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What are Proxies? – The internet is one of the most important things nowadays, with the internet we can do many things. Starting from looking for information, contacting someone, looking for various entertainment, many people cannot even be separated from the internet because their job requires them to stay online all the time. But the existence of the internet is also often misused by certain people.

Not once or twice, we hear about various cases of crimes committed by other people on the internet. One of the most frequent cases is the case of data theft. Usually, data theft is carried out by certain streams of hackers, then this data is used for bad things such as cases of fraud or extortion.

To anticipate this kind of crime, of course we need protection. Considering that these crimes occur in cyberspace, the protection we need is clearly different from the real world.

In fact, there are many ways we can protect ourselves from crime in cyberspace, one of which is by using a proxy. The question is, what is a proxy? For people working in the IT world, proxies are not something foreign to their ears.

But for ordinary people, the term proxy is something new and difficult to understand, even if the browser they use every day uses any type of proxy, they still won’t realize it.

If you are one of those people who are fairly new to proxies, and are curious to learn about them, you are now reading the right article. Here, we will talk about proxies. Not only answering the question, “What is a proxy?”, but complete with various types of proxies, as well as the function of using a proxy for you. Here’s the full explanation!

What are proxies?

Before discussing the benefits and types of proxies, we will start by discussing the most basic thing first, namely the definition of proxies. A proxy is a server that acts as a link between the internet and a computer.

In simple terms, when we go online and do a search, our command will reach the proxy, then the proxy will forward our request to another server on the internet. After getting an answer from a server on the internet, the proxy will forward the answer from the search results and display the answer on our computer screen.

Proxy types

Although their main purpose is to connect computers and internet servers, proxies are not just one type. For those of you who don’t know, proxies are divided into four types. Of course, each type of proxy is not the same, and has a different way of working and level of security. So what’s the difference between one proxy and another? Here’s an explanation!

1. Transparent proxies

The first type of proxy is a transparent proxy. Transparent proxy itself is a proxy that forwards our requests to servers on the internet without telling information about the device we are using. In a way, transparent proxies are the most common type of proxy, and are usually used on computers in offices.

The minus of this proxy is, even though they don’t leak our IP to other servers, they are less secure because they don’t encrypt the data we have. If there is an intrusion, our data and various personal information will be easily read by unwanted people.

2. Anonymous proxies

The second type of proxy is an anonymous proxy. A level stronger than a transparent proxy, an anonymous proxy is a type of proxy that will tell the user’s internet protocol or proxy IP to a server on the internet without telling the user’s actual private IP. So when you surf in cyberspace, servers on the internet will not know your private IP. Instead, servers on the internet will only identify you as a proxy.

3. Distorting proxies

Distorting proxies at first glance are similar to anonymous proxies, what makes them different is that this one proxy will provide fake IP addresses to servers on the internet. If you use a distorting proxy, you can change some information about the device you are using, including providing a fake location or a location that is different from your actual location.

The advantage of this proxy is that you can freely access blocked content in an area without any problems. Of course, you shouldn’t use this opportunity to do negative things that can harm anyone, including yourself.

4. High anonymity proxies

Among all proxies, high anonymity proxy is the most secure type of proxy and is recommended for use by everyone who works with the internet. By using this type of high anonymity proxy, the server will not only be unable to get your private IP, but also your proxy IP.

Instead, the server will only find a random IP that acts as a client. This type of proxy is well encrypted, and more difficult for others to track, including even malicious hackers.

Benefits of using proxies

At the beginning it was explained that a proxy is a link between us and a server on the internet. But being a link is not the only thing a proxy server can do. For those of you who don’t know, using a proxy also gives us some quite beneficial benefits, what kind of benefits?

1. Maintain user security in cyberspace

Apart from acting as a liaison, a proxy also functions as a protector between us and the internet network. So after our gadget goes online and gets internet protocol or IP, the server or ISP can easily get information about the device we are using.

Starting from the type of device, some personal information, even worse, the server can track our current location. You certainly don’t want your location to be tracked by strangers, do you? To avoid this terrible thing, one way is to use a proxy.

Proxies will secure our private computer network by hiding private IP addresses, so that the public network cannot get information from the device we are using at that time.

2. Access blocked websites

We can access not all websites in this world. Some are hidden by users, some are unreachable due to geographical location, or it could be because they are blocked by the local government. For example, you are in a country, and you want to access social media.

Unfortunately the country blocks the social media that we use, so you can’t access it. By using a proxy, you can stay online on social media and access your accounts. To open access, you can use a distorting proxy.

As previously discussed, with this proxy not only is our IP hidden, but we can also change the actual location, and provide a fake location as if you were not in that country’s territory.

4. Traffic monitoring

By using a proxy, you can monitor internet users in a place and see what they are doing with their computers. Usually this is applied in schools or companies to find out employee activities when using a company or school’s computer.

By using a proxy, a computer user who opens a prohibited website can easily be found out and prosecuted by the party concerned.

5. Block certain sites

Apart from giving access to blocked sites, and monitoring what other people are doing, proxies can also block certain sites by using filtering features. With this feature, you can block websites that you think are dangerous to access. Parents can protect their children by blocking websites deemed inappropriate for children. In addition, the filtering feature of this proxy is also sometimes used by companies to ensure that their employees cannot access certain websites with the company’s internet network.

6. Improve internet performance for the better

Apart from being able to protect private IP, block or provide access to certain websites, the existence of a proxy can actually make our internet performance better than before. This is because the proxy will save bandwidth from the user’s internet connection. With these savings, internet performance will be better which automatically also makes our internet access faster.

Disadvantages and Advantages of using a proxy

Like two different sides of a coin, proxies also have many advantages. But those advantages do not mean the proxy is a perfect server. Proxy servers in fact also have some drawbacks. For those of you who are interested in using a proxy, you must first know the advantages and disadvantages of a proxy before using it!

Pros of using proxies

One of the main advantages of using a proxy is that you will be protected from hacking threats. Some proxies will hide your real IP address so that people will find it difficult to access your computer. Not only are you protected from bad people, you will also be protected from dangerous websites such as sites designed by hackers, or sites that can secretly invite viruses to enter your computer.

Finally, proxies also store all the information you need through cache. As a result, when you open a website that you have visited before, the website will appear faster on the computer monitor screen. Very interesting isn’t it?

Disadvantages of using proxies

1. Proxies are vulnerable to cyber attacks

Proxies can indeed protect our computers from light hacking, but proxies will not be able to survive if our computers get complex and sophisticated cyber attacks. This is because some proxies don’t have encryption. Plus, the majority of proxies still use SSL certificates to encrypt data. As a result, when SSL encryption is executed, the data we have becomes vulnerable to attack.

2. Easy to trace their whereabouts

Proxies store almost all device information that we use. That information includes your password, location, phone number, and even your home address. Actually, this information will remain safe, provided that the proxy is not infiltrated by the provider.

If that happens, your personal information is obviously under serious threat. These intruders can easily steal all personal information in the cache data, and misuse it to commit various crimes such as fraud.

3. Not always compatible with the network

Proxies can indeed be the best choice for protecting your personal information. The problem is, not all proxies can be used for your computer network. One of the reasons, because the network and proxies have their own configuration.

When the proxy used is not compatible or does not match the network you have, there are only two solutions. First, you can look for other types of proxies that suit your network, or you can configure yourself to suit both.

4. The user must first configure the code

As previously explained, sometimes we have to configure ourselves by writing some code so that the proxy is compatible with the network we have. For those who are used to it, this is definitely not a problem. But for those who are new to it, configuring the code is quite a challenge.

The reason is, they have to write the code as perfect as possible. The more perfect the code you write, the better. This is done to prevent hackers from entering and stealing your personal data. The problem is not everyone has this ability right?

The risks of using proxies

With the various benefits above, using a proxy looks like the right choice. But like all things, using a proxy also comes with risks that must be borne by the user. So what are the risks? Let’s find out together!

1.Proxies secretly record all the activities we do

Proxies do hide our activity and private IP address from outside servers. But secretly, they also record all of our activities, including various personal information that we have typed on the internet. On the positive side, you can access a website more quickly.

On the downside, your personal data is a bit vulnerable. Indeed, the possibility of your data being stolen is very minimal, but still the possibility of criminal acts such as cyber attacks or data theft will always exist.

2. Not all proxies do encryption

Apart from only using SSL certificates for data encryption, certain proxies, such as transparent proxies, don’t even do encryption at all. For those of you who don’t know, encryption is the process of scrambling data and turning it into a series of secret codes that can only be understood by people who do have access to read them.

The absence of encryption makes it very easy for third parties or hackers to read our information. This is certainly very dangerous right? So make sure you choose the best type of proxy to ensure the security of your personal data.

So that’s an explanation about proxies, types of proxies, as well as their benefits for users. With a number of benefits and advantages, using a proxy can indeed be a good choice to protect all of our data from bad people. But that doesn’t mean you can choose a proxy carelessly.

