Characteristics of Poetry – Sinaumed’s friends, do you know about poetry? Poetry
is included in the category of literary works. The literary work is in the form of old poetry,
is a type of poetry that is combined according to rules starting from rhyme, bait and syllables.
Poetry has its own characteristics that make this type of literary work have artistic value.
Poetry is a type of literary work whose form is chosen and arranged carefully so as to sharpen people’s awareness
of an experience and evoke specific responses through sound, rhythm and special meaning.
Humans are able to express various images in the most intimate way, therefore poetry is born with a basic human
urge to express the reality of life that can give satisfaction.
That’s a review of poetry, and turning to old poetry. Old poetry is poetry that has existed
since ancient times or is classical and is usually used in traditional ceremonies. In contrast
to modern poetry which can be written freely without rules, old poetry has various rules that must be
followed regarding the number of words in 1 line, the number of lines in 1 stanza, the number of syllables,
and rhymes. This old poem from the Middle East was brought into the archipelago along with the
spread of da’wah, the arrival of Islam to Indonesia.
We can say that this poem is indeed ancient. However, in Malay literature, it is in accordance
with the explanation of poetry in general. Poetry in its development has undergone contemporary
changes and renovations so that poetry is designed according to the circumstances and situations that
occur.
However, does Sinaumed’s already know more about poetry? Not all beautiful essays that have been
arranged as well as possible are called poetry. Then what exactly is poetry? And
where did the poem come from? This article will clarify the meaning of poetry, its
characteristics, functions, types and examples of poetry.
Meaning of Poetry
Poetry according to language comes from the word sya’ara/sya’ura which means knowing and feeling it.
Whereas in the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), it is interpreted as an old poem containing
stanzas of four lines ending in the same sound.
Strengthened by the understanding according to experts as follows:
1. Ali Badri
According to Ali Badri, poetry is a sentence that is deliberately arranged using rhythm.
2. Luwis Ma’luf
Poetry according to Luwis Ma’luf is a sentence that is intentionally given rhythm and rhyme.
3. Ahmad Hasan Az Zayyat
Ahmad Hasan Az Zayyat introduced that poetry is a sentence that rhymes and rhymes, which is expressed about a
beautiful composition and also describes the events that occurred.
4. Qudamah bin Ja’far
It is quoted in the book Naqd al-Syi’r that poetry is speech or writing that has rhythm, rhythm and rhyme as well
as elements of expression of taste and imagination which must be more dominant than prose type writing.
Poetry Features
Of course, after knowing the meaning of poetry, every literary work must have characteristics that
distinguish it from other literary works. The characteristics below are also to help Sinaumed’s
friends not to be mistaken in knowing the category of literary works with old poetry types.
1. Consists of four lines
The characteristics of this first poem are that it consists of four lines. However, poetry can
consist of several stanzas according to the poet’s wishes, but each stanza consists of four lines.
Poetry by Jalalludin Rumi
If the lover wants to find (line 1)
the temple of nothingness, go find it (line 2)
in
nothingness in the sky (line 3)
without limits, you seek him . (line
4)
The verse above shows the number of lines in the poem, as many as four lines according to the description.
2. Each line consists of four to six words
The characteristics of the second poem are that it consists of four to six words in each line.
Like the following excerpt of the poem:
As for/name/poetry/which/was written (5 words)
Kingdom/District/District/South Kalimantan (5
words)
As/material/teaching/knowledge (4 words)
For/relatives,/friends/all
(4 words)
3. Each line consists of eight-twelve
syllables
In these three characteristics, it has eight to twelve syllables. Sukh word is the number of
combinations of one or more consonant letters and one vowel. For example, the word dictionary
consists of one word: ka and mus. Here’s an example:
Ter/bang/nya/ sim/bang/an ber/pe/ri/-pe/ri/ (11 syllables)
Lin/tas/ di/ kam/pung/ ba/yqn/ jo/ha/ri/ (10
syllables) words)
Ter/li/har/lah to/pa/da/ pu/tri/nya/ Nu/ri/ (12
syllables)
Mu/ka/nya/ ce/mer/lang/ ma/nis/ ber/se/ ri/ (11 syllables)
4. All lines are contents
These four characteristics are not the same as a pantun which has a two-line sarong, the syair only
consists of the contents of the four lines. This is what distinguishes it from rhymes and old
poetry in general. Each line usually has a story or conveys a message, here’s an
example.
Our story begins in
the ancient times of maritime
times.
It was originally a country.
The emergence of the kingdom
of the king in the temple
The kingdom was named Negara Dipa.
The first king was Empu
Jatmika,
the only son of Mangkubumi and Sitira,
from Keling
Country in the Land of Java
Mangkubumi, a rich merchant
, a wise relative of the
king.
It is said that he has a beautiful son,
Empu
Jatmika.
5. Has a rhyme ending aaaa
The characteristics of this fifth poem are that it has a rhyme ending abab, here’s an example.
It is said that Paksi Simbangan whose name is
Beautiful and sweet as well as its
demeanor
Its eyes are brilliant diamonds
its beak is resounding
beyond compare
6. Contains stories or messages
With this latter feature, poetry usually contains stories that contain elements of myth, history, religion
or philosophy, or are simply fiction. But poetry can also contain advice or piweling and wise
advice.
