Members of the Committee of Nine – When talking about Indonesian history, especially about independence, it cannot be separated from the name BPUPKI. Within BPUPKI itself there are lots of meetings that discuss various kinds of discussions. Of the many discussions that were carried out, one of them was the drafting of the text of the Jakarta charter.
The drafting of the text of the Jakarta charter can be said to be one of the forerunners to the formation of the ideology and basis of the Indonesian state, namely Pancasila. The text of the Jakarta charter was formed or drafted by nine members of the committee.
Well, on this occasion we will discuss more about the Committee of Nine. So, watch this review to the end, Sinaumed’s.
Member of the Committee of Nine
The Committee of Nine was a small committee which was formed at the end of the first session of the BPUPKI (Investigating Agency for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence) which took place on 29 May-1 June 1945. The members of the Committee of Nine themselves were established on 22 June 1945.
As is well known, BPUPKI is led by Dr. Radjiman Wedyodiningrat and was tasked with formulating several things including the form of the state and the basic philosophy of the state. One of them is formulating the basis of the state through the Committee of Nine.
The members of the Committee of Nine are chaired by Ir. Soekarno and deputy chairman Drs. Mohammad Hatta. The task of the committee of nine is also to discuss and formulate the basis of the Indonesian state. In addition, the Committee of Nine is also tasked with accommodating various kinds of input and suggestions from BPUPKI members. Then, from this task, the trial began, from May 29 to June 1, 1945.
From this meeting itself then produced the Jakarta Charter or Jakarta Charter . However, before producing the Jakarta Charter, there were already several national figures who provided basic suggestions for the state, namely Ir. Sukarno, Mr. Soepomo, and Mr. Muhammad Yamen. The three national figures have different ideas about the basis of the state.
Even though Mr. Soepomo was not a member of the Committee of Nine, his role in conveying ideas was very significant. What’s more, his role in BPUPKI itself.
Then, on June 1, 1945, Ir Soekarno delivered his speech regarding the basis of the Indonesian state which we are now more familiar with as Pancasila. From then on, Pancasila began to be used as the basis of the Indonesian state. However, at that time, the contents of the Jakarta Charter or Pancasila underwent changes because the first precepts were considered not to reflect the character of the Indonesian nation.
Therefore, after the protest against the 1st precept, the text of the Jakarta Charter underwent changes. However, these changes were no longer made by BPUPKI but by PPKI. This is because during the change in the text, BPUPKI was disbanded and replaced with PPKI.
Basically, the Committee of Nine was formed after the BPUPKI formed a committee of eight or better known as the “Small Committee”. At that time, after the Committee of Eight had finished holding a meeting with 38 BPUPKI members, then the Committee of Nine was formed by BPUPKI.
The Committee of Nine is tasked with investigating various kinds of proposals regarding the basic formulation of the state. The trial itself took place on June 22, 1945. The chairman of the nine committees was Ir. Soekarno with his deputy chairman being Drs. Mohammad Hatta. Member. The nine committee figures consisted of participants at the BPUPKI session, and consisted of Islamic groups and nationalist groups. The following is a list of nine committee members:
- Ir. Sukarno (served as chairman)
- Drs. Mohammad Hatta (served as Vice Chairman)
- KHA Wahid Hasyim
- Kyai Haji Kahar Muzakir
- Mr. AA Maramis
- Abikusno Tjokrosujoso (served as an Islamic group)
- Mr. Achmad Soebardjo (served as a national group)
- H. Agus Salim
- Mr. Mohammed. Yamin.
So, that’s the list of members of the Committee of Nine along with a brief history of the formation of the Committee of Nine. with the results of the meeting of the Committee of Nine, the Indonesian people have a state foundation that is in accordance with the characteristics of the nation.
Committee of Nine
The duties of the Committee of Nine include discussing and formulating the basis for an independent Indonesian state. This committee also then collects various suggestions as well as the votes of the audience who attended the trial. Starting from a meeting attended by BPUPKI members, the Committee of Nine then produced a formulation of the Jakarta Charter. Quoting from the book Citizenship Education:
By Building Democratic Citizens, the meeting was then held at the Jawa Hokokai building. During the meeting, discussions were held regarding the basic formulation of the state. This meeting itself was held with the aim of achieving an independent Indonesia. The Ninel Committee then makes suggestions to the relevant investigating agency regarding:
- This investigative body then determines the form of the state and draws up basic laws.
- About nationality and finance.
- Requesting the Tokyo government and BPUPKI to immediately implement independence for the Indonesian state, in accordance with the basic law determined by the investigative agency and installed the national government.
On 22 June 1945, the committee of nine then held a meeting at the residence of Ir. Soekarno, at Jalan Pegangsaan Timur Number 56, Jakarta. The meeting itself discussed the draft preamble to the constitution. The Committee of Nine then produced a formula as the goal of an independent Indonesian state. From the results of the meeting which resulted in the Jakarta Charter (Jakarta Charter).
Until finally, the text of the Jakarta Charter was signed by a committee of nine. The contents of the Jakarta Charter include the following:
- Belief in the One and Only God by carrying out Islamic law for its adherents as an obligation.
- Just and civilized humanity.
- The unity of Indonesia.
- Population led by wisdom in deliberations or representatives.
- Social justice for all the people of Indonesia.