If you have read the explanation about proxies and their types, you will know that there are several types of proxies, and all types work in different ways. So make sure you choose a strong and secure type of proxy, you also have to make sure that the proxy you choose is compatible with your computer network.

For Sinaumed’s who want to learn all about proxies, you can really visit www.sinaumedia.com . Here, you can get various books about proxies and other sciences. As #FriendsWithoutLimits, we always try to provide the best and latest information for you.

Author: Siti Marliah

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What are NFTs? – Investment nowadays is getting more interesting, there are lots of new investment assets that have sprung up, one of which is the Non-Fungible Token asset or commonly known as the NFT. The presence of NFT itself has attracted a lot of attention from various groups of people in Indonesia, such as big investors, crypto lovers, art collectors, and even game fans.

NFT is basically a digital asset that is in a blockchain technology network. Recently, NFT has been hotly discussed in the crypto world, this is because NFT has succeeded in providing very high profits to artists, creators, musicians, and influencers. Their work, which had previously been converted into digital assets, succeeded in getting investors interested and they did not hesitate to buy these assets in the form of NFTs at very fantastic prices.

In short, NFT can be understood as a piece of digital asset content related to the blockchain. NFT itself is the latest innovation of maximizing the use of blockchain networks on ethereum and bitcoin and others. This is the main reason why NFTs can be worth up to tens of millions of US dollars. So, to understand more about NFTs and how they differ from other crypto assets, here is an explanation about NFTs and other crypto assets.

A. Know Non-Fungible Token (NFT)

The increasing popularity of various game industries and digital artworks has given rise to many new innovations in the world of technology. This is also supported by the increasing number of people connected by using the internet. Some of the progress that has been successfully achieved has resulted in a lot of data spreading that is getting out of control, one of which is the distribution and transaction of digital assets.

When plunging into cyberspace, sometimes many people feel confused in determining which is the original work and which is the result of duplication or duplication. Although many people can easily plagiarize works of art on the internet, works that have been produced in digital form can have intellectual property that will be protected. In overcoming this problem, Non-Fungible Token is present as a digital token or crypto asset that is founded on a blockchain technology network.

The keyword in the name NFT itself is Non-Fungible, the two words come from the terms Fungible and Token. Fungible can be interpreted as an asset’s ability to be exchanged with similar assets that have the same value. This can be analogized to when someone wants to exchange a Rp. 100,000 banknote for five banknotes worth Rp. 50,000. So the two banknotes in concept have the same value. Meanwhile, a token can be interpreted as a digital asset that can be used to represent goods, services, to various objects that have value.

In simple terms, NFT has almost the same function as a certificate of authenticity that is exclusively owned by someone in the real world. Information on these assets will also be shown about who the initial owner, final owner, to the issuer of the token or digital asset are. NFT assets have a different form from Bitcoin or other crypto assets, this type of crypto asset can be classified as a unique asset because each NFT has a different value according to the value given by the buyer. This uniqueness ultimately makes NFTs unable to be exchanged with other cryptocurrencies.

In 2017, many people began to recognize NFT due to the release of an NFT game called Crypto Kitties. Crypto Kitties is the first game to stand on the Ethereum blockchain network. By using the Crypto Kitties game, users can adopt, raise, and trade cats digitally or virtually. After that success, starting at the end of January 2021, NFTs are back in popularity and can grow so fast that they are able to attract many people into the world of crypto.

In 2021 until now, NFT has grown very rapidly and has become a medium for many people’s digital collections. NFT has succeeded in becoming a new solution or method that can support artists, such as artists, musicians, and athletes. With the development of blockchain with NFT, artists no longer need to market their works through third parties. Even though it is already very popular in the community, NFT is still very limited for a number of industries such as arts, hobbies, and entertainment.

NFT can be said to be an asset that has enormous potential in the future. As an asset that develops from the cryptocurrency system, NFT has a purpose, form, and method of use that is different from other crypto assets.

This is the reason why the process of selling a crypto asset called Non-Fungible Token is carried out using an auction system. If you want to register a product as a digital asset, the Non-Fungible Token itself includes images, music, videos, games, and even electronic books.

B. NFTs in the Art Industry

The emergence of NFTs, which have very unique characteristics, has become material for re-evaluating the digital arts sector so far. NFT offers the security required by works when they are published in digital form. So far, the highly advanced development of the internet has not been able to guarantee that a published work of art will not be duplicated by other people. NFTs have succeeded in providing guarantees to artists so that they are able to make a profit.

NFT technology that uses a blockchain-based system has succeeded in providing guarantees for artists’ works of art for their property rights. This innovation has helped artists fight against plagiarism and theft of creative ideas. In addition, the smart contract system that exists in NFTs makes artists feel more secure because they can write down the percentage of royalties when the work of art changes hands.

At this time, NFTs in the art industry have reached a record price tag. The most expensive digital artwork is currently still held by Beeple through a work of art entitled Everydays – The First 5000 Days. This NFT, which sold in March 2021, managed to reach a price of $ 69 million dollars. This success has proven that there is opportunity for NFT assets as well as physical works of art that are sold through exhibitions.

C. NFT in a Business Context

1. Property Certificates, Assets, and Licenses

NFT in its use can be used to link physical assets such as proof of house ownership to proof of other property ownership. NFTs can be a safer place to store physical property ownership deeds by utilizing a blockchain system that has a very fast verification process. Users don’t need to worry if valuable certificates are lost or stolen, the security provided by blockchain is able to protect valuable certificate ownership data.

It’s just that, the application and development of NFTs as a place to store valuable assets or certificates is still not much done. However, seeing the potential that NFT provides, it makes the future of securing valuable assets easy to use.

2. Ticketing and Membership Industry

Until now, there are still many problems found in the ticket industry. The problem that most often occurs is that many brokers buy tickets in large quantities and then resell them at a higher price. Furthermore, a problem that is no less often encountered is fraud by brokers or various ticket sales services that sell duplicated tickets.

In an effort to support the optimization of the ticket industry, the NFT concept can be a solution to overcome these two problems. With NFT, ticket sales can be done more quickly and safely by using a verification and identification system that is not easy to change.

Apart from overcoming problems in the ticketing industry, NFT can also provide innovation to manage membership or membership with a digital system. NFTs can be part of digitally identifying proof of a person’s membership. This can be very beneficial for members because they don’t need to be afraid if their data is lost, changed, or used by others.

The company that has used NFT as proof of membership card is Kraken Kraton. The ticket company has registered the five drawings into an NFT and is giving its members a lifetime discount or a special discount coupon.

3. Sports and Fashion Industry

The first use of NFT in the sports industry was marked by the creation of collectible cards from the NBA Top Shot. The existence of collection cards from NBA Top Shot allows basketball lovers to create a collection of important footage from the matches they watch. Not only that, the expansion of NFT in the world of sports was also followed by the Belgian Football League and Jupiler Pro League, which collaborated with game companies Ubisoft and Sorare to make a fantasy soccer game using NFT.

In 2019, NFT was increasingly trusted in the sports industry when a sports company from the United States, Nike, made a patent with the Crypto Kicks authentication system. The patent rights carried out by Nike mean that loyal purchases of special shoes will result in NFTs accompanied by complete information such as the shoe material, where it was made, and various other unique things. Crypto Kicks owners can also make design modifications to some shoes in their digital form into a new pair of shoes that can be purchased physically in the real world.

D. NFT In Hobbyist and Entertainment Industry

1. Collectibles

The existence of NFT has succeeded in creating a very potential market for conducting transactions for various collectibles. Currently, NFT is increasingly dominated by many items that have the main function as collectibles.

As many have mentioned above, some of the collectibles that many people are hunting for are NFTs from NBA Top SHot, virtual cats from Crypto Kitties, to many unique avatars from Crypto Punks. The three types of NFTs have become collectibles that have prices reaching millions of United States dollars.

2. NFT Games

The game industry that uses the NFT system and blockchain can be said to be a sector that has enormous potential in the crypto world. This potential can be seen from the development of NFT games such as Crypto Kitties and Axie Infinity which are very popular in the world community. In the Crypto Kitties game, users are given the task of collecting, caring for, and breeding digital cats.

While the game Axie Infinity actually has a concept that is almost the same as Crypto Kitties, the difference is that Axie Infinity users have to collect NFT-based digital pets called Axies. Later, the user’s Axies must fight against other users’ Axies. Many NFT games use a pay-to-earn scheme, this scheme makes you have to play the game if you want to get benefits in the form of tokens or NFTs.

Axie Infinity and Crypto Kitties were built using the same blockchain network, namely Ethereum. In the game Axie Infinity, there are two tokens that have the ERC-20 standard. That means one can earn money by playing NFT games. A user who plays NFT games and earns SLP tokens or AXS tokens can exchange them for a number of other crypto assets.

This is the reason why there are many job vacancies for playing NFT games. The reason is, playing NFT games has proven to be very profitable. If users get tokens, they can exchange them for other crypto assets. Some people also have the opinion that NFT games are an investment and can be used to meet the needs of human life.

