The Difference between Array and Structure
In computer programming, arrays and structures are common data types used for storing and organizing information. Although they share some similarities, they have distinct differences that set them apart. In this article, we will discuss these differences in detail.
Definition of Array and Structure
An array is a data structure that contains a collection of elements of the same data type. These elements are stored in consecutive memory locations, and each element can be accessed using an index that represents its position in the array.
On the other hand, a structure is a composite data type that contains different elements of different data types. Each element is identified by a unique name and can be accessed by its name.
Usage of Array and Structure
Arrays are used to store a large number of elements of the same data type, such as a list of integers or characters. They are useful for implementing algorithms that require the processing of multiple elements at once, such as sorting or searching.
Structures are used to store a collection of related data that belong together. For example, a student record can include the name, address, phone number, and grade point average of a student. These elements form a structure, and each one can be accessed using its name.
Memory Allocation of Array and Structure
Arrays are allocated in contiguous memory locations, meaning that all elements are stored sequentially in memory. This makes accessing elements of an array faster because the position of each element is known.
Structures, on the other hand, may not be allocated in contiguous memory. This is because each element in a structure can be of a different size, requiring the use of alternate memory allocation techniques.
Flexibility of Array and Structure
Arrays are fixed in size and cannot be resized dynamically. This means that once an array is created, the size cannot be changed. However, arrays can be created with a predetermined size to ensure that enough memory is allocated for all elements.
Structures, on the other hand, can be resized dynamically because they are not fixed in size. This makes structures more flexible than arrays because additional elements can be added or removed as needed.
Conclusion
In summary, arrays and structures are both important data types in computer programming. Although they share similarities, they have distinct differences that set them apart. Arrays are fixed in size, allocated in contiguous memory, and store elements of the same data type. Structures are dynamic in size, allocated using different memory allocation techniques, and can store elements of different data types.
Understanding the difference between arrays and structures can help programmers choose the appropriate data type for their specific needs.
Table difference between array and structure
| Aspect | Array | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | An array is a data structure that stores a collection of elements of the same type under a single variable name. | A structure is a composite data type that groups together related data items under a single variable name. |
| Declaration | Declared using square brackets [ ]. | Declared using curly braces { } and the keyword ‘struct’. |
| Accessing Elements | Elements are accessed using an index number. | Elements are accessed using the dot notation. |
| Type of Data | Arrays store elements of the same data type. | Structures can store elements of different data types. |
| Size | The size of an array is fixed and determined at compile time. | The size of a structure is dynamic and can be changed during runtime. |