This formulation of the Jakarta Charter was then presented at the second meeting of the BPUPKI which was held on July 10, 1945. Quoting from the book I am Indonesia, I am Pancasila, PKN Package B , the committee of Nine then believed that the Jakarta Charter could unite understanding during the BPUPKI meeting. Until finally on July 14, 1945, through this second meeting, the Jakarta Charter was then accepted by BPUPKI.
Changes to the Text of the Jakarta Charter
Quoting from the kemdikbud.go.id website , after the BPUPKI was disbanded a PPKI was formed which continued the duties of the BPUPKI. PPKI stands for Indonesian Independence Preparatory Committee. PPKI itself made changes to Pancasila texts which were carried out in a session.
The trial took place on August 18, 1945 and was held at the Jakarta Arts Building. The assembly itself agreed to change the opening sentence of the Constitution in the fourth paragraph regarding the basis of the Pancasila state, the first precept then reads “Belief with the obligation to carry out Islamic law for its adherents” which was changed to “Belief in the One and Only God”.
The change in the first paragraph itself is to protect the interests of the nation and state, because Indonesia consists of various tribes and religions. The first precept change also upholds tolerance and maintains unity and oneness. Following are the contents of the 1945 Constitution which was later ratified by PPKI on August 18, 1945:
- Belief in the one and only God.
- Just and civilized humanity.
- The unity of Indonesia.
- Population led by wisdom in deliberations or representatives.
- Social justice for all the people of Indonesia.
About BPUPKI
BPUPKI is an independence preparatory committee which was later formed by the Japanese and also chaired by Dr. KRT Radjiman Wedyodiningrat. BPUPKI itself was formed on 29 April 1945 and was dissolved on 7 August 1945. BPUPKI stands for Investigating Agency for Preparatory Efforts for Independence.
BPUPKI’s own duties include providing assistance and support for the process of Indonesian independence. In addition, the purpose of establishing the BPUPKI is to study and investigate matters related to the formation of the Indonesian state and the basis of the Indonesian state.
The background for the formation of the BPUPKI itself was contained in the Gunseikan Declaration No. 23 dated 29 May 1945. One of the reasons for the formation of the BPUPKI was that Japan’s position was increasingly being threatened by the allies. In addition, another reason for the formation of the BPUPKI was that Japan then captivated the hearts of the Indonesian people to maintain power.
The BPUPKI inauguration ceremony itself was held on May 28, 1945, at the Cuo Sangi In building, Jalan Pejambon (which is now known as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Building), Jakarta. The BPUPKI session itself took place twice. In this session discussed the basic formulation of the state, the establishment of the PPKI, and discussed the draft Constitution.
BPUPKI Organizational Structure
In Japanese, BPUPKI is also known as Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai. BPUPKI has 62 members chaired by Dr. KRT Radjiman Wedyodiningrat. The deputy chairmen were Raden Pandji Soeroso and the Japanese representative, Ichibangase Yosio.
Meanwhile, the head of the secretariat was Toyohito Masuda and Mr. AG. Pringgodigdo. The BPUPKI session itself took place twice and also gave birth to nine committees. The duties of the nine committees include providing incoming suggestions and determining unanimity of opinion.
BPUPKI members themselves consist of 62 Indonesians, 8 special people from Japan whose job is to observe, with an additional 6 members from Indonesia. The formation of these members was then determined by Japan, while an additional six people were appointed as BPUPKI members. Here are some names of BPUPKI members:
- RT Radjiman Wedyodiningrat (as head of BPUPKI)
- P. Soeroso (as Deputy Chairman of BPUPKI)
- Ichibangse Yoshio (as Deputy Chairman of BPUPKI)
- Soekarno (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Moh. Hatta (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Muhammad Yamin (as BPUPKI member)
- Johannes Latuharhary (as BPUPKI member)
- R. Hendromartono (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Soekardjo Wirjopranoto (as member of BPUPKI)
- H. Ahmad Sanusi (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Agoes Moechsin Dasaad (as BPUPKI member)
- Tang Eng Hoa (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Soerachman Tjokrodimuljo (as member of BPUPKI)
- Soemitro Kolopaking Poerbonegoro (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Soerjaningrat (as member of BPUPKI)
- Achmad Soebardjo (as BPUPKI member)
- Dr. R. Djenal Asikin Widjajakoesoema (as member of BPUPKI)
- RM. Abikoesno Tjokrosoejoso (as member of BPUPKI)
- Parada Harahap (as member of BPUPKI)
- RM. Sartono (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Mas Mansoer (as a member of BPUPKI)
- KRMA. Sosrodiningrat (as a member of BPUPKI)
- R. Soewandi (as member of BPUPKI)
- Abdul Wachid Hasjim (as BPUPKI member)
- F Dahler (as member of BPUPKI)
- Sukiman Wirjosandjojo (as member of BPUPKI)
- KRMT. Wongsonegoro (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Oto Iskandar Di Nata (as BPUPKI member)
- Baswedan (as member of BPUPKI)
- Abdoel Kadir (as BPUPKI member)
- Samsi Sastro Widagdo (as BPUPKI member)
- AA Maramis (as a member of BPUPKI)
- R. Samoeddin (as BPUPKI member)
- R. Sastro Moeljono (as BPUPKI member)
- Abdul Fatah Hasan (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Asikin Natanegara (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Soerjohamidjojo (as member of BPUPKI)
- P. Mohammad Noor (as a member of BPUPKI)
- Mas Besar Martokoesoemo (as BPUPKI member)
- Abdoel Kaffar (as BPUPKI member)