E. List of NFT Coins by Market Cap

1. Axie Infinity (AXS)

Axie infinity is a game that stands on a blockchain technology network that combines elements of NFT, DeFi, and games. This game was actually created and inspired by two famous games namely Pokemon and Tamagotchi. Almost the same as Pokemon and Tamagotchi, players will be given the task of collecting, caring for, breeding, and fighting with other players. Not only that, players can also trade their creatures named Axies. Each Axies is actually an NFT and comes with a variety of unique attributes.

Until now, when seen on Coinmarketcap, Aixe Infinity as a coin with the code AXS is able to collect a market capitalization of $ 5.70 billion dollars with a value of $ 93.69 per coin. In addition, Axie Infinity also occupies the first position in the category of NFT transactions worldwide.

2. Tezos (XTZ)

Tezos itself is one of the many cryptocurrencies that are in the blockchain technology network using a proof-of-stake (PoS) system. In addition, Tezos is also equipped with a smart contract program like Ethereum. This allowed Tezos to create its own DeFi ecosystem and DApps.

The Tezos ecosystem has a large enough capacity, thanks to the PoS system which makes transactions with Tezos much cheaper than transactions on Ethereum. Currently, the market cap of Tezos according to Coinmarketcap has touched $4.07 billion dollars and each coin has a price value of $4.66 dollars. XTZ is currently in fourth place in the NFT category by Coinmarketcap.

3. The Sandbox (SAND)

The Sandbox or can be called by its code, namely SAND is a game based on the blockchain network. This game was created to maximize the benefits of using NFTs in a wide variety of game assets. In the Sandbox ecosystem, users can play and interact with thousands of other players in a new real world called the metaverse.

The Sandbox actually has done a lot of cooperation with various big companies around the world such as Atari and also the well-known metal band Avenged Sevenfold. Currently, the SAND token on Coinmarketcap has reached a market capitalization of $5.116 billion dollars with a price per coin SAND has a value of $5.57 dollars. In NFT competition, the Sandbox is currently in 8th place in the NFT transaction category on Coinmarketcap.

F. How to Buy and Sell NFTs

For users who want to buy and sell NFTs, there are lots of marketplaces that provide these services. Many digital markets offer NFTs in various forms. The crypto assets that users want to use to buy NFTs can also be adjusted to the chosen platform, for example, CryptoPUnk, Opensea, to Rarible. The three NFT marketplace platforms can only accept payments using Dollars and ETH. On the other hand, sites like NBA Top Shot allow users the freedom to make payments for various types of crypto assets.

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As the number of internet users increases and content on every social media platform increases, the term influencer is heard more and more often. Actually, what or who are influencers ? Simply put, an influencer is someone who can influence other people.

The closest person an influencer can say is your own family member. They can and do provide information to the household about a product or service. Family members will provide information because they have received information from other people or have experienced the benefits of the product being discussed. An influencer marketing is increasingly sought after by companies to increase engagement .

Definition of Influencer Marketing

The all-digital era makes many people have to be good at adjusting themselves, including you and the business you are currently running. Regarding marketing or marketing activities, you as a business owner are required to be able to do marketing in cyberspace, aka online marketing .

This activity is commonly known as digital marketing . The way it works is to use the internet as an opening for greater opportunities for your business. This strategy is packaged in a modern and up-to-date way by utilizing online platforms .

If your business currently has target consumers from social media, you can try using influencer marketing services to expand your reach and be able to open up opportunities for collaboration with other fields.

As the name implies, influence is an important strength of an influencer . They are one of the reasons many business owners invite them to work together to promote a product or service because of their influence.

Quoted from Hariyanti and Wirapraja (2018: 141), an influencer is a person or figure on social media who has a large or significant number of followers. What they convey can influence the behavior of their followers. Simply put, influencers have the influence for their followers to do something. That’s why, in strengthening marketing and promotion using digital media, using the services of an influencer is one of the strategies.

Quoting from Marketing Hub, an influencer is someone who has the power to influence the decisions of others because he has authority, knowledge, position, or because of his relationship with the public or audience. Usually, an influencer is someone who works as a blogger, YouTuber, celebrity, or a public figure who has tens of thousands to millions of followers on social media and is considered important in certain communities.

Influencer marketing is one of a company’s marketing strategies by inviting an influencer to work together in order to increase brand awareness as well as sales tailored to a particular target market.

As someone who actively uses social media, you must have often seen celebrities or famous people in a community getting endorsements from a product that repeatedly appears in the timeline. Influencer marketing is included in the category of native ads or paid content that displays the same attractive form, quality and function as organic content created by other promotional media.

The results of the cooperation can vary, depending on the expertise of each influencer . They are also known as key opinion leaders , even though they have different backgrounds, so nothing is really the same when conveyed to internet users.

Types of Influencers Based on Number of Followers

Along with the development of information and communication technology in the digital world, especially in social media, there are now types of definitions that make it easier for netizens to find out. Oddie Randa, Chief Operations Officer of Gushcloud Marketing Group, said that influencers are divided into three categories based on the number of followers they have on social media.

• Nano : Number of followers under 10,000 accounts.
• Micro : Number of followers 10,000 to 100,000 accounts.
• Macro : The number of followers is more than 100,000 accounts.

Oddie further said, “If you have over one or two million followers , that’s a celebrity or what we call a premium influencer . The term celebrity here does not have to be those who have entered television, but are famous.”

A brief explanation below.

 

1. Nano Influencers

Nano is the smallest particle with a size of 50,000 times smaller than the size of a human hair. So, the type of influencer with the smallest reach is a nano influencer with a following of 1,000 to 10,000 people. Despite their small number of followers, nano influencers are a popular choice because they are inexpensive and offer quite a number of other benefits. Not a few companies choose to work with new influencers with no more than 2,000 followers.

The reason is because the smaller the influencer’s reach makes a company’s target reach more and more. Working with nano influencers can make your brand get other benefits from the community that is their follower. Because the number of followers is small, influencers and their followers can interact and get to know each other better through social media platforms so that the engagement that occurs is even higher.

Because the community that is the follower of the nano influencer is relatively small and close-knit, his campaign also has a more intimate and personal touch. Followers of nano influencers feel as if getting recommendations from people they trust are like friends. They are also more likely to take action based on advertisements or product reviews of this type.

Although sometimes, nano influencers rarely identify themselves as influencers because for them social media is just a channel for expressing ideas or hobbies. It could be, the way they work is not or not very professional. Please remember that strong engagement will increase the trust of its followers even higher at very low and affordable costs.

2. Micro Influencers

A notch above nano, micro has a follower count of 10,000 to 100,000. In general, the public and netizens have higher trust in this type because there are certain fields they master.

They usually get followers because they have YouTube channels with special topics such as beauty, gadget reviews, traveling, culinary, or others. Or those who have built an Instagram account and are slowly increasing the number of followers due to actively uploading quality and specific content regularly on certain topics.

Usually a micro  is a health expert, beauty expert, or other expertise on these two social media. The more niche the theme of the social media content is, the easier it will be for engagement to form organically. Because of this expertise, micro can get loyal and trusted followers with every content they upload on social media. Usually the segment to look for in using micro services  is the age of 18 to 24 years.

The costs that must be incurred by a businessman to be able to work with micro are still relatively cheap and affordable.

3. Macro Influencers

The more followers you have on social media, you can be called a macro . This type can be pinned when it has between 100,000 and one million followers. The engagement between influencers and their followers is still there, but looks less strong. With that many followers , surely the need for the range of messages to be conveyed will be wider and the impact on costs incurred will be greater.

Macros  tend to have a diverse following or audience with diverse interests. They are on average very concerned with the brand awareness that clients need. They are also easier to access and contact than mega.

4. Mega Influencers

Those with more than 1 million followers are called mega influencers . In general, this type works as an artist or an influential person in society with a reach of influence and followers nationally.

The large number of followers makes it possible for influencers to spread messages in a short time with a wider reach. However, this also affects the funds and costs that must be incurred by businesses because the amounts are very large.

In addition, mega may not necessarily be considered an expert in a particular field. Because as is commonly seen on social media, the mega is their average celebrity status. Like most celebrities, this mega account  will focus on everyday life rather than a particular topic, aka not niche . That is, it could be that these influencers don’t know anything about your business and their followers are not interested in your brand .

Types of Influencers Based on Social Media Platforms

If above is a discussion of influencer categories based on the number of followers , in this section is the platform category used by these influencers .

1. Bloggers

This type of influencer is already known among blog writers or blog readers in general. Their posts are searchable by keywords embedded in each post. A blogger is someone who owns and/or manages a blog. There are quite a lot of blogs that are used or focused on doing reviews/reviews about a product, for example the latest gadgets or skincare .

Reviews written on a blog can be said to be more complete and longer, so readers get clearer information than if they get it on other social media. If the blogger has quite a number of loyal readers, it’s easy for the blogger to recommend a product based on the style of writing and client directions and entice readers to try buying and using the product.

The number of readers of a blog affects the success of a product campaign up to the marketing stage.

