Saturday, from 08.00 to 16.00 WIB. For further information, such as what collections are in this library, Sinaumed’s can first visit the website at lib.ui.ac.id. On the 5th, 7th and 8th floor there are classrooms and on the 6th floor there is a multipurpose room. For visitors to the UI Library who are not UI members, they must pay Rp. 10,000.00 to enter the library. This library has a very soothing view of the eye, which is facing the lake. The library opens services Monday to Friday, from 08.00 to 19.00 WIB and on Saturday, from 08.00 to 16.00 WIB. For more information, such as what collections are in this library, Sinaumed’s can first visit the website at lib.ui.ac.id. On the 5th, 7th and 8th floor there are classrooms and on the 6th floor there is a multipurpose room. For visitors to the UI Library who are not UI members, they must pay Rp. 10,000.00 to enter the library. This library has a very soothing view of the eye, which is facing the lake. The library opens services Monday to Friday, from 08.00 to 19.00 WIB and on Saturday, from 08.00 to 16.00 WIB. For more information, such as what collections are in this library, Sinaumed’s can first visit the website at lib.ui.ac.id. This library has a very soothing view of the eye, which is facing the lake. The library is open for services Monday to Friday, from 08.00 to 19.00 WIB and on Saturday, from 08.00 to 16.00 WIB. For further information, such as what collections are in this library, Sinaumed’s can first visit the website at lib.ui.ac.id. This library has a very soothing view of the eye, which is facing the lake. The library is open for services Monday to Friday, from 08.00 to 19.00 WIB and on Saturday, from 08.00 to 16.00 WIB. For further information, such as what collections are in this library, Sinaumed’s can first visit the website at lib.ui.ac.id.

Soeman HS Library, Pekanbaru

The Soeman HS Library is located on Jl. General Soedirman no. 462, Pekanbaru, Riau. This library was inaugurated on October 28, 2008 by Vice President Jusuf Kalla. This library with a magnificent architectural design is the grandest library in Indonesia. The name of this library is taken from the name of a poet from Riau, namely Soeman HS. This library is a landmark of Pekanbaru city. The Soeman HS Library has a collection of more than 200,000 copies and the building is equipped with air conditioning, of course, making this library even more popular to visit. This library has six floors, where each floor has a special reading area that can be used by visitors to read the existing collections and of course also equipped with free wi-fi. The model of this library building is inspired by the Al-Quran reading mat and also the shape of the book that is being opened. The facilities that can be found in this library, namely an auditorium which is usually used for seminars or training events, Malay cultural booths as a place to read comfortably without outside noise disturbance, atrium, meeting room, internet room, prayer room, canteen, andenergy corner.

Freedom Institute Library, Jakarta

Initially, this library was not open to the public, because this library was used only for the benefit of the foundation. In 2002, the library was opened to the public. The library, which closed in 2015, has finally reopened at a new location. Now this library is located on the ground floor of Wisma Bakrie 1, Jalan HR Rasuna Said, Karet Kuningan, South Jakarta. This library has operating hours from 09.00 to 16.30 WIB, Monday to Friday. To enter this library, visitors are required to register for membership first by filling out a membership form, filling in personal data, and also attaching a KTP. This membership is free of charge or free. As library rules in general, it is not permitted to eat or drink in this library. To enter into the collection section, the bag is deposited at the storage area. For important items such as laptops and cellphones, it is permissible to bring them into the collection room. There are many and varied collections of books in this library, unfortunately collections can only be read on the spot and cannot be borrowed. The facilities provided are quite complete and very comfortable, wi-fi service is also provided and meeting rooms can be used for the public, but must be with the permission of the library. This library does not allow visitors to borrow books. However, there is another way that this library provides There are many and varied collections of books in this library, unfortunately collections can only be read on the spot and cannot be borrowed. The facilities provided are quite complete and very comfortable, wi-fi service is also provided and meeting rooms can be used for the public, but must be with the permission of the library. This library does not allow visitors to borrow books. However, there is another way that this library provides There are many and varied collections of books in this library, unfortunately collections can only be read on the spot and cannot be borrowed. The facilities provided are quite complete and very comfortable, wi-fi service is also provided and meeting rooms can be used for the public, but must be with the permission of the library. This library does not allow visitors to borrow books. However, there is another way that this library providesphotocopy , where visitors can photocopy book pages or one book at a time to take home.

National Library of the Republic of Indonesia

The National Library of the Republic of Indonesia, or more commonly known as the National Library, is the highest national library in the world. This library was founded in 1980. However , physically it was only implemented in 1981. Until 1987, National Library of Indonesia was still in 3 places, namely on Jl. Merdeka Barat 12, Jl. Merdeka Selatan 11, and Jl. Imam Bonjol 1 (now the Proclamation Text Museum). On March 6, 1989, the library was inaugurated with the signing of a monumentation decree by the president of the Republic of Indonesia through presidential decree No. 11 of 1989. This library has a building 126.3 meters high and a total of 24 floors, including three floors of underground parking, or basement .The 1st floor is the main lobby, the 2nd floor is the library membership service room, information retrieval , aand auditorium space. The 3rd floor is a reading promotion zone. The 4th floor is an exhibition hall and canteen. The 5th floor is an office. The 6th floor is a prayer room and data center. The 7th floor is for children, elderly and disabled services. The 8th floor is an audio visual service. The 9th floor is an archipelago manuscript service. Floors 10-11 are closed monograph collection storage rooms. Floors 12-13 are reading rooms for closed monograph collections. The 14th floor is a rare book collection service. The 15th floor is for reference services, online collections and library science. The 16th floor is a collection of photos, maps and paintings. Floors 17-18 are offices of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences, floors 19 are multimedia services. The 20th floor is the latest and international periodical collection service. The 21st floor is a class 000-499 open monograph collection service. The 22nd floor is a class 500-999 open monograph collection service. The 23rd floor is a collection service for bound magazines. 24th floor, the last floor which is a collection service for Indonesian culture,executive lounge and foreign guest reception room. For more complete information about the national library, Sinaumed’s can visit the official website at perpusnas.go.id. National Library also provides an online library where Sinaumed’s can borrow collections online in the form of e-books through the iPusnas application which can be downloaded for free in the playstore.

