difference between hypothesis and theory

Understanding the Difference between Hypothesis and Theory in Scientific Research

If you are familiar with science or any scientific research, you might have heard the terms hypothesis and theory. While the two terms share similarities, they differ in their applications and levels of certainty. It is essential to understand the difference between these two terms to grasp the scientific method and ensure accurate research findings.

What is a Hypothesis?

A hypothesis refers to a proposed explanation or prediction of a phenomenon observed in a natural event. It is a tentative assumption based on limited evidence that requires further investigation to validate or reject. Hypothesis formation is the first step in scientific research, and it helps researchers to identify the variables that they want to study. Generally, researchers formulate hypotheses based on their observations, existing theories, and previous scientific studies.

For example, a researcher might have observed that plants grow better with enough sunlight. Their hypothesis would be “Plants grow better when they receive more sunlight.” To test their hypothesis, they would design experiments that manipulate the light levels and observe the plant’s growth. If their experiment supports their hypothesis, then they can build on it and move towards the next step of formulating a theory.

What is a Theory?

A theory refers to an explanation or model that explains observed phenomena. Unlike a hypothesis, a theory has been extensively tested and supported by multiple lines of evidence. It is a well-established scientific explanation that provides a framework for understanding various concepts and principles. In essence, a theory can be thought of as a collection of supported hypotheses that have been refined over time.

For instance, the theory of evolution explains how living organisms change over generations due to the processes of natural selection, genetic drift, and mutations. The theory of gravity explains why all objects in the universe attract each other with a force proportional to their mass.

Conclusion

In summary, the primary difference between hypothesis and theory is the level of evidence supporting each. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that requires further testing and validation, while a theory is a well-established scientific explanation that has been tested and supported by various lines of evidence. Both hypotheses and theories play an essential role in scientific research, and they allow scientists to explore and expand on their knowledge of the natural world.

Table difference between hypothesis and theory

Difference between Hypothesis and Theory

Attribute	Hypothesis	Theory
Definition	A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.	A well-tested and widely accepted scientific explanation that explains a broad range of observations and experimental results.
Function	Hypotheses provide a starting point for scientific inquiry and often serve as a basis for predictions that can be tested through further research.	Theories provide explanations for large-scale phenomena, and can be used to make many predictions about how natural systems will behave. They can also be modified or expanded to fit new data.
Proof	While a hypothesis may be supported or not supported by evidence, it can never be absolutely proven.	Although a theory cannot be proven in an absolute sense, it can be widely accepted if it has been thoroughly tested and has successfully predicted the outcomes of many experiments and observations.
Scope	Hypotheses are typically narrower in scope and focus on explaining a specific phenomenon or set of data.	Theories are broader in scope and can be used to explain a wide variety of phenomena.
Development	Hypotheses are often developed through a process of trial and error, with researchers proposing and testing multiple hypotheses before settling on the most viable explanation.	Theories are developed through a process of refinement and modification based on new evidence and observations.