2. YouTube influencers

Better known as YouTubers, these influencers who have loyal subscribers/ subscribers always create content in the form of videos about information, including product reviews. Unlike bloggers who write information or product reviews on a blog, YouTubers review things in video form.

Initially, the term pinned on them was vlogger , aka video blogger . The role of YouTube influencers or YouTubers seems significant, especially with the development of digital technology as it is today. The reason is because more than 90% of internet users get to know a new product through videos uploaded on the YouTube platform. From a video, viewers can see clearly how the product being reviewed by the YouTuber is described.

3. Instagram influencers

The term that is more familiar or often heard for an Instagram influencer is Instagram celebgram or celebrity. Usually refers to a public figure who uses the Instagram platform to record various activities, including reviewing a product.

Instagram has the potential to target the market in Indonesia because our country ranks fourth with the most number of 59 million Instagram users in the world. This data can be a mainstay for business owners or companies to partner with Instagram celebrities or influencers in campaigning or promoting products.

4. TikTok influencers

Not much different from YouTubers and celebgrams, TikTok influencers or creators who are usually called have loyal fans and followers who follow every latest content that appears on the homepage. The TikTok algorithm is programmed to rate the videos you like and share. Then, the algorithm starts counting the hours watched, the number of loves, including when the video was shared by its users.

The number of TikTok users is currently more than one billion. This allows anyone to access videos uploaded on TikTok and the opportunity to earn money from these uploads is even wider. Creators with a significant number of followers on TikTok can become influencers that you can work with because your opportunity to expand market share can be wide open .

Effect of Number of Followers

One important note to keep in mind is that the fee for influencer services will be more expensive in line with the increasing number of followers they have. However, you don’t need to worry if you want to use their services. The quality of the content that digital influencers display on each of their social media accounts will get better and better because they, especially mega influencers , have a production team that can produce the best content.

This is because influencers who have many followers will pay great attention to the quality of their social media content for the benefit of their business. Another important note that you should pay attention to is that choosing an influencer doesn’t necessarily just look at the number of followers. The brand message and corporate image will have an impact if you choose random influencers .

Make sure you choose influencers carefully. Check first whether the influencer you choose is relevant to your brand , pay attention to the quality of social media content, the influencer’s image in the eyes of the public, and of course adjust the price offered by the influencer according to the budget you have.

 

Tips for Becoming an Influencer

If you are interested in becoming an influencer, see the tips below.

1. Find Interested Things

This is the first tip from sinaumedia for you. To become an influencer, find something you really like and know about. That’s what you can share with others. If someone else creates content that is different from yours and he succeeds, that doesn’t mean you have to be like him. Create your own content. Research as much as possible before deciding.

2. Take Advantage of Existing Accounts

You don’t need to create a new account and start from scratch. Because finding and building followers is not easy. Simply clean up your social media account by deleting content from old posts that don’t match the concept and draft of the content you’re preparing.

3. Use a Business Profile and Personal Blog

Go to settings on Instagram and change your account to “ business profile ” for free. With this business account, you can see the engagement data that you have as a whole or per post that you upload. You can view data as needed, including the recommended hours for making a recent photo post. Now, additional reels on Instagram can be used to increase engagement .

Don’t forget to create a blog or website with your account name. Because you never know how long a social media can survive and exist in cyberspace. A blog or website is like a house that you have without worrying if other social media (which can be likened to a shopping center) are closed.

4. Working with Brands

If your social media followers are over 1,000, start becoming a nano influencer . You can try to find brands or companies that need your services. Adjust the needs of the brand with the theme of your account. Browse about the brand you are after and find out who the marketing department is. Introduce yourself and say that you want to create content featuring their product as a sponsor. Slowly, with more and more posts you upload, other brands will come by themselves.

Conclusion

The existence of an influencer is needed in the digital era like now. You can search for them and adjust them to the needs of the product or service you have. Influencers have influence for their followers to do something. That’s why, in strengthening marketing and promotion using digital media, using the services of an influencer is one of the strategies.

You can even become an influencer to gain success and fame like Ria Ricis, Gading Marten, or others. You just take advantage of the account you currently have and start creating useful content.

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What is a honey bee? – Who has never consumed honey produced by honey bees? Of course most of Sinaumed’s must have consumed and even experienced the benefits contained in honey, right? As Sinaumed’s knows, honey itself is produced or produced by an insect-type animal called a bee. Sinaumed’s needs to know that not all types of bees can produce honey that can be consumed by humans!

Indeed, bees are often associated with honey, but that does not mean that all types of bees can produce honey that can and is safely consumed by humans or other living things. To be able to produce honey that can be consumed by humans or other living things, honey must be produced or produced by special bees. What is meant by this particular bee is a bee whose species or type is intended to produce honey that can be consumed by humans or even consumed by other living things. Well, this particular type of bee is a bee commonly known as a honey bee or which in scientific language is known as Apis.

Actually, there are a lot of things that Sinaumed’s needs to know about this type of bee, starting from what a honey bee is, the types of honey bees, the history of the discovery of honey bee species, the stages in a honey bee colony and their respective duties, how bees honey reproduces, how do honey bees make honey, and many other things related to honey bees. For this reason, on this occasion we provide information that will increase Sinaumed’s’ knowledge so that you know more about honey bees, flying insects that can produce sweet honey that is rich in properties. Check out this article until the end!

A. What is a Honey Bee?

Before studying and understanding more deeply about one of the many species of bees, namely the honey bee, Sinaumed’s must first become acquainted with honey bees, right? As the saying goes, don’t know then don’t love.

Yep! Most of Sinaumed’s probably already know that bees are the only insect of the many types of flying insects that can produce honey in large quantities so that it can be consumed by humans or even other living things. Do you know Sinaumed’s? Honey bees come from a genus called the genus Apis. Sinaumed’s needs to know that this one flying insect besides being able to produce honey which has many benefits, it can also produce pollen or it can also be called pollen, produce propolis or what is known as bee glue, produce beeswax which usually blends with honey, and also can produce poison or commonly known as a bee sting to protect itself from the threat of predators. Wow, that’s a lot too!

Honey bees themselves are known to have many types that are spread throughout the world, but there are only a few types of honey bees that are usually cultivated to be used as a producer of honey which will later be consumed by humans. There is a detailed explanation of the species of honey bees and the classification of honey bees that Sinaumed’s can study.

Honey-producing bees or honey bees are known to include approximately seven types or species of bees belonging to the genus Apis. Within the genus Apis itself, it can be estimated that there are approximately 20,000 species in it. According to the information we got, it is now known that there is a subspecies of bees that are known to be able to store honey from flower nectar and produce honey. The number of these subspecies is around 44 subspecies that exist throughout the world.

Interesting info here! Honey bees make their nests with the basic ingredients of wax or what is commonly known as wax. Wax or wax is produced by bees called worker bees in honey bee colonies. What are worker bees? So surely that question immediately popped up in Sinaumed’s’ mind, right? Don’t worry, later we will tell Sinaumed’s about worker bees in a honey bee colony.

For the classification of honey bees, it can be explained by the kingdom or kingdom of honey bees is Animalia, the phylum of honey bees is arthropods, the sub phylum of honey bees is mandibulata, the class of honey bees is class Insecta or insects, the sub class of honey bees is pterygota, the order of honey bees are hymenoptera, the suborder of honey bees is cheistograsta, the family of honey bees is apidea, and the last species of honey bees are apis dorsata, apis mellifera, apis cerana, and apis trigona.

B. Types of Honey Bee Species

After Sinaumed’s became acquainted with honey bees, the next step was for us to invite Sinaumed’s to find out about several types of honey bees in Indonesia and the bees that are most often used for honey cultivation by bee farmers in Indonesia.

 

 

1. Giant Honey Bee (Apis Dorsata)

The giant honey bee, also known as the wild bee, has the Latin name Apis Dorsata, which is the first type of honey bee species. Honey bees with this species are only found in forests in countries that have tropical Asian and subtropical climates. As the name suggests, the giant honey bee has the largest size compared to the size of bees from other species. For the original habitat or original origin of honey bees with this species, it is spread throughout the territory of the State of Indonesia, the State of Singapore, the State of Malaysia, to the Philippines.

For self-cultivation, it is known that there has been no cultivation action for this species of honey bees. Why is that? According to some statements from beekeepers, this type of honey bee has very wild characteristics and tends to be difficult to tame. Apart from its wild nature, this type of honey bee also has a honey bee body size which is certainly larger than the body size of other types of honey bees. Due to the larger body size of this type of honey bee, the level of pain from the sting it has is also more painful than other types of honey bees.

For the production of honey from this type of honey bee, they still use the method of taking or harvesting it directly from the forest. Giant honey bees will usually make a nest in a single way and the nest hangs on a tree branch, or maybe they will make a nest on a cliff. To increase the production of honey from the giant honey bees themselves, in one bee colony it can reach around 50 kg to 60 kg for one tree.