Malahayati University Library, Bandar Lampung

The Malahayati University Library was established in 1993, simultaneously with the founding of the Library institution and was ratified by a Chancellor’s Decree in 1994. This library is located on Jl. Pramuka No.7, Bandar Lampung is also known as the longest library, and this library is located within the Malahayati University campus. If other libraries have high rise buildings, the Malahayati University library actually has an elongated building. Plus, this library has a unique design surrounded by an artificial river that makes the atmosphere comfortable. So, Sinaumed’s can look for books while looking at the river around the books, that’s exciting. Visitors can also see miniature traditional houses when visiting this library. This miniature traditional house can be used as a place for discussions and other events, but it must be with the permission of the officer at a certain rate and a minimum number of people in it. In addition, there are also print and digital collection rooms as well as reading and discussion rooms with complete facilities. This library is also equipped with an internet connection that makes it easier for visitors to find book references through the library’s website. This library has operating hours from 10.00 to 22.00 WIB. To be able to access all collections and facilities in this library, visitors are required to make a membership card. The tariff is Rp. 20,000.00 for the community members of Malahayati University and Rp. 30,000.00 for non-civics at the University of Malahayati. but must be with the permission of the officer with a certain rate and a minimum number of people in it. In addition, there are also print and digital collection rooms as well as reading and discussion rooms with complete facilities. This library is also equipped with an internet connection that makes it easier for visitors to find book references through the library’s website. This library has operating hours from 10.00 to 22.00 WIB. To be able to access all collections and facilities in this library, visitors are required to make a membership card. The tariff is Rp. 20,000.00 for the community members of Malahayati University and Rp. 30,000.00 for non-civics at the University of Malahayati. but must be with the permission of the officer with a certain rate and a minimum number of people in it. In addition, there are also print and digital collection rooms as well as reading and discussion rooms with complete facilities. This library is also equipped with an internet connection which makes it easier for visitors to find book references through the library’s website. This library has operating hours from 10.00 to 22.00 WIB. To be able to access all collections and facilities in this library, visitors are required to make a membership card. The tariff is Rp. 20,000.00 for the community members of Malahayati University and Rp. 30,000.00 for non-civics at the University of Malahayati. This library is also equipped with an internet connection which makes it easier for visitors to find book references through the library’s website. This library has operating hours from 10.00 to 22.00 WIB. To be able to access all collections and facilities in this library, visitors are required to make a membership card. The tariff is Rp. 20,000.00 for the community members of Malahayati University and Rp. 30,000.00 for non-civics at the University of Malahayati. This library is also equipped with an internet connection that makes it easier for visitors to find book references through the library’s website. This library has operating hours from 10.00 to 22.00 WIB. To be able to access all collections and facilities in this library, visitors are required to make a membership card. The tariff is Rp. 20,000.00 for the community members of Malahayati University and Rp. 30,000.00 for non-civics at the University of Malahayati.

Grhatama Pustaka Yogyakarta Library

The Grhatama Pustaka Library was inaugurated on December 21, 2015, by the Governor of DIY Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono X, on an area of ​​2.4 hectares. This public library is located at Jalan Janti no.344 Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. This library has three floors where each floor has different service units and varies from children’s collection services to film screening services in the audiovisual room. This library also provides various complete facilities ranging from wi-fi facilities, a prayer room, and even provides facilities for persons with disabilities. To register for membership in this library, the method is very easy, that is, you only need to go to the registration section in the information section and fill in your biodata online. The library has operating hours from 08.00. 00.00 to 22.00 Monday to Friday and 08.00 to 16.00 for Saturday and Sunday. To register for membership, it is necessary to bring a KTM or KTP domiciled in Yogyakarta. The results of the card can be waited for approximately half an hour. For more information, Sinaumed’s can visit the library’s official account at  https://m.facebook.com/Grhatama-Pustaka-1508932409408987/ .

Bandung Microlibrary Library

This library is located in Taman Bima, Bandung City. Built in 2015, this library has a very unique design because the building is made from an arrangement of 2000 waste plastic ice cream buckets. Uniquely, the ice cream bucket hole forms a binary code pattern, which reads “Books are the Window of the World” .Because of this unique design, the Bandung Microlibrary Library won architectural awards, one of which was the Lafarge Holcim Awards for Sustainable Construction Asia Pacific award in 2017. This library was deliberately made with 2000 plastic ice cream buckets, to show that plastic items if used creatively will add value to these used items. If Sinaumed’s wants to come to this unique library, this library operates from 08.30 to 17.00 WIB every day from Monday to Friday. This library provides various facilities such as a collection of books, traditional toys, PAUD teaching aids, knowledge sharing activities , story telling , an English club., likes to read, and can also gather with the community which of course can be used by all groups who visit this library.

Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) Library

The ITB library was founded in 1920, at the same time as the Technische Hoogeschool (TH) which was the forerunner of ITB during the Dutch occupation. During the Dutch occupation, this library was known as the TH library. The TH library is known abroad because it has a very high quality collection and a broad scope covering all fields of knowledge. This library was closed and reopened during the Japanese occupation under the name “Bandung Kogyo Daigaku”. In 1974, all parts of the library were taken over and handled by Indonesian staff. In 1975, planning began for a permanent library building designed according to the function of a college library. The university library owned by ITB has operating hours from 08.00. 00 to 21.00 WIB on Monday to Friday, and 08.00 to 13.00 WIB on Saturday. Meanwhile, during the semester break period, the library opens services from 08.00 to 16.30 WIB on Monday to Friday. This library has various facilities, such as prayer room, bookstore, function room, to audiovisual room. The ITB Library also has four floors, where each floor has a different collection. The 1st floor is for a collection of books and a collection of collaborations. The 2nd floor is for joint preparation hold collections and weekly collections. 3rd floor for weekly collections, printed journals, clippings, Indonesian national standard documents and reference collections. 4th floor for general collections and special collections. For public collections that can be accessed openly by users, Meanwhile, special collections are stored in a closed room and library staff will serve those who need them. For more information about this library, Sinaumed’s can look at the official website, namely at lib.itb.ac.id 

Wow, that’s a lot, Sinaumed’s, the best library in Indonesia. Not only storing a lot of books, but the library is now also suitable as a place to study while hanging out with friends, equipped with very instagramable photo spots. Sinaumed’s, you can visit one of the many interesting libraries above, to hang out or do assignments in a comfortable atmosphere.

Erika

Benefits of the Internet in the Field of Government – The life of today’s modern society cannot be separated from the internet. The internet plays an important role in various fields of human life today. The internet provides all the benefits in the form of convenience, efficiency, productivity in living life.

This article will review what the internet is all about? What are the benefits of the internet in human life? What are the benefits of the internet in government? and Use of Information and Communication Technology in Government Sector.

What is the Internet?

The Internet or Interconnected Network is a global communication system that connects computers and computer networks around the world. The internet is defined as a computer network that is connected to each other, which can be used as an exchange of information flows between one another.

O’Brien provides a definition of the internet. According to O’Brien, the internet is a computer network that is growing very rapidly, which provides positive benefits and impacts for the world of education, business, and government. The internet is a very important requirement for individuals, organizations, companies and government agencies.

When viewed in general, the internet has several functions and purposes that facilitate human life, for example:

1. Facilitate the flow of information exchange
2. Connecting people who are separated by distance, even between continents

When viewed in general, the internet has several benefits that certainly facilitate human life, for example:

1. As a means of seeking entertainment
2. Fast communication tool
3. Complete source of information
4. Media to add insight

The internet continues to experience its development until now. The internet is not only used to connect with each other, but has also become part of the lifestyle of modern humans. Almost all human activities are always related to the internet, for example, shopping, banking transactions, and studying online .

