The Key Differences Between Heart Attack and Heart Failure
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with heart attack and heart failure being commonly reported cardiovascular diseases. Although both conditions involve the heart, they are different in terms of their causes, symptoms, and treatment. Here’s what you need to know about the differences between heart attack and heart failure.
What is a heart attack?
A heart attack occurs when a coronary artery (blood vessel that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle) is narrowed or blocked, resulting in the blood flow to the heart being reduced or completely cut off. This can cause damage to the heart muscle, and if left untreated, can lead to permanent heart damage or even death.
Symptoms of a heart attack include chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Quick medical intervention is necessary to restore blood flow, so if you experience any of these symptoms, call 911 immediately.
What is heart failure?
Heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, is a chronic condition where the heart can’t pump blood efficiently. This can happen due to damage to the heart muscle, high blood pressure, or other illnesses affecting the heart. As a result, fluid can build up in the lungs and other organs, causing fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet.
Unlike a heart attack, heart failure is a long-term condition that typically develops over time. The symptoms of heart failure can be managed with medication, a healthy diet, exercise, and other interventions such as surgery or implantable devices.
The difference in treatment
In the case of a heart attack, time is of the essence. The sooner medical intervention is provided, the better the chances of the patient’s survival and recovery. Treatment for a heart attack may involve medication, surgery, or other interventions depending on the severity of the condition.
Treatment for heart failure is focused on managing the symptoms and improving the heart’s function. Medications, lifestyle changes, and surgery may be used to control high blood pressure and alleviate symptoms like fluid buildup. In some cases, heart transplant may be necessary.
Conclusion
Although heart attack and heart failure are both serious conditions, understanding the differences between them can help you identify the symptoms and seek medical attention if necessary. Remember, if you experience chest pain or other symptoms of a heart attack, seek medical assistance immediately. If you have been diagnosed with heart failure, follow your doctor’s treatment plan carefully to manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life.
Table difference between heart attack and heart failure
| Heart Attack | Heart Failure | |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A blockage in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood, resulting in damage to the heart muscle | The heart’s inability to pump blood effectively throughout the body, often due to a weakened or damaged heart muscle |
| Cause | Typically caused by a buildup of cholesterol and other substances in the blood vessels, resulting in a blood clot that interrupts blood flow to the heart | Often caused by underlying conditions such as high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, or a previous heart attack |
| Symptoms | Chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, pain or discomfort in the arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach, sweating, lightheadedness or dizziness | Shortness of breath, swelling in the legs, ankles or feet, fatigue, rapid or irregular heartbeat, persistent cough or wheezing, increased need to urinate at night |
| Treatment | Immediate medical attention is required, with treatment ranging from medication to surgery, such as an angioplasty or bypass surgery | Treatment aims to address the underlying cause, with options including medication, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, a heart transplant |