2. Western Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera)

The western honey bee, also known as the superior bee, which has the Latin name Apis Mellifera, is the second type of honey bee species. This western honey bee was first introduced and included as a type of honey bee species in Indonesia around 1841, until now western honey bees continue to be bred for cultivation.

Sinaumed’s needs to know that this type of honey bee is a favorite of beekeepers. Why is that? This is because giant honey bees are able to produce honey in large quantities, that is, in one colony it can reach around 35 kg to 40 kg in one year. Not only for that reason, giant honey bees have much better adaptability to weather and climate than other honey bees, this makes it very easy for beekeepers to cultivate this type of western honey bee.

For the distribution area of ​​the western honey bee itself, it is spread around the mainland of the European Continent, such as between the regions of the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Greece, and various countries belonging to the Mediterranean Continent region.

3. Eastern Honey Bee (Apis Cerana)

Eastern honey bees or also known as local bees have the Latin name Apis Cerana. Eastern honey bees live and spread in almost all parts of Indonesia. For the amount of honey produced, one eastern honey bee colony is capable of producing as much as 6 kg to 12 kg of honey within one year.

4. Dwarf Honey Bee (Apis Trigona/Florea)

Dwarf honey bees or also known as bees with the Latin name Apis Florea are the last type of honey bee species. As the name suggests, pygmy honey bees have the smallest body size of honey bees compared to the size of other types of honey bees. Dwarf honey bees tend to be more docile and fortunately these bees do not have a sting like other types of honey bees.

For honey production from honey bees with this type of dwarf honey bee, the honey production tends to be the least compared to honey production from other types of honey bees. In a colony of pygmy honey bees can only produce and produce honey weighing 1 kg to 3 kg in one year.

For the distribution of these dwarf honey bees, they have habitats or are spread across the territory of the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, Bangladesh and even Indonesia. In Indonesia itself, the pygmy honey bee is more familiarly known as the Klanceng wasp.

C. Levels of Honey Bees and Their Duties

After getting to know and learning about several types of honey bees that are spread in Indonesia, now is the time for Sinaumed’s to know about the levels or types of honey bees that exist in a colony along with the tasks of each level in a honey bee colony.

As explained earlier, honey bees are flying insects that have social characteristics, so honey bees live in colonies or groups. In one honey bee colony, it is known that there are 10,000 to 60,000 honey bees. Wow so many, right?

In one honey bee colony it is known to have levels or what can be called three types of family members. The three types of honey bee family members have their respective roles and duties which are useful for the survival of the bee colony. In the following, we will explain the three family members in a honey beb colony along with their respective roles.

1. Queen Bee

The queen bee is the only female bee which plays an important role in the survival of a honey bee colony. Why is that? This is because in a honey bee colony there is only one female bee which becomes the queen bee. If in a colony there are two queen bees, the two queen bees will fight until one of the two queen bees dies, or also until one of the two queen bees leaves the hive of the honey bee colony.

The queen bee has characteristics that can be said to be very striking, such as the queen bee has a stomach that tends to be longer than the other bees, the queen bee has a relatively longer size and the wings are shorter compared to the body parts. In addition, the queen bee has a larger chest size compared to worker bees, and the final feature of the queen bee is that the head of the queen bee is shaped differently from other bees, which is round in shape.

The life of the queen bee is very different from worker bees or male bees. Why is that? The queen bee never looks for her own food and is always served by worker bees. The life span of the queen bee is known to be longer than that of other bees, which is almost 4 to 6 years. The queen bee’s job during her life is just to lay eggs and enlarge the bee colony and increase the number of honey bees hatching.

2. Male Bee (Drone)

The number of male bees in a honey bee colony is only around 100. Male bees have the main task or main task of marrying the queen bee. Not just any male bee dares to marry the queen bee, only adult male bees dare to marry the queen bee. The mating process between male bees and queen bees is carried out by flying as high as possible when the weather is very sunny. The male bees then chase the queen bee, only the male bees that can chase the queen bee are able to marry the queen bee.

After the mating process between the male bees and the queen bee occurs, the male bee will automatically or soon die because the testicles have detached from the body and fused with the queen bee’s ovary organs. After that, the bodies of the male bees will automatically become food for the worker bees.

Male bees have several special characteristics, in shape and size they are almost similar to queen bees, but male bees have relatively slimmer bodies and have large, touching eyes located above the heads of male bees.

3. Worker Bees

In a honey bee colony it is known that there are 30,000 to 60,000 worker bees. Worker bees themselves have several characteristics that distinguish them from the queen bee and the drone bees. The characteristics of the worker bees are the body size of the worker bees which can be said to be the smallest when compared to the body sizes of the queen bee and the male bee. It has a head shape with a triangular shape with long hairy hind legs. Make no mistake, the long hairs on the bee’s legs are useful as a storage place for pollen when worker bees are flying in search of food. Here are some other tasks that worker bees have.

• In charge of building a beehive as a place to lay eggs for the queen bee.
• In charge of collecting food materials in the form of nectar, water, and pollen.
• In charge of giving and foraging for male bees and queen bees.
• In charge of tidying and cleaning beehives.
• In charge of producing honey.
• In charge of maintaining the safety of beehives.

D. How Honey Bees Produce Honey

Interesting info, worker bees are female bees that don’t become queens. Worker bees have an important role in collecting flower nectar which will later be produced into honey. The following is the method or process of worker bees making honey.

 

 

1 Hunt and Gather Nectar

Worker bees will start flying as far as 6 km to 8 km to find nectar or flower extract which will later be produced into honey.

2. Turning Nectar Into Honey

Afterwards, the nectar will be processed into honey by being chewed by the worker bees, the worker bees will produce enzymes that can increase the acidity level in the nectar and turn it into honey.

3. Dry honey after chewing

After that the bees will dry the nectar that has become honey. The bees use two methods to dry the honey, namely by spreading the semi-finished honey to the honeycomb which has a hexagon shape and the second is by fanning the semi-finished honey using its wings.

4. Protect Honey with Beeswax

The final step is the honey storage process, this process is carried out by storing honey in the cells in the beehive. To be able to maintain the quality of honey, bees use beeswax produced by bees.

Now that’s some knowledge about all things about honey bees that Sinaumed’s can know and learn. Lots right? Starting from an introduction to honey bees, getting to know their types, so they know how bees produce honey.

Book Recommendations & Related Articles

 

Heuristics – Will Sinaumed’s do research or even work on a thesis project related to history? If so, then Sinaumed’s needs to start getting acquainted and learning heuristic terms. In history, the term heuristic is a research method.

In order to be able to do good research on historical topics, Sinaumed’s needs to understand heuristic research methods well first. The following is an explanation of the meaning, examples of the application of the method and the types that need to be known. Listen to the end of the article!

Definition of Heuristics

Literally, heuristic comes from the Greek word heuriskein which means to find. In general, heuristics can be interpreted as an art or a science that has to do with a new discovery or a solution that can solve a problem.

According to other sources, heuristics are described as a way to show the thoughts that are owned by someone, so that person can solve a problem and the problem can be completed and completed immediately.

In history, this term is known as one of the research methods and is defined as a series of stages in the process of collecting sources from various types of research data related to research topics regarding socio-culture, customs, social stratification and daily interactions obtained through observation, documentation, interviews and so on.

Simply put, a heuristic is a simple and efficient rule that is commonly used by humans to be able to form judgments on something and can also be used to make a decision.

Meanwhile in historical science, there is also the term historical technique. This term can also be referred to as a heuristic method. By using the application of heuristic techniques, one can solve a problem, find something and make a decision.

Apart from being general, experts also express their own opinions such as J. Rainer. Although heuristics are generally defined as part of historical science, J. Rainer has a different opinion.

Rainer argues that heuristics is not part of a science, but an art. He argues that heuristics is a skill that is used to find something, review bibliographies and can also be used to correct a collection of notes.

For J. Reiner, heuristics is a method used by someone by involving the skills they have to find something that has a relationship with history or events that have been missed.

These skills, can make someone write a review on a bibliography. At the same time analyzing, finding and correcting records of events that have occurred.

Understanding According to Experts

Apart from J. Rainer, other experts also expressed their opinion about the definition of heuristics.

1. Carrad

Heuristics according to Carrad is a first step that is used to obtain sources or origins, materials and data related to history that can be used in activities that will be or are being carried out.

2. Dudung Abdulrahman

In his book published in 1990, Dudung Abdurahman argues that heuristics is a research technique used in historiography through the skills to find, recognize and detail certain topics using small notes.

3. Sjamsudin

Sjamsudin argues that heuristics is the first step used in historical research to obtain research data.

Currently, more identical heuristics are used in research activities. Heuristic skills can help someone to find important historical data that is considered relevant to the research topic.

When studying history, researchers need strong evidence to be able to draw a conclusion. Because these findings will be published and known by the general public, researchers cannot simply conclude from opinions, opinions or estimates.

Researchers must find a basis and concrete evidence. In the process of finding this evidence, the heuristic skills possessed by researchers are needed. Heuristics can also help find data properly and accurately, so that research results can be justified.