Benefits of the Internet

In conclusion, there are four benefits of the internet in human life, namely:

1. As a Means of Socialization and Communication

The internet is useful as a means of communication and socialization among human beings. Nowadays, we don’t need to meet face to face to be able to have a conversation with other people. There are inventions of online conversation technology such as Whatsapp, Line, Telegram , and other conversation applications that can make us connected in real-time with other people in any part of the world and can be anytime.

2. As a Business Facility

Besides being useful as a means of socialization and communication, the internet is also useful in the field of business or business. In the past, markets and buying and selling transactions could only be found in the form of physical shops or markets, which required us to go to these places to buy necessities. Now all of that has become easier with the existence of a marketplace .

With the presence of the internet, online markets are growing massively and rapidly, we can find whatever products we need and want on the marketplace . This certainly makes it easier for humans because it is fast, practical, and saves energy and time.

3. Self-Developing

Not only for doing business and a means of communication, another benefit that can be obtained from the internet is that it can be used to enhance self-development through online courses that can be attended only from home, you know! We can choose according to our own wishes the type of training and training time we want by searching for it on the internet, sometimes it can also be accessed for free or free!

4. Entertainment

Not only fulfilling needs, the internet offers to get entertainment in the form of both audio and visual. Starting from online games , to watching movies online.

Benefits of the Internet in the Field of Government

Well, apart from the four benefits described above. Internet is useful in the field of government. What are the benefits of the internet in the field of government? As we all know, today’s internet users are not only for business people, students, or ordinary people.

However, official government agencies have also used the internet to support and support services to make them faster, more practical and easier. The benefits of the internet in the field of government in this case apply to the central government and local governments.

The internet is useful for covering various fields of human life, such as in the fields of economy, society, education, banking, business, commerce, health, tourism, animal husbandry, agriculture, and even government.

Not only beneficial in terms of everyday life, the internet is also very useful in the field of government. If we look closely, almost all governments, starting from the central government and local governments, have their own websites that can be accessed by the public according to their needs and requirements.

In the field of government, the government uses the internet to create information systems that have benefits while facilitating government tasks.

The existence of this website certainly makes it easier for the government to carry out policies and services to the community. Not only that, there are still many benefits that can be obtained by both the government itself and society at large.

The internet is quite a positive impact in the field of government. The benefits of the internet in the field of Government, include:

1. As a Media to Receive Community Aspirations

The main benefit of the internet in the field of government that is often used is as a medium to receive people’s aspirations, especially for local governments. The public can channel their aspirations, criticisms and suggestions through the government’s official website .

By using this method, it can be said that it is more effective and efficient for the community. The use of the website as a means of accepting community aspirations is mutually beneficial for both parties, both policy makers and the community. This method is considered faster and easier. Without taking a long time, people’s aspirations can be immediately responded to through the relevant government websites.

With a website , we can submit complaints, criticisms, suggestions and input to the government easily and quickly. Almost all government agencies currently provide websites with facilities for complaints, suggestions, suggestions, and other community aspirations.

2. As Official Information Media

The use of the internet for the government can be used as a means to convey official information issued by the government. This information can be published through the official website to the government’s official social media so that users who follow it can find out and disseminate it to the wider community. In addition, visitors can also see data or official government structures listed on the government’s official website.

Everything related to information about government, both in the central government and in the regions, would be better if it was conveyed through the official website. This needs to be done in order to minimize the occurrence of hoax news or fake news which has recently been rife and growing in ordinary society.

The internet is a very effective medium to use in conveying any information. The government can submit official information on websites managed by government agencies that aim to provide services to the public.

3. As a Media Promotion

The benefits of the internet in the next field of government are as a means or media for regional promotion. All potential and tourism in the area, starting from the Village, District, Regency, City, to Province levels, can be promoted through the government’s official website. Promotion in this case covers the fields of tourism, culture, business, agriculture, forestry, marine, mining and others owned by the relevant government.

Internet in the field of government produces benefits. This is because the internet can be a medium for promoting regional potential, starting from the village level to the provincial level.

4. Facilitate Coordination in a Government Activity

In this modern and sophisticated era, coordination between superiors and subordinates can be done more quickly and easily via the internet. In addition, for their subordinates they can send tasks in the form of activity reports that have been made through an administrative system without the need to directly report face to face. This certainly facilitates and accelerates the coordination of activities in the government sector.

5. As a Government Media Campaign

The benefits of the internet in the next government sector are as a media for government campaigns. Campaigns in this case are in the form of new government programs, for example regarding family planning (KB), increasing legal awareness, healthy and clean lifestyles, programs to improve the economy and people’s welfare and other programs.

6. Facilitate System Administration

The government usually has a website that contains online data management facilities . This can simplify and standardize the administrative system between government agencies, central to regional or vice versa. This convenience makes the process of reporting financial, personnel, and reporting administration much faster and more effective.

7. Save Operational Costs

It is undeniable that the government of one region and another needs to coordinate and synergize together. Using the website can save agency operational costs because there is no need to hold meetings in person which will incur quite a lot of budget.

Each branch of government agencies in the regions must submit reports to the central agency on a regular and periodic basis. Likewise, central agencies always provide information and instructions to branch agencies in the regions.

8. Make it easier for people to get access to public services

The existence of the internet makes it easier for people to access government websites in obtaining information and getting services from even remote places as long as internet access is available in that place.

9. Supporting Public Information Disclosure

The internet provides information that is easily accessible to the public. This is useful for supporting transparency of information that should be known by the wider community, for example regarding budgets, management of social assistance funds, future development plans for a region, selection of partners in the procurement of goods and services by government agencies, and other information. The existence of information disclosure is useful so that the agency does not commit policy fraud or embezzlement of funds.

10. Inviting Community Participation

In addition, the internet can be an effective medium for the government in inviting community participation for various purposes such as recruiting volunteers, conducting surveys, working with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and others.

So, those are 10 benefits of having the internet in the field of government that are useful for both the government and the community. Hopefully internet access in Indonesia will be faster and more evenly distributed throughout the country, so that policies and all information that has been set by the government can quickly reach the public.

Usefulness of Using Information and Communication Technology in Government Sector

The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) continues to grow rapidly and penetrates into various areas of life, including in the field of government. Based on its history, technological developments have started since the revolution in England in 1760-1840. From England, the era of technology continues to grow to this day.

Quoted from the book entitled Learning Teacher Module: Using the Internet for Learning (Basic) by Indarti et al (2015: 7-8), current technological developments, especially information and communication technology have changed the human paradigm in obtaining information and communicating. Because, this period is no longer limited by the dimensions of space and time.

The existence of information and communication technology is currently useful to make it easier for humans to access the desired information, anytime and anywhere. Of the many fields, one of the fields that has felt the impact of the development of this technology is the government sector.