Types and Examples of Poetry
After getting to know the characteristics, Sinaumed’s must know the types of poetry and examples, for learning
materials or knowledge about poetry, of course this is an excellent thing to understand more deeply about the
poetry.
1. Romantic Poem
Romantic poetry is poetry that contains love that is found in solace stories, saga and folklore.
This poem is used to display a long atmosphere, for example regarding figures of speech, life,
religion, love, friendship and the like. This is an example of a romantic poem.
Love Potion
Love is not just a word
And not just lust
Love is just a
feeling
Write and clean
And the feeling of
humility is not excessive
Which gives
peace
even though in confusion
Love is also a feeling
Who can see logic
So if love is
blind
And also not logic
Mala is not love
But thirst for body
Who controls
logic
And eyes heart chest
2. Panji Poetry
Panji poetry is solace. This poem has the theme of the story of the depiction of war, in this
poem there is an element of love. Here is an example of a banner poem.
Ken Addition
If you become water,
Kakang becomes a fish in
the sand
If you become the moon
Kakang becomes the back of a
merawan
Aria ningsun golden tempawan
Don’t scatter, that’s okay
sir
Master is like a flower,
Brother has become a
beetle.
Master has given Brother a doubt.
There is no pity for
you, brother
If you become a piece of rampak wood,
you become a
peacock.
No matter how far, you
can’t even move
3. Historical Poetry
Historical poetry is poetry based on historical events in the past. Most of the historical
poetry contains war. Here is an example of historical poetry.
South Kalimantan witness
Starting from the word we wrote,
all thoughts were
devoted
to composing a welfare poem,
stringing events in
sequence
As for the name of the poem written by
the Kingdom of Negaradipa in South
Kalimantan
as material for knowledge
for all of you,
friends
Although the historical evidence for South Kalimantan
is not in the form of objects
with inscriptions
, work documents can be proven
according to
research by historians
Former works that can be mentioned,
such as the Agung Temple, evidence of
relics.
Its location in Amuntai has been confirmed,
its
restoration has also been carried out
4. Figurative Poetry
Figurative poetry is conveying messages in figurative form. This poem is often referred to as
animal and flower poetry, because its content is satire or an allegory of an event. As for an
example of figurative poetry, below.
I’m not wanted
I’m just an ordinary flower.
Not as beautiful as a
rose
. It’s red
and always adored
I’m just a fringe flower,
not as pure as jasmine
, which
is white and clean
and always proud of
I’m just an ordinary flower,
even beetles are reluctant with
me,
even birds are reluctant with me,
even bees don’t seem to
know I exist
I really don’t have diamonds I
never held gold
Diamonds
never adorned me
Only this feeling in my heart
I can’t deny my love,
I can’t refuse my feelings.
This
gift will always be there,
even if it’s only one side
You’re a perfect human being.
No defects, no
injuries.
Everything is perfect.
Never escape my sight for
you
This love is not to be expressed.
There is no strength,
courage.
Even the effort really doesn’t feel worth it.
Because I
just nod, longing for the moon
5. Religious poetry
Religious poetry is very important poetry, this religious poetry has several types, namely, Sufi poetry,
poetry about Islamic teachings, poetry of advice and historical poetry of the prophet’s story.
An example of this poem is as follows.
The soul must be self-aware
Listen, O true friend
, a simple poem from the bottom of the
heart
. About life in this mortal world.
About the pebbles that
must be faced
Temporary life is just worship
Not swearing is not
immoral
Do not be lulled into temptation of lust
Until worship is
missed
Don’t be negligent about prayer , don’t
be stingy
with
alms.
God never forgets
God never turns us away
Because God is
always with us
But we always forget Him
Where do we go when we are happy,
choose others to express
joy,
where do we go when we are sad
, remembering God complaining
about sorrow
Try to always remember God.
Pray and surrender.
Both ups
and downs within
O Allah, O our Lord
Often we ask for forgiveness
So that the soul is like
dew
Don’t be stunned later
When life leaves the crown
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Elements and Functions of Poetry
The elements in poetry are divided into two, namely intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements:
1. Intrinsic Elements
- The theme is the main idea that the poet wants to convey through his poetry to every reader
- Feeling is what the poet wants from the expression in the form of his characteristics, point of view,
character and so on - The tone is the intonation or emphasis in the contents of the poem which can be ridiculing, advising,
joking, rejoicing, criticizing, compassionate and so on. - Mandate is a message or advice that the poet wants to convey to every reader
2. Extrinsic elements
- The background of the poet’s life
- Poet education
- Cultural and social background
- Adat or something customary environment of the local community
Poetry Function
- Working in arts and cultural activities of the community
- Poems can be used as songs or songs to accompany certain dances
- Poetry can be used as entertainment, for example sung in certain assemblies and wedding customs
- The melodiousness of the voice or the softness of the tone of the poetry tries to disturb the feeling and in
turn leaves a deep impression - Poetry is also used to convey teaching through the story and again
- Poetry is also a medium of information for the local environment
That’s some more extensive information about the definition, characteristics, functions, types and examples
of poetry. We hope that this will inspire you to write old poetry-type literary works in the
poetry category, and also for Grameads friends who like poetry, you can find a collection of interesting
poetry books only at www.sinaumedia.com . Prey!
Don’t run out, sinaumedia as #FriendsWithoutLimits will always recommend interesting and
motivating books for us Sinaumed’s.