Types of Heuristics

Along with its development, heuristics can then be referred to as one of the historical sources, because heuristics is a process to find historical evidence and form a series of events that are concrete and have happened before.

 

 

1. Types of Heuristics Based on Their Nature

In its application, heuristics can be divided into two types according to their nature. Here’s an explanation.

a. Primary source

The first type of heuristic is primary sources, namely a series of historical sources obtained directly from people or actors who have experienced these historical events. For example, when compiling a biography of a character, researchers can obtain data through direct interviews with that character. The data obtained through interviews with figures can be referred to as primary sources.

Primary sources are not only obtained through interviews with direct actors, but can also be obtained through other valid sources such as photos, manuscripts, diaries and even videos.

b. Secondary source

Secondary sources are a series of historical sources that are obtained not from direct actors or people who experience that history, but through other people who are close to that person, the perpetrator’s family or someone who is directly involved in and experiences the event.

All sources of data submitted apart from figures who experienced history themselves were included in secondary sources. For example, when a researcher writes a biography of a character who has died, it is impossible for the researcher to get secondary sources. However, researchers can obtain secondary sources by interviewing the closest people, family and looking for other historical sources about the figure.

Secondary sources in heuristics can also take the form of research reports, encyclopedias, books, field notes and others. So that secondary sources actually have a broader form than primary sources and can be utilized by researchers.

2. Types of Heuristics Based on Historical Sources

Based on the form of historical sources, heuristics are divided into three. Here’s an explanation.

a. Written sources

As the name implies, written sources in heuristics are historical sources that are written or in written form. Examples include the text of the agreement, diary, minutes and so forth.

b. Oral sources

Historical sources can also be obtained verbally from interviews with figures, relatives or by listening to stories from people who live in the historical sites being studied.

c. Relics

The third type of heuristic based on historical sources is relics with certain shapes and types. Examples include ancient objects, artifacts, bones and others.

Heuristic Strategy

Heuristics are not only used for historical scientific research activities. Heuristic skills are also applied in learning activities. When used to support learning activities, lecturers and teachers can choose one of two heuristic strategies. The following is an explanation of the heuristic strategy.

1. Discovery ( Discovery )

According to Suryosubroto, the first strategy in heuristic skills is discovery. Finding is a teaching procedure that emphasizes individual teaching, before finally arriving at generalizations.

So that with this discovery method, a teacher can focus on just one student to find out student problems in the learning process. At the same time to ensure that students can absorb learning material well.

Meanwhile, in heuristic expertise research activities with the discovery method is a process to find historical sources by searching for these historical sources. For example, looking for historical relics in the library for secondary sources in the form of writing.

2. Investigation ( Inquiry )

According to Wina Sanjaya, the inquiry strategy in the learning method is a method that emphasizes student activity to be active in critical and analytical thinking processes.

Meanwhile in research activities, the method of inquiry or inquiry is a process of inquiry to obtain various valid data sources. To obtain it, it can be done by collecting all data sources and conducting interviews or so on.

Section in Heuristic Strategies

Aside from being a learning method, heuristic strategies as problem solvers for a study can be divided into four parts, including availability, representativeness, familiarity and adjustment or restraint. Here’s an explanation.

1. Availability

The availability heuristic operates on the idea that if something can be recalled, then it is something that is important or at least has a more important value than an alternative solution in order to be easy to remember, because information is easy to get.

2. Representation

Used when researchers make judgments about the subjective probability of an event or information by determining the extent to which the event has similar characteristics or whether the event can reflect the salient features of a resulting process.

3. Adjustment and retention

Used to influence the way people intuitively judge probabilities. Where one would start from an implicitly suggested reference point and use it to make adjustments to arrive at an estimate of additional information.

4. Familiarity

Defined to assess an important event, because it is more familiar in memory. The familiarity heuristic is based on the use of schemes as well as past actions.

Stages of Heuristic Research

In addition to these two heuristic strategies, in conducting historical research using heuristic methods, researchers must know and understand the stages of research using heuristic methods. Here’s an explanation.

1. Determine the theme and title of the research

The theme and title of the research are the first things that must be determined in the research. Not only in historical research, but also research with other sciences. The theme taken by the researcher must have a relationship with historical events and be known by the general public.

Examples include the history of the development of the city of Jakarta from the Dutch colonial era to the present or other themes regarding Indonesian history. There are many historical events that can be used as topics or friends for historical research. If confused, Sinaumed’s can try to adjust to the references that are the most numerous or easy to find or adjust to Sinaumed’s’ wishes and mastery of the subject matter.

2. Looking for historical data sources

After determining the theme and title of the research, Sinaumed’s needs to find historical sources. Historical sources in heuristic research methods can be found from various sources according to their type, such as primary and secondary sources. Sinaumed’s can also combine various forms of sources to complement research data.

Because one research theme can have several historical sources in various forms, so combining historical sources will strengthen Sinaumed’s’ research data.

3. Visit the event location

Historical sources cannot be obtained only by looking for one secondary source. So, Sinaumed’s also needs to find primary sources by visiting the location of the event. Thus, Sinaumed’s as a researcher will find more and more complex sources. For example, if Sinaumed’s takes the theme of Majapahit history research, then Sinaumed’s can visit East Java or Mojokerto or other places that were previously known to be the location of the Majapahit kingdom.

4. Review and analyze historical sources

The most important stage in research is studying and analyzing all historical sources that have been collected by researchers. Then Sinaumed’s, as a researcher, needs to systematically discuss these historical sources one by one. For example, starting from explaining the date of the event under study, its causes and solutions to solve it when the event took place.

5. Compile a report based on the analysis of historical sources

The final stage in the preparation of research using the heuristic method is compiling a report from the analysis of historical sources, in the form of a scientific article. If Sinaumed’s conducts the research as a final coursework such as a thesis, then Sinaumed’s needs to prepare a report according to the general thesis writing rules.

Examples of Heuristics in Research

From the explanation above, is Sinaumed’s still confused about how to apply heuristic methods in historical research? If you are still confused, here are examples of heuristics in research that Sinaumed’s needs to know about.

To apply the heuristic method in a study, Sinaumed’s needs to choose themes and titles that have a relationship with history. An example is the history of the growth of the Majapahit Kingdom in Indonesia, as it is known that Majapahit was the largest kingdom in Indonesia at its time.

Therefore, in the research process, Sinaumed’s needs to find sources that explain about the Majapahit Kingdom systematically. Such as the process of birth, when the existence of the Majapahit Kingdom began to be built until the times of the kingdom’s collapse. This entire process must be carried out until it reaches the process of compiling a historical report on the Majapahit Kingdom.

Another example of heuristics in research is the bombing of Hiroshima City. When making a research title, it is better for Sinaumed’s to compose a detailed and conical title, so that the research discussion is clear on the topic. For example “The Hiroshima City Bombing on August 6, 1945” with that title, the following is writing research systematically using heuristic methods.

Looking for historical sources that explain the warrant for the bombing of the City of Hiroshima issued on August 5, 1945. Include photos of the atomic bomb with the nickname little boy that was dropped on the City of Hiroshima. Explains who are the historical perpetrators of the Hiroshima City bombing and one of them is an airplane pilot named Enola Gay Paul Tibbet. Describes the plane driven by Enola Gay as a form of historical heritage from the bombing of Hiroshima City.

After obtaining these historical sources, it is important for Sinaumed’s as a researcher to verify the research data. So that the research results are valid and can be accounted for.

That is the explanation of heuristics as a method of historical research. If Sinaumed’s is still confused about heuristics or wants to find out more about other research methods in other disciplines, Sinaumed’s can find out by reading books related to research methods.

Sinaumed’s can get books related to heuristics at sinaumedia.com . As #Friends Without Limits, sinaumedia always provides a variety of books according to Sinaumed’s’ needs, including information about research methods, so that you have #MoreWithReading information.

Manners When Talking – When having a conversation with someone it can be a first impression for someone to describe ourselves outwardly. Because in a conversation, the style of language, choosing the right words, and how we can discuss a topic are definitely the main impressions for someone judging how we are.

Interactive conversation or communication is social interaction between two or more people. Developing conversation and etiquette skills is an important part of socialization. The focus of language teaching and learning is often on developing conversational skills in the new language. Starting a conversation with friends or other people must use the proper manners so that the conversation becomes more civilized and attracts our interlocutor to talk to.

In a conversation manners are also very important to use and of course adjust to who the other person we are dealing with. Because it feels unethical to chat with older people, such as teachers or lecturers, not using formal language. For this reason, it is very important to learn manners when we speak so that the person we are talking to is also respectful and respects us.

Furthermore, the discussion regarding how to have good manners when speaking tea=we summarize and can be listened to below!

Definition of Manners

Before discussing further about good manners when speaking, let’s first look at what is the definition of manners below!

Manners are our reaction to the actions or actions of other people towards us by prioritizing social norms and polite norms. Because manners is an attitude of respect for other people, both people who are older, the same age, or even younger than us.