The Learning House reports the benefits of having Information and Communication Technology in the government sector, including:

1. Services to the community increased.
2. Information and Communication Technology developed in government or what is called e-government makes it easier for people to access government policies and services so that programs launched by the government can run well and smoothly.
3. E-government can also support more efficient government management, and can improve communication between the government and the business and industrial sectors.
4. The public can provide input, criticism, and suggestions regarding policies made by the government so that they can improve government performance.
5. The relationship between the government and the private sector and the community has improved because the information circulating is easier to obtain
6. The disappearance of the bureaucracy which has been a scourge for the business world and society when dealing with government.

Recommended Books to Read About the Internet

There are several books that can be read about the internet, for example:

1. Internet, Gadgets, and Teenagers: Becoming Modern, Productive, and Resilient Teenagers (2021) by Agustina Hendriati

The book, which was written by lecturers at the Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Jakarta, encourages teenagers not to be affected by the negative effects of the internet. As we all know, today’s youth cannot be separated from using the internet and gadgets.

Supposedly, with the presence of the internet users can remain productive and resilient in dealing with possible negative effects of the internet. This book uses an approach by inviting teenagers to sort and choose good things that can be done in line with the needs of the times in using the internet and gadgets.

2. Banish Confusion with Healthy Internet (2021) by Donny Mrs

It is undeniable that today’s children more often open social media applications such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Tik Tok, and other entertainment sites on the internet. In fact, not all content in the application contains positive and educative values ​​in building the potential of today’s children.

The internet can be like a double-edged knife, there are positive and negative impacts. The book Banish Confusion with a Healthy Internet (2021) is structured to assist parents in supervising their children’s activities while surfing the internet. Apart from that, it can also be used as a guide to prevent internet users from pornography, cybercrime , and malware .

3. Practical Guide to Using Internet Facilities (2021) by Jasmadi

This book written by Jasmadi discusses practical guidelines for using the facilities available on the internet. This book is suitable for anyone who wants to learn about the internet.

So, that’s a review of the article about the benefits of the internet in the field of government, I hope it’s useful, Sinaumed’s!

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Benefits of the Internet in the Field of Education – The internet in today’s digital era has a very important role in everyday life. Starting from generation Z, millennial generation, to generation X, they have used and utilized internet facilities. The internet is mostly used as a medium for working on and connecting various activities and human work effectively, accurately, economically and efficiently.

Currently, we recognize primary needs, secondary needs, and secondary needs in economics. We already know which needs are primary, secondary, and which are tertiary. However, along with the emergence of the internet, human needs are increasing. In the early days of internet technology entering Indonesia, the internet was an expensive item that no one could use and enjoy.

Along with the times and technology that is growing rapidly, the need for the internet is more evenly distributed for everyone and in various fields of human life. The internet is useful and increasingly felt by the general public. This article reviews what the internet is all about? How is the development of the internet? What are the benefits of the internet in education? How important is the internet in education?

What is the Internet?

The internet is a communication network that can connect between various available electronic media. History records, the first time the internet was discovered in the 1960s. The discovery of the first internet was originally used for research and research needs in the military field. Now, the internet is used for needs in various fields of human life. In Indonesia, the internet was first introduced in 1994 which was initiated by several people who are experts in the field of Information Technology (IT).

Another source states that the internet is a communication network that functions to connect one electronic media with other electronic media quickly and precisely.

Onno W. Purbo (2005) an expert in the field of IT, states that the internet is a medium that is used to make the communication process efficient using applications such as websites , electronic mail or e-mail, and voip (long-distance communication technology with the internet).

Meanwhile, O’Brien gave the definition of the internet, according to him the internet is a computer network that is growing very rapidly. The internet is useful and has a positive impact on education, business/economics, government, and other fields.

How did the Internet develop?

The development of the internet is increasing rapidly year after year, this is also due to the increasing human needs. The benefits of the internet can also be felt in various fields of human life, including in the field of education.

In the field of education, the use of the internet is one of the important factors that helps in the learning and learning process. Internet users can access and obtain various information related to curriculum, modules, articles, journals, supporting references, general knowledge, and so on quickly and practically. This allows each individual to find various things through search engines that are available and connected to a stable and good internet network.

It is undeniable that the internet has many benefits that can be used and enjoyed by internet users. The existence of the internet has brought changes in various fields throughout the world. So what are the benefits of the internet in education?

Benefits of the Internet in Education

The use of the internet in the field of education is very beneficial for teachers. The benefits of the internet in general can improve quality and support teachers in teaching and learning activities. Besides being useful for teachers, the internet is also beneficial for students. The existence of the internet is useful for students to search/study anytime and anywhere.

Let’s take a look at the following 10 benefits of the internet in education for teachers and students, Sinaumed’s!

1. Information related to educational institutions is increasingly accessible

In the past, educational institutions still carried out promotions in conventional ways in the form of: brochures, banners , and so on to introduce educational institutions to the general public. Almost all educational institutions choose the way of providing booklets or brochures in promoting schools/universities.

By using conventional methods, the dissemination of information on educational institutions is less accessible to the general public. The presence of the internet changes conventional methods to be more efficient, fast, cost-effective, one of which is by creating a website . The existence of an educational institution website will make it easier for people to access information about certain educational institutions without having to come directly to the location. Can be accessed anywhere and anytime can be accessed by the general public.

2. Save time and money in recruiting new employees

Today there is no need to advertise job vacancies in print media. Simply providing information on the official website or social media of the relevant educational institution, it will make it easier for everyone to access this information. Besides being more efficient and having wider access, this is also more cost-effective because you don’t have to pay for advertising services. Job seekers can easily find the vacancies they want with only internet access.

3. Provide convenience in attracting the interest of prospective students/students

The existence of an educational institution’s website will certainly bring its own charm to those who see it. In order to make it more interesting to look at, the content on the web must be well designed and beautiful so that it looks more attractive and easy to read and understand, in this case, prospective students/students.

4. As a reference for making teaching materials

In the past, we could only get teaching materials or references to support learning through print media, for example: books, newspapers and magazines. Now, teachers can choose the internet as another alternative in finding reference materials that are more complete, up-to-date, and easily accessible.

To be able to teach well and transfer knowledge effectively, the teacher must master the knowledge of the material to be delivered. Teachers can use the internet to find any references needed about the material to be taught. If the teacher has enough material, students will get good and useful material too.

In addition to saving costs because you don’t need to buy printed references, you can also save more time because just one search will show up many references you want and need.

5. The learning method will be more interesting!

As a teacher (teacher/lecturer), you sometimes face obstacles in providing understanding to your students. There is a possibility that caused this to happen, maybe not because the material is difficult, but because the delivery is less effective.

Teachers who only teach with method A continuously and students who are taught do not understand, then the victims are students. As a teacher, you must be aware and know if there is something wrong with the way you teach. This can be seen if the teacher knows several methods of teaching. If using method A fails, there are still methods B, C, etc. that can be tried. The teaching methods are fully available on the internet if the teacher wants to look for them.

If the teacher teaches with a method that is monotonous, boring, and difficult to understand. This will make students more lazy to study. Therefore, teachers can look for other options in delivering material via the internet.

6. As a medium of discussion between teachers

Teachers of course have groups in one subject, if as a teacher it is called MGMP or Subject Teacher Consultation. With the internet, it provides benefits during the discussion. Discussions can be carried out without having to meet face to face. Through WhatsApp chat-groups or other messaging applications, discussions can still be carried out.

7. Availability of multimedia facilities

We can find multimedia facilities on the internet that can be found and are very supportive for visualizing explanations to their students. By looking directly at the media in the form of images or videos, it is hoped that it will make it easier for students to understand the material even though the teacher can only explain the outline.

The existence of multimedia facilities on the internet is not only beneficial for teachers. Students will also find it easier to understand the material in accordance with the form of visualization (images & videos). Students will more easily remember the material if it is given in the form of pictures/videos.

8. Make it easier to find subject matter

As is the case with teachers, it will be easier for students to find reference material for subject matter on the internet. Apart from being easily accessible, on the internet it is usually easier to understand in a shorter way.

Moreover, the access is free or not expensive, it is also beneficial for students because it saves expenses. Students who have a strong desire to develop and progress, then the desire to learn and curiosity must also be high. With the internet, students will find it easier to find reading material for study.

9. Make it easy to learn foreign languages

As we all know, the internet is global. We will find various articles that use foreign languages. This will indirectly force students to also learn and understand the foreign language.

Students can also practice learning foreign languages ​​through YouTube or foreign language learning service providers on the internet.

10. As a means of obtaining scholarship information.

With the internet, any information will spread more quickly, including scholarship info. For students who are looking for scholarships, they can quickly get scholarship information via the internet and social media such as Instagram , Facebook , Twitter , and so on.

In fact, another advantage is that the registration mechanism doesn’t have to bother coming in person to register. We only need to fill in the data and requirements needed by the scholarship selection committee. Everything can be done easily, with the internet and its benefits in education.

In addition to those mentioned above, the internet in the field of education certainly has other benefits. Even though it has many benefits, we cannot deny that it has a negative side. Let’s use the internet for positive things. Make the internet a staple in positive things.

Currently the internet has become a secondary need, no longer a tertiary need. Almost everyone already has a smartphone so that they can easily connect to each other with the internet.

How Important is the Internet in the Field of Education?

After discussing the benefits, then how is the importance of the internet in education? Currently, the development of Internet technology in everyday life has an extraordinary positive impact on various aspects of life, including in the world of education, although it cannot be denied that it has a negative impact as well.

The education system which is supported by good internet technology has produced distance learning methods that can be used by teachers and students at schools or universities. Especially during this pandemic, when we are all limited to interacting directly with each other for fear of transmission of Covid-19.

Therefore, currently the internet has an important role as a means of supporting the development of the quality of education in Indonesia. Available online meetings through Google Meet and Zoom Meetings are our alternatives to be able to carry out teaching and learning activities during this pandemic.

The main benefit that we get from the existence of the Internet in education is as a means of finding and obtaining information. Moreover, the information available on the internet is more up-to-date than books or other sources available in the library. We can say that almost all information about education can be accessed via the internet, including subject matter, curriculum, syllabus, study questions, and how to do it.

In addition, the internet also makes it easier for us to find literature references. We only need to type in the keywords according to our needs, then we will immediately get information according to the literature keywords.

The current use of internet technology is a distance education system. Almost all universities or higher education implement distance education. This allows students to carry out lectures without having to attend the university. We can also access learning modules remotely without worrying about where we are.

Book Recommendations About the Benefits of the Internet in Education

There are several reading materials about the benefits of the internet in education, including:

1. 3 Hours to Master: Safe and Comfortable Internet Access (2021) by Kadokawa Gempak Starz

Lately there has been quite a lot of news about children who are addicted to online games and can’t quit social media. This will have a negative impact if not handled properly and correctly. Have we used the internet properly and safely? This book discusses how to learn how to avoid the dangers and negative impacts of the internet.

2. Information and Communication Technology for Class XII High School (2013) by Adi Pratomo, et al.

The rapid development of information and communication technology has an effect on human life today. The use of ICT properly must be introduced or socialized so that students can use it properly and optimally. It is hoped that this high school series ICT book can help students to obtain, process, and manage information properly.

3. Computer Starter Guide: Let’s Get to Know the Internet (2021) by Zaenal A. Rozi

This book, written by Zaenal A. Rozi, provides references and guidelines for anyone who wants to study the internet, master internet technology, and make good use of internet services. The author hopes that this book can become literature in the learning process of information and communication technology in schools and for general study.

Well, that’s an article about the benefits of the internet in education. Hopefully it will be useful for Sinaumed’s, okay!

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Benefits of Studying History – There is a quote from the great figure of our independence, namely from the first president of the Republic of Indonesia Bung Karno which reads “Jas Merah” which stands for “Never Forget History”.

From this quote, it explains to us that the important role of history has a very big impact on the life of both the life of a nation and the world. Every journey of a person’s life, both what happened in the past and what is happening in the present, is a part of history, therefore we must not forget history because that is what shapes a person’s personality today.

What happened in the world is also history which is no less important to learn and interpret in everyday life. Like the dark history that has happened, we should remember and mark it so that the same incident does not happen in the future. It’s different again, if the beautiful history that happened in the past there is hope or effort from us to try to re-carve that beautiful history back in the present.

History is a very important science in relation to human development, culture, and advanced technology that we can enjoy today. By studying history in our lives we can interpret life more carefully and become a reflection for us to start a better life in the present and in the future.

But do you know about the important benefits of studying history in everyday life? If you want to know about history and are interested in learning about it, in this discussion we will try to discuss the important benefits of studying history in everyday life. Furthermore, we will explain the discussion below.

Benefits of Reading Al-Quran – For Muslims, reading Al-Quran is one of the obligatory worship. Not just reading, but also practicing its contents in everyday life. However, when reading the Koran, have we done the ethics correctly? 

Then, what are the ethical benefits of reading the holy book? Let’s see!

10 Benefits of Reading Al-Quran

The following are 10 benefits of reading the Al-Quran that you need to know:

1. Obtaining Rewards from Allah SWT

From reading the Al-Quran, getting multiple rewards from Allah SWT is the most important benefit. Allah understands our intentions in reading the holy book even though we are stammering while carrying it out. 

Rasulullah SAW once said regarding the reward obtained from reading the Al-Quran, namely “Allah SWT said, ‘Whoever keeps himself busy reading the Al-Quran so that he forgets to pray and ask Me, I will give him a reward that is more important than the reward of those who grateful people.’” (Narrated by At-Tirmidhi)

Based on the words of Rasulullah SAW, it is clear that reading the Al-Quran is a mandatory worship and is very liked by Allah SWT. 