In Indonesia itself various forms of manners are imaged through the absorption of various strong cultures throughout the archipelago. In some areas, such as Java, they use Kromo Inggil or fine Javanese to greet older people. All manners that apply in the archipelago are certainly influenced by local customs that adjust to the social conditions of its citizens, of course.

In Islam, manners can be called adab. The role of adab is very vital in the teachings of Islam, one might even say that one must prioritize adab first and then knowledge. Because, someone who only relies on knowledge without being accompanied by adab is like a big tree with weak roots.

Etymologically, manners come from the words grammar and habits. Tata means rules, regulations or arrangements. Although krama means politeness, both words can be interpreted as general rules of politeness that have been established. Manners are polite behavior that is applied in everyday life. This behavior reflects the personality that has been formed since childhood through the ways taught by parents and the surrounding environment. Manners are also part of human nature from which habits are formed, such as eating and drinking, dressing and other human habits. Behavior is also an individual characteristic and becomes a person’s character.

Manners can also be interpreted as a rule of life in human relations. Customs are closely related to ethics. Ethics is a theory of human behavior that is seen in terms of good and bad that can be determined by reason. According to experts, manners have several meanings, namely as follows:

• Bertens emphasized that manners have three meanings, namely manners in the sense of values ​​or norms that serve as regulatory guidelines for a person or group of people. behavior, adab in the sense of a set of principles or moral values ​​of character, and adab in the sense of good and bad knowledge.
• According to Black, manners is a science that describes how humans treat each other.
• According to Taryati, customs or morals are rules that are inherited and developed in the culture of a society, with which a person can create familiarity, mutual understanding, and mutual respect in interacting with others, according to established practices.

Based on the above understanding, it can be concluded that manners are regular actions or activities in daily life in accordance with the customs or norms that apply when interacting with the environment. In other words, manners are conventional norms governing manners that are agreed with the environment.

Good Manners When Speaking

How to Talk Talking is one of the daily activities of humans.

Manners in speaking is a way of speaking that shows the quality of personality. When speaking, you should use polite language, familiarize yourself with greetings, careful intonation, avoid harsh vocabulary and use words such as sorry, excuse me, and thank you.

Reports to the spruce, avoids not taking turns when talking (interrupting), lying and creating an uncomfortable atmosphere, asking rude questions and not allowing others to express their opinion. Examples of poor speech patterns include suddenly changing the subject, interrupting the conversation, maintaining eye contact while speaking, answering when asked, monopolizing the conversation, speaking sharply, or speaking in a loud voice like shouting.

To avoid speaking that is not in accordance with these manners, let’s see how examples of good manners when speaking below!

1. Greet enthusiastically

Starting a conversation with enthusiasm has a positive effect on communication. As a good means of communication, language should inspire those who hear it, so before you communicate, remember to greet others with a smile or words of encouragement.

2. Look into the eyes of the other person

When someone else is saying something, the gaze and direction of the eyes must be looking and fixed on the other person. This signals others that what they are saying is being heard correctly. Do not turn left and right too often, because it will create the impression of being rude and disrespectful.

Showing enthusiasm for others is an example of good behavior. This enthusiasm is shown by paying attention and looking at the other person. Otherwise, pay attention to what is being said.

Be polite. For example, it’s good for parents to look down a bit. However, it’s a good idea to look her in the eye when talking to peers.

3. Don’t Talk About Other People’s Bad Things

Speak about things that are good and useful, so that communication has clear meaning and benefits. Don’t just get involved in conversations that contain hatred, SARA, racism, and other people’s ugliness.

4. If you cough, cover your mouth

In synchronous communication, the habit of sitting, standing, and other ethical rules that must be considered and followed during communication is a good habit. Especially when you cough or sneeze, cover your mouth with your hand to show respect to other people or those around you.

5. Do not force

Smooth communication requires using soft words and not forcing the other person to fulfill all our demands. During interpersonal communication, try to ask questions in a gentle and friendly manner, so that the purpose of the communication can be well received.

6. Listen carefully

Communication involves long conversations with each other, so good manners or communication ethics is when the other person is talking, listen carefully and carefully so that the other person feels valued and listens to his complaints.

7. Do not speak too fast

When communicating, try not to speak too fast or too slow, so that the other person can hear clearly what we are saying. Intonation or accentuation of tone and facial expressions also does not cause discomfort or danger to the other party. One of the factors that influence the message is not good, one of which is talking too long.

8. Speak politely and kindly

In communicating with someone you should use polite words, so that the communication process runs smoothly and smoothly and there are no communication barriers that can cause misunderstandings between the parties.

Choose words and sentences that are suitable for the person you are talking to. For example, some languages ​​have specific words and dialects for older or younger people. use language according to rules with others. Also avoid dirty words that might offend others.

9. Avoid placing yourself higher than the other person

An example of applying politeness in verbal communication is not placing oneself above others. In some areas, this is common. However, you should avoid them everywhere.

10. Do not dominate the conversation

One example of applying manners in oral communication is not dominating the conversation. Give the other person a chance to speak. If you dominate the conversation too much, the other person may get angry and decide not to continue the conversation.

11. Be a good listener

When others share their opinion, pay attention and be a good listener. Especially if what he is talking about is pouring out or venting about his heart’s content. Others may need to be consulted to reduce the burden.

12. Avoid interrupting the conversation

In light of the previous point, to be a good listener, don’t interrupt the conversation. Except in certain cases, like when the conversation is too long or if you want permission to leave the conversation for a while. Must say permission to politely interrupt.

13. Avoid pointing at other people or hands on hips

The position of pointing at another with your hand on your waist shows pride and feeling above others. This is of course very impolite and will irritate other people. Instead, stand in a normal position and don’t point at anyone.

14. Manners When Talking to Three People

Be honest when talking to two people. Look at the two interlocutors alternately, so that neither interlocutor feels left out. Also, don’t whisper to just one person you’re talking to. This will definitely make other interlocutors uncomfortable.

Also, don’t use language that only one person can understand, such as whispering to one person you’re talking to, also making the other person uncomfortable.

15. Avoid excessive joking

Avoid as much as possible. Especially if the jokes are about physical fitness, religion, race, and more. Such jokes can hurt other people. Laughing too hard is also not good.

16. Manners of oral communication using communication tools

In addition to direct verbal communication, it is very important to know how to communicate through the means of communication. When starting a conversation, start with a greeting and introduce yourself the first time you interact. First, make sure the people you’re talking to are the people you want to talk to. When you stop talking, stop saying hello.

Manners of Speaking When Discussion

In addition to the examples of good manners when speaking on a daily basis, we have also summarized ways to practice good manners when expressing an opinion in a discussion below:

Indonesians often make decisions by talking to other people. However, it is not uncommon for differences of opinion to occur in the discussion. Such differences of opinion are natural and normal for everyone. From there, people learn to reason to reach an agreement.

Negotiations are held to avoid conflicts arising from differences of opinion. Therefore, we need the right way to direct our opinions to other people so as not to cause differences of opinion.

1. Express your opinion politely

If you want to express your opinion, say it politely and politely. Don’t hurt others with harsh words and promises.

2. Know Your Expertise

Before expressing an opinion, make sure that you know your expertise and have a good understanding of the subject matter of the opinion being expressed. This avoids off-topic discussions and creating conflict.

3. Make strong and clear arguments

In expressing opinions, should have strong and clear arguments. Better yet, you also have the data and facts to back up your point.

4. Don’t interrupt other people’s conversations

Don’t interrupt other people’s conversations when you want to express your opinion. Let the person you’re talking to express their opinion completely and clearly, then respond when asked to speak up.

5. Don’t attack people you talk to personally

Especially if it is not related to the topic of conversation. This, of course, is one of the things that can spark conflict in a conversation.

Because if you start attacking the person you’re talking to personally in an argument, it’s increasingly stating that you yourself don’t have a proper argument and are running out of words but don’t want to give in.

Conclusion

That’s all for a brief discussion of how to have good manners when speaking. Not only discussing the importance of learning manners when speaking, but also further discussing examples and their application in direct communication.

Learning manners when speaking is something that is very basic, especially for a human being as a social being because using good manners when speaking makes others more respectful and makes ourselves more civilized.

Fixed Assets are – Talking about business, maybe what Sinaumed’s has in mind is just the production process, finished products, sold and then made a profit. Yes indeed it is in the business flow process. But actually there are other things that are enough to support the development of a business, you know .

One of them is fixed assets , for ordinary people this term is rarely heard. But for business people it is often heard.

If Sinaumed’s is going to run a business, understanding what fixed assets are is very important. Moreover, the existence of these fixed assets can provide support for the development of a business.

You don’t need to be confused if Sinaumed’s doesn’t know what a fixed asset is and some other things related to this term. Because this article will provide an explanation about this. So, below are some important explanations about fixed assets .

What are Assets

Before going into the explanation of fixed assets , we can start from the explanation of the assets themselves. Simply put, company assets are an economic resource that is expected to be able to generate profits in the future.

An asset can be recognized if all economic resources can be measured in currency. Whether it’s dollars, rupiah and other types of currency. It is undeniable that the existence of assets is very important in a company.