2. Saved on the Day of Judgment in the Hereafter

The degree of people who always keep themselves busy reading the Al-Quran will be raised especially on the day of reckoning on the Day of Resurrection. Their degrees will always rise to the top, namely heaven.

Rasulullah SAW said, “There are three people who on the Day of Resurrection will be on a sand dune of black musk without being touched by fear and no reckoning will be known until the reckoning for all humans is finished. First, people who read the Koran because they expect the pleasure of Allah Azza wa Jalla. Second, people who lead a group of people by reading it and they are pleased with him.

Based on the words of Rasulullah SAW, it can be said that someone who always reads the Koran hoping to be pleased by Allah SWT will be saved from the day of reckoning on the Day of Judgment.

3. Become a Family and Trust in Allah SWT

Based on the words of Rasulullah SAW who said “Al-Quran experts are the family and trust of Allah”.

In these words, an expert on the Koran or someone who always reads the holy book of the Koran, will become a privileged person as well as the trust of Allah SWT.

In addition, by reading the Al-Quran we can be closer to Allah SWT. As contained in the following words!

Ahmad bin Hanbal said, “I dreamed of seeing Allah Azza wa Jalla. I asked, ‘My Lord, what is the most important way for someone to draw near to You?’ He replied, ‘With My word, O Ahmad.’ I asked again, ‘O my Lord, do you understand it or not understand it?’ He replied, ‘Understanding it or not understanding it.’

4. Being the Best Medicine when Sick

Reading the holy book Al-Quran makes our feelings, hearts and minds peaceful. Why? Because in the holy book of the Koran, the verses contain pleasure and beauty that can be felt by experts in the Koran.

Imam Al-Suyuthi, in Al-Itqan, argues that there are twenty-five features in the holy book Al-Quran. He said, “Ibn Majah from others narrated that Ibn Mas’ud said, ‘You should be treated with the Koran and honey.”

In addition, another hadith also mentions the benefits of the Al-Quran which can be the best medicine when sick, namely “The best medicine is the Al-Quran”.

Not only that, Talhah bin Mushrif said “If the Koran is read to someone who is sick, the pain will be light.”

5. The house is blessed by Allah SWT

The house we live in, if we often read the holy verses of the Koran, Allah SWT will certainly bless us. If family members who are at home always open and read the Koran, then the house seems to glow brightly because of this worship.

Amr bin Al-‘Ash said that “Every verse in the Quran is a level in heaven and a lamp in your house.”

6. Keep away from Satan

Satan or jinn are God’s creatures who will always disturb our faith. However, we can prevent this by reading the Al-Quran. 

Abu Hurairah narrated that “The jinn once said to me, ‘If you want to sleep, read the verses of Al-Kursi. Thus, you will always be under Allah’s protection and satan cannot approach you until dawn.”

Rasulullah SAW also said about this, namely “About this, the jinn is true, even though he often lies.” (Narrated by Al-Bukhari)

Apart from that, Abu Hurairah also narrated the words of Rasulullah SAW regarding houses where demons will not enter if we diligently read the Koran, namely “The house where surah Al-Baqarah is recited will not be entered by demons.” (Reported by Al-Tirmidhi)

In fact, the verses contained in the holy book Al-Quran can also be an antidote to witchcraft or other satanic crimes. 

Ibn Baththal said regarding this matter, “In Al-Mu’awwidzat (Surat Al-Falaq and Al-Nas) there is a secret that is not found in anything other than the Al-Quran. Because, it includes all the prayers that include many things that are not liked, such as witchcraft, lust, devil’s evil, and waswas. Therefore, Rasulullah SAW felt enough with the surah.

7. Always Get Protection from Allah SWT

The benefit of reading the next holy book Al-Quran is that we as God’s creatures will always receive protection from Him. 

Abu Hurairah ra narrated that Rasulullah SAW said, “Whoever reads the entire Surah Al-Dukhan, the beginning of Surah Al-Mu’min to the verse: ilaihi al-mashir (verses 1-3), and Ayat Al-Kursi in the evening, he will be protected until the next morning. Whoever reads it in the morning, he is protected until the evening.” (Reported by Al-Tirmidhi)

8. Makes the Heart Calm

Sinaumed’s~ Do you often experience an uneasy heart? Either feel anxious or think as if something unpleasant will happen. Well, so that these feelings disappear, it’s good for us to read the holy book Al-Quran.

Ibn ‘Abbas ra narrated that Rasulullah SAW said, “If you feel anxious, read the verse: He is the Beginning and the Last, the Exalted and the Most Insightful, and He Knows everything (QS Al-Hadid [57]: 3 )” (Narrated by Abu Dawud).

9. Contains Science

Science that developed in ancient times and today, everything has been written down by Allah SWT through the holy book Al-Quran. 

Ibn Mas’Ud said, “If you want knowledge, study and understand the Koran because it contains the knowledge of people from past generations and generations to come.”

10. Granted Our Prayers

The prayers that we often ask Allah SWT, surely some are answered and some are not. Why? Because indeed not everything we ask of Him will be given. Sometimes Allah SWT does destroy your plans so that the plans you have made do not destroy you in the future.

Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqash narrated that Rasulullah SAW said, “The prayer of Dzun Nun (Prophet Yunus AS) while in the whale was, ‘La ilaha illa Anta, subhanaka inni kuntu minazh-zhalimin, there is no God but You, Glory to You . Surely I am among those who wrong themselves.’ If a Muslim prays with this to ask for something, Allah will surely grant it. ” (Reported by Al-Tirmidhi in Al-Hakim)

If you want the prayers that you offer to Him to be heard by Him, be diligent in reading the Koran. 

Ethics of Reading Al-Quran

Sinaumed’s~ do you know what ethics should be followed when reading the Al-Quran? It’s the same with eating etiquette or walking etiquette, to even read a holy book it turns out that there are manners, you know~

1. Before reading the Koran

When we want to read the holy book Al-Quran, it would be nice for us to read the following prayer:

ta’awwudz a’udzu billahisami’il-alimi minasy-syaithanir-rajim. Rabbi a’udzu bika min ha mazatisy-syayathin, wa a’udzu bika rabbi an yahdhurun.

It means: 

I seek refuge in All-Hearing and All-Knowing Allah from the temptations of the accursed devil. O my Lord, I seek refuge in You from the whisperings of satan, and I seek refuge in You, O my Lord, from their coming to me.

After that, you should also read Surah Al-Nas and Surah Al-Fatihah, ok…

2. While reading the Koran

When you are reading the holy book Al-Quran, especially when reading tasbih verses, you should sing the tasbih and recite the takbir as well. 

Then, when reading a verse that contains prayer and forgiveness, you should also pray and recite forgiveness.

Then, when you read a verse of the Koran related to something that you are hoping for, you should ask Him so that your wish will be granted by Him.

After that, if you read the verses of the holy Quran about something that you are afraid of, you should ask Him for protection. 

Do not forget to recite the following prayer, verbally or mentally.

Subhanallah, naudzu billah, allahummarzuqna, allahummarhamna.

(Glory be to Allah. You take refuge in Allah. O Allah, give us sustenance, O Allah, have mercy on us).

3. After reading the Koran

After reading the holy book Al-Quran, it would be nice if we read the following prayer, okay…

Shadaqallahu ta’ala wa balagha Rasulullahi shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, allahummanfa’na bihi, wa baraka lama fihi, alhamdu lillahi rabbil-alamin, wa astagfirullahal-hayyal-qayyum

It means:

It is true that Allah Most High, Rasulullah SAW, has conveyed the truth, O Allah, make this useful for me and bless me with it. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. I ask forgiveness from Allah, the Most Living and Most Self-Sufficient.

4. Expert Opinion Regarding the Ethics of Reading the Al-Quran

Hudzaifah said “I prayed with Rasulullah SAW. He read Surah Al-Baqarah. Every time he recited a verse about mercy, he made a wish, every time he read a verse about torment, he asked for protection, and every time he read a verse about purification, he glorified.”

Abu Awalkah narrated that Ya’la bin Malik asked Umm Salamah about how Rasulullah SAW read the holy book Al-Quran. Then, Umm Salamah explained the reading accompanied by an explanation letter by letter (HR Al-Tirmidzim Abu Dawud, and Al-Nasa’i)

Abu Beginkah also narrated that Umm Salamah said, ‘Rasulullah SAW sometimes stopped his recitation and recited Alhamdu lillahi rabbil-alamin , then stopped and read Al-rahman al-rahim , then stopped. (Reported by Al-Tirmidhi)

Qatadah narrated that Anas was once asked, “How did Rasulullah SAW recite the Al-Quran?” 

He then replied. “He read it by lengthening (letters that should be read long). He read bismillahirrahmanirrahim . He lengthened bismillah , extended al-rahman , and extended al-rahim . (Reported by Al-Bukhari)

Hudzaifah narrated that Rasulullah SAW once said, “Read the Al-Quran in Arabic dialect and sound. Beware of the dialect of ahl al-‘isq (worshippers of love) and the dialect of ahl al-kitabain (Jews and Christians). After my death, there will be a group of people who repeat the Koran and do it, but the recitation of the Koran is only in their throats. Their hearts and the hearts of their admirers have been exposed to slander.”

Thawus narrated that Rasulullah SAW was asked, about who is the person whose voice and recitation is the best in reading the Al-Quran? He replied, “The person when you hear him reading (the Koran), you see him fear Allah. (Reported by Al-Tirmidhi)

Facts About Al-Quran

1. Reading the Koran at night

From Abdullah bin Amr ibn Al-Ash ra. that Rasulullah SAW once said, “Whoever gets up at night reading ten verses will be recorded as a person who is not negligent, who reads a hundred verses will be recorded as a steady and strong person, who reads a thousand verses is recorded as a wealthy person.” (Narrated by Abu Dawud, Ibn Huzaimah)

2. The parable of the person who reads the Koran

Sinaumed’s~, read a lot of Al-Quran, ok?

Because by reading, studying, and teaching the Koran, you will become the most beloved human being by Allah SWT.

A hadith states that “The best of you are those who study the Koran and teach it” (Narrated by Bukhari, Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i, and Ibn Majah)

In addition, it is also mentioned in another hadith, “The parable of a believer who reads the Koran is like the fruit of utrujjah (sweet lime), smells good, and tastes good. And the parable of a believer who does not read the Koran is like a date fruit, it has no smell but tastes sweet. And the parable of the hypocrite who reads the Koran is like a fruit that is harvested, smells good but tastes bitter. And the parable of a hypocrite who does not read the Koran is like a bitter gourd, odorless and bitter in taste. (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim)

3. Other Languages ​​in the Koran that are Non-Arabic

We certainly know that in the holy book Al-Quran contains Arabic. However, did you know that there are several words originating from the ‘ajam language (other than Arabic), which underwent Arabicization so that they became part of the Arabic language.

What are you doing?

• Al-Qisthas (in Roman means scales) in QS Al-Isra: 35
• Sijjiil (in Persian means stone from the ground) in QS Al-Fiil: 4
• Misykat (in Indian language means a hole in the wall that is not transparent) in QS An-Nur: 35
• Istabraq (in Persian means thick silk cloth) in QS al-Kahf: 31

4. By listening to the Koran, blood pressure can decrease

Did you know that by listening to the recitation of the holy Al-Quran, our blood pressure can drop?

Al-Quran gives enlightenment to readers and listeners (QS. Al-Israa: 82). Allah promises a multiplied reward for those who read and listen to the holy verses of the Koran. Apart from that, Al-Quran can also be medicine and antidote, you know~~

According to research conducted by Dr. Ahmed E. Qazi and friends, showed that high blood pressure can decrease while listening to the recitation of the Koran. The transmission of sounds and vibrations from the letters of the Koran can stimulate feelings of strength, peace of mind, concentration of mind, majesty, and so on.

5. The Spherical Earth Sign in the Koran

Hayooo Sinaumed’s~ are you included in the discussion about round and non-spherical earth? 

In the Al-Quran, it has been explained that the shape of the earth is round. At that time, a friend asked about where the objects in space were. 

Then, Rasulullah SAW replied, “He remains in his place. Not moving and shifting. It sinks for one people and rises for another. It sinks and rises in one people (and at the same time) one people says it sinks, while another people says it rises. (Musnad Imam Abiy Ishak Al-Hamadany)

The hadith explains that this will not happen if the earth is not round. 

God’s Word, “… And each one circulates in its orbit”. (QS. Yassin: 40). 

During the time of the caliph Al-Makmun, measurements of the earth’s area were carried out very carefully. This is based on the belief that the earth is round, Al-Biruni also divides the globe into lines of longitude and latitude based on the same belief. 

Also read other articles related to  “The Benefits of Reading the Al-Quran”  :

• Procedure for Ablution
• Definition of Al-Quran and Hadith
• Definition of Morals
• Noble Qualities
• Honest Behavior in Islam
• Definition of Zakat
• Pillars of Hajj
• Understanding Faith In Angels
• Understanding Aurat
• List of 99 Asmaul Husna
• Zakat Fitrah and Zakat Mal

Best Selling Books:

• Children’s book Learning to recite
• Islamic Children’s Book
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Author: Rifda Arum

Editor: Farah Fadila

Source:

• Mahmud, Shaykh ‘Abdul-Halim. (2005). Happy Life with Al-Quran . Bandung: PT Mizan Pustaka
• Hidayah Magazine Team. (2009). Did you know Anta? Unique and Interesting Information About the Islamic World . Cibubur: PT Variapop Group.

Benefits of Plants for Humans – Plants have very important benefits for humans and the environment around them. The existence of plants is an important resource, such as for medicine, climate, air conditioning, and so on.