In fact, the existence of this asset support is expected to make business processes even smoother. Besides in the form of objects such as land, money, buildings, tools and equipment. It turns out that assets also include human resources such as employees and service users or product buyers offered by a company.

What are Fixed Assets

After knowing the meaning of assets , we continue to discuss fixed assets. In simple terms, a fixed asset is a property or asset in the form of property or equipment with a long-term nature .

The existence of fixed assets is expected to be able to provide business process support in order to get certain benefits. Fixed assets are also often referred to as fixed assets. At least for fixed assets can not provide an advantage in the form of money in the range of under or about one year.

If you look at the balance sheet, the existence of fixed assets can be in the form of property , factories or equipment. Apart from being referred to as fixed assets, several forms of fixed assets are also often referred to as capital assets .

Characteristics of Fixed Assets

Some of you are confused about how to distinguish fixed assets and non-fixed assets. Actually, in terms of characteristics alone, it can be seen what a fixed asset is . But maybe because of the lack of information related to the characteristics of fixed assets , some people don’t know about it.

No need to be confused about this, at this point we will provide a more complete explanation regarding the characteristics of fixed assets . So, no need to linger, below is a review of some of the characteristics possessed by fixed assets .

1. The useful life from an economic perspective is more than one year

The first characteristic of fixed assets is that the age of these assets has a long reach, at least more than one year. Then, in the fixed asset balance sheet, most of them are in the form of property, equipment in the factory or the factory building itself.

2. There is a Depreciation Value

The second characteristic is the depreciation value of various forms of fixed assets . This can happen because these fixed assets are used continuously from time to time.

In addition, due to continuous use of fixed assets, it can also result in a decrease in quality. No wonder the value of fixed assets also decreased. However, it should also be noted that the depreciation condition does not apply to land type fixed assets  .

3. Providing Benefits for the Company

The next characteristic of fixed assets is being able to provide benefits for the company. For example, a company has a production plant. Production carried out by the factory uses operational equipment or one form of fixed asset .

Later the results of the production carried out will be sold. The profit from the sale is one of the characteristics of fixed assets .

4. Not in Liquid Form

The last characteristic of fixed assets is that they are not in liquid form. This means that fixed assets cannot be converted into money or into cash.

Those are some of the characteristics possessed by fixed assets . Of course, the discussion about fixed assets does not end there . There is still a lot of material that we can learn together as below.

Fixed Asset Types

The next explanation is on the type of fixed asset . Actually this type of asset will be explained based on an example. However, so that you understand better too, there will be an additional explanation of the types of fixed assets based on their shape. The following is an explanation of the types of fixed assets based on examples.

Tangible Fixed Assets

As the name implies, a tangible fixed asset is an asset that has a physical form. Tangible fixed assets are still divided into three. You can read about these three types in the explanation below.

1. Assets with depreciable value. Examples are buildings, machines, vehicles, laptops and others.
2. Assets with a value that can experience depletion conditions. This depletion condition is in the form of natural resources that will run out due to continuous exploitation by companies. Examples are the natural resources of oil, coal, gold and so on.
3. Assets that are not experiencing conditions of deflation or depreciation. Soil is one example.

• Land

Land is the first example of a fixed asset . If a company has a fixed asset in the form of land, then the company can make a long-term investment. Of course the company will benefit from the type of land investment it does. Even from these benefits can also be a support for the sustainability of the company itself.

• Building

Next there is a building or building which is also an example of a fixed asset . Recording of buildings that stand on land must also be separated from the land used for the construction of a building.

• Machine

Furthermore, there are machines that are also included in the fixed asset type . Where the existence of this machine is also a supporter of the continuity of the production process of an item that aims to provide benefits for the company.

As for examples of the machine itself, such as computers, printers , fax machines and telephones. In addition, several other office equipment such as tables, chairs, cabinets and others in the company or factory are also included as a type of fixed asset .

• Conveyor Tool

Transport equipment is also included in the category of fixed assets . Where later this transportation tool is used to deliver goods produced to consumers, clients and other parties who work with the company.

Then, for example, there are trucks, vans and other types of vehicles that can be used to deliver these products.

• Infrastructure

Lastly, there is infrastructure which is also included in the fixed asset type . For example, roads, bridges and fences.

Intangible Fixed Assets

Just as the name implies, an intangible fixed asset is an asset that has no physical form but provides benefits for the company. Examples are copyrights, patents, franchise rights, trademarks, logos and so on.

Based on the explanation above, the types of fixed assets can also be seen based on their shape. At least there are tangible fixed assets and intangible fixed assets . Both have different meanings.

 

How Important are Fixed Assets for Companies?

Maybe in your mind you have a question about how important fixed assets really are for a company, or whether a company really and should have fixed assets . The answer is that fixed assets are very important for a company.

The sustainability of the company will continue to run and develop when it has fixed assets . Like the several types and examples of fixed assets described above. All examples always refer to the production to distribution processes that provide benefits to the company.

Just imagine if a company does not have fixed assets . Of course it can’t work as it should. In addition, for investors the existence of fixed assets in a company is also a special consideration when investing in that company.

It should also be noted , investors will be more interested in investing in companies that are able to use fixed assets more efficiently. This is because the more efficient fixed assets are , the greater the profit will be.

 

Benefit Information About Fixed Assets

The existence of fixed assets is also very important , you know the reporting for the sustainability of the company. This is because a company will find it easier to get investors if fixed assets can be put to good use.

Investors will make fixed asset reporting a determinant of whether they will continue to provide investment funds or buy shares in the company. In addition, fixed assets can also help the process of recording finances more accurately, assessing the running of the company’s business so that the overall financial process will also be easier.

 

How Companies Get Fixed Assets

It turns out that a company can have fixed assets in various ways . Maybe even some of you who do not know some of these ways. Don’t worry, at this point there will be a full explanation of several ways a company can get fixed assets . The following is an explanation of this.

• Cash Purchase

Fixed assets in a company can be obtained by purchasing cash. Meanwhile, the fixed asset purchase price recording will be the same as the set price. For example, a plot of land has a price of IDR 100 million, so the record is made with the same figure, namely IDR 100 million. The point is that the price recording of fixed assets obtained from cash purchases will be recorded absolutely as is, there is no change in the number.

• Purchase With Installment System

Fixed assets can also be obtained by installments. The fixed asset payment process will be carried out for a predetermined period of time. However, only the price section is recorded, while the interest that is applied will still be recorded, but separately from the price section.

• Exchange With Securities

Fixed assets can be consolidated with a securities exchange system. Meanwhile, for recording the price of the fixed assets obtained will be equated with the price of the letters exchanged.

However, if the price of the securities to be exchanged is not known, then the recorded price will be set at the market value of the fixed asset.

• Exchange With Other Assets

Fixed assets can also be done by exchanging other assets. The process of exchanging other assets for fixed assets is also often referred to as trade-in.

Easily if fixed assets can be obtained by exchanging old assets. If during the exchange process the old asset price is lower than the new asset, then the old asset exchange will be added to cash.

As for the recording process, it is seen based on the economic value of an old asset added to the amount of cash paid to get the latest fixed asset .

• Obtained From Grants

Fixed assets can be obtained with a grant system. The latest fixed asset is indeed provided free of charge by the owner. However, the fixed assets obtained will still be recorded according to the market price of these assets. This recording is done solely to make it easier if one day there is a depreciation in the value of assets or fixed assets .

• Create Personally Fixed Assets

Finally, you can get fixed assets by making them yourself. If a company is confident and able to make a fixed asset , then that can also be considered legitimate. However, the applicable recording process will be adjusted to the amount of costs incurred by a company to obtain these fixed assets .

How to Record Fixed Asset Reports

A company that has fixed assets must make a report. As previously explained, fixed asset reporting can also help a company get investors.

The process of recording reports can also be done in several ways. Starting from the manual by recording it in certain software or you can also use a special application to record fixed asset reports owned by a company.

The several steps required in recording fixed asset reporting are as follows.

• Check All Financial Records Including Fixed Assets From the Previous Year

The first thing you can do is look at the data or records for the past year regarding the fixed assets owned by a company. At least a company has fixed assets that have been recorded in one year.

Therefore, fixed assets have a possible depreciation value, so you must also have an exact number of fixed asset depreciation values .

• Note If There Is a Latest Fixed Asset

You must record every new fixed asset within one year in the report. To make it easier to record the initial value of these fixed assets , you can also find out through proof of payment or through receipts. Apart from that, you also have to record what benefits are provided by the fixed assets as well as the residual value.

• Record the List of Fixed Assets That Have Been Released

If a fixed asset is released, the data on the disposal of the fixed asset must be recorded. Starting from the value of depreciation, profits or losses that are seen based on the book of goods that have been sold.

The explanation above is all related to fixed assets. Starting from the understanding, benefits, types and all matters related to fixed assets already in the explanation above. Of course, this information will help you a little to gain additional knowledge about fixed assets.

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Author: Hendrik Nuryanto

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