Not only that, usually plants also function as garden or room decorations to make them look fresh, beautiful, and comfortable. This is what distinguishes the earth from other planets.

This ability to support life on earth is what makes plants have benefits for humans. However, as humans we often neglect to forget the importance of the benefits of these plants.

Sinaumed’s can also read one of the following ebook recommendations entitled “Collection of Efficacious Plants” by Bayu Satya which can be your solution at home in knowing the benefits of collecting efficacious plants. Come on, just click below!

So, this article will discuss and remind you that plants have various benefits for everyday human life. Listen to the end of the article, Sinaumed’s!

The following are 10 benefits of plants for humans, which are as follows.

1. Oxygen Producer

The first benefit that can be felt from the existence of plants for humans is as a producer of oxygen which is necessary for humans or other living things, such as animals to breathe. This can happen if the plant carries out the photosynthesis process so that it will produce oxygen and sugar gas which is a food reserve.

In addition, plants will also absorb carbon dioxide gas in the air. Carbon dioxide gas is a type of poisonous gas and is dangerous for humans. With the presence of plants that live around humans, the gas can be absorbed properly so that humans can get enough oxygen and avoid the dangers of toxic gases.

2. Food Source

Plants do have one of the benefits as a source of food for humans. Starting from the stems, leaves, roots, flowers, to the fruit can be consumed by humans as a source of food or drink.

Usually, in rural areas to urban areas, several plants are commonly used as a source of daily food consumption, for example the roots of root crops, such as cassava and sweet potato, which can be consumed as a food source to replace rice.

Not only that, the leaves of plants can also be used as a source of daily food for humans. For example, cassava leaves and papaya leaves are usually used as fresh vegetables or stir-fried vegetables. Meanwhile, rosella flowers or kecombrang flowers in plants that can be used as a drink or food ingredient.

3. Controlling Temperature

Plants have other benefits for humans and the surrounding environment, namely they can control the temperature in a certain area or region. If we usually see in the Bogor or Bandung area that there is a large tree on the side of the road then it functions to control the temperature in that area.

Vehicles that pass through the area, such as cars, trucks, and motorbikes will certainly emit pollution and heat. The benefits of plants that are on the side of the road can function to control temperature to neutralize the environment. That way, pedestrians passing by the side of the road will feel more shaded because these big trees can protect them from exposure to the sun so it makes it cooler.

Sinaumed’s doesn’t need to worry if he wants to know more about some information about temperature. Because here are recommendations for ebooks that you shouldn’t miss. Click below yes!

4. Reducing Air Pollution

Air pollution can cause health problems in the human body. Therefore, the benefits of plants for humans and other living things are that they can reduce air pollution. It can be proven that the presence of plants and green spaces in various areas can reduce pollution so that it can be absorbed properly and can improve air quality to make it cooler and cleaner.

Every plant and green space that is built certainly has the ability to reduce air pollution. Forests planted in an appropriate area in an urban or industrial environment will be very effective due to an increase in the surface area capable of absorbing pollutants.

5. Preventing Climate Change

Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. The function of carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that contributes to preventing climate change.

This carbon dioxide is used as a building block for new tissues, such as roots, branches, stems and leaves which function as carbon storage.

In an area, if there are forests that are cut down or burned, some of the carbon that has been stored in plant tissues and soil will be released into the atmosphere. Therefore, plants are very important to humans in preventing climate change and protecting some of these habitats.

Sinaumed’s can also read one of the following book recommendations as reading material to find out more about the ongoing climate change. Don’t run out, Sinaumed’s!

6. Maintain Mental Health

The next benefit of plants that are obtained for humans is that they can maintain mental health. Plants are not only good for people and the environment, they are also beneficial for our general well-being.

A research study has shown that exercising in green open spaces where there are lots of plants can maintain mental health in the human body, such as reducing stress and anxiety levels.

The natural coolness and freshness found in plants has a positive impact on the pattern of the human mind so that it can reduce stress and anxiety within.

If your mental health problems can’t be prevented through herbs or are getting more and more protracted, you don’t need to worry, Sinaumed’s. Because the recommendation of one of the following books can find out how your mental health is, of course if it doesn’t get better you need to be treated by a doctor. Click on the book below!

7. Improve Mood and Concentration

Several types of plants such as lavender or plants in ornamental plants can be trusted to improve mood to concentrate on someone. Therefore, during a pandemic like this, many of us choose to keep ornamental plants in our home environment to fill our free time so that we can reduce stress levels and maintain mood levels and concentration in the body.

8. Source of Herbal Medicines

Sinaumed’s does not know that one of the benefits of plants for humans is that they can be a source of herbal medicines. If we can process it properly then these herbal medicines can overcome various types of diseases.

Some herbal plants contain compounds and nutritious substances that can fight viruses and bacteria in the body. For example, cat’s whiskers herbs or plants that are able to overcome gout or rheumatism, turmeric which can prevent blood clots, betel leaves which can prevent cancer and speed up the healing process of burns, and so on.

9. Maintaining Soil Quality

Another benefit of plants for humans is that they can maintain soil quality. Plants are one of the most important factors in maintaining good soil conditions.

The roots and microorganisms that live around it will unite the soil so as to reduce soil erosion. Another thing can also happen if there are some leaves that fall from the tree and when the plant dies or rots it can fertilize the soil so that other plants can develop and grow properly.

10. Regulates the Water Cycle

Another benefit of plants for humans that Sinaumed’s must know is that they can regulate the water cycle. This is because the moisture in the atmosphere is released by plants as much as 10% through the transpiration process.

Then, the plant takes in water through its roots and releases moisture into the tiny pores on the underside of the leaves. Through this process of transpiration can also help plants in flowing water from the soil to return to the atmosphere.

Not only that, plants also help in stabilizing water bodies, for example in rivers or lakes. Roots in plants can increase soil stability, prevent landslides, and keep ecosystems intact.

• Benefits of Honey for Health and Beauty
• Benefits of Peanuts
• Benefits of Corn for Health
• Benefits of Lime for Health
• Betel Leaf Benefits for Health
• Black Seed Benefits
• Benefits of Kencur for the Body
• Benefits of Soy Milk for Health
• Benefits of Waking Up Early
• Benefits of Eating Raw Garlic
• Benefits of Aloe Vera for Health
• Benefits of Green Tea
• Benefits of Pineapple Fruit
• Benefits of Tomatoes

So, that’s the discussion in this article about the 10 benefits of plants for humans . We hope that after reading this article, Sinaumed’s can better appreciate and care for plants and the importance of plants in everyday life. Apart from that, this article can also add to your knowledge about the benefits of plants that you don’t know, Sinaumed’s.

If Sinaumed’s has an interest in finding other benefits about plants for humans, you can look for references to related books which are only available on the sinaumedia.com website , which are ready to become #Friends Without Borders in accompanying you to grow and move forward every day. Happy learning and hopefully useful!

Author: Elsya Islamay