Every Muslim is required to read the Al-Quran and in reading the Al-Quran must be in accordance with the law of tajwid. In the science of recitation, there are laws for reading mad lin or mad layyin. To find out more about mad lin, you can see this Sinaumed’s article.
Meaning of mad
Before we discuss mad lin, it’s a good idea to discuss the meaning of mad first. Mad literally means continuing or exaggerating, in term mad can be interpreted as a sign of a long sound in Arabic (a short sound becomes a long sound).
In terms of terms, tajwid scholars and reading experts say that mad means lengthening the sound with continuation according to the position of one of the mad letters. There are two parts of mad, namely mad genuine and mad far’i. There are three mad letters, namely alif, wau, and ya’ and these letters must line up dead or saktah. The length and short reading of mad is measured using the same vowel. Mad law on lafadz; faa, fii, fuu, faa.
In general mad is divided into 2, namely:
Mad Thabi’i
Mad Thabi’i is mad law that is original and still pure, where Mad means long and thabi’i means ordinary. As for how to read it, it must be two vowels long which is called one alif.
Mad thabi’i this happens if:
- Letters with the vowel fathah that meet the alif
- Letters with the vowel kasrah that meet ya breadfruit
- The letter with the vowel dhammah meets wawu breadfruit
Here’s an example:
سَمِيْعٌ
read: Samī’un
يَقُوْلُ
read: Yaqulu
كِتَابٌ
read: Kitabun
Mad Far’i
Mad Far’i in terms of language means branch. Meanwhile, from the term, mad far’i is the law of reading which is an addition to the original mad. The length of the reading itself is two and a half alif or equal to 2, 4 or 6 beats.
Mad Far’i is read at length because of the existence of hamza, breadfruit, tasydid, and endowments.
Mad Obligatory Muttasil
This mad happens when mad thabi’i meets hamzah in one sentence or verse. As for how to read it, it is usually extended for four to five vowels (two to two and a half alifs) if there is washal and waqaf, and it is read six vowels if it is at the end of a word and it is read waqaf.
Example:
جِيْٓءَ
جَآءَ
سَوَآءٌ
Mad Jaiz Munfasil
Mad Jaiz Munfashil occurs when a mad thabi’i meets a hamzah, but the hamzah is in a different sentence. Jaiz itself means allowed, while Munfashil has a separate meaning. How to read mad jaiz munfashil, extended from two to six vowels.
Example:
مَآ اُنْزِلَ
اِنَّآ اَوْحَيْنَآ اِلَيْكَ
يٰآ اَيُّهَا
قُوْآ اَنْفُسَكُمْ
Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal Kilmi
Mad Typical Mutsaqqal Kilmi occurs when the original mad meets tasydid in one sentence, then it is read in length in the form of 3 alif or 6 vowels and then it is read in weight.
Example:
وَلَا الضَّآلِّيْنَ
الْحَآقَّةُ
الطَّآمَّةُ
Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Kilmi
This mad happens when the original mad meets a dead letter ( breadfruit ). As for how to read it is a long 3 alif or 6 vowels. This Madrasa requires that the reading be long, light, deep. Uniquely, this mad reading is only in Surah Yunus verses 51 and 91.
Example:
آلْاٰنَ
Mad Lazim Mutsaqqal Harfi
In terms of mad, this means the usual length of the letter and the weight. This Mad occurs if at the beginning of a surah of the Al-Quran there is one or more of the following letters:
ن ق ص ع س ل ك م
arranged in sentences:
نَقْصُ عَسَلِكُمْ
This mad must be read 6 vowels or 3 alif.
Example:
نٓ, صٓ, قٓ, كٓهٰيٰعٓصٓ, الٓمٓ
Mad Lazim Mukhaffaf Harfi
Mad in terms means the length of the light letters. That is, if at the beginning of a surah of the Koran there is one of the following letters:
ح ي ط ه ر
arranged in sentences:
حَيُّ طُهَرً
The way to read it is also the same length as mad thabi’i, namely 1 alif or 2 vowels.
Example:
حٰمٓ, يٰسٓ, الٓرٰ, طٰهٰ
Mad Layyin
Linguistically, it means long, soft or gentle. If there is a وْ or يْ because the waqaf (stop) falls after the vowel fathah, then the law for reading is 2 to 6 vowels (1 to 3 alif) with a soft and gentle tone.
Example:
خَوْفٍ, قُرَيْشٍ الصَّيْفِ
The definition of Mad Lin
In reading the Al-Quran, one thing that is important to note is the law of reading. There are many reading laws in the Al-Quran that need to be memorized, understood, and then applied directly when reading the Al-Quran.
The law of reciting the Al-Quran is included in the science of tajwid which aims to prevent the reading of the Al-Quran from making mistakes and to maintain the oral language so that it is not wrong when reading it. That way, the activity of reading the Al-Quran can be carried out properly and correctly according to predetermined teachings.
One of the laws of reading that you need to know is mad layyin or also known as mad lin. Mad layyin is one of the 13 mad far’i laws. The law of this reading is actually almost the same as mad thobi’i. However, what distinguishes it is the vowel sign and the law from mad layyin which applies to the hijaiyah letters in the form of alif.
Mad lin or mad layyin is a type of mad in the science of recitation. How to read it must be pronounced with a length of 2, 4, or 6 vowels. Every qori or Al-Quran reader must understand mad discussion in the science of recitation. This is because mad readings will always be found in every surah of the Koran. Linguistically, mad means long, while lin means soft or flexible.
As a note, if the reader of the Koran has decided to read madlin in 2 vowels, the reading of the waqaf madlin must also be repeated in 2 vowels consistently. Likewise 4 vowels or 6 vowels
Mad Lin is a dead wawu or yes’ dead which is located after the letters in the fathah line. Mad layyin is useful when reading stops, waqaf is marked stopping or waqaf is at the end of the verse. Reporting from the book Nihayatul Qaul al-Mufid, the way to read mad layyin is to read the letters with the vowel fathah first. Then, it is connected with the letters yes or wau breadfruit by reading it long, then it is locked using hijaiyah letters afterwards.
The reading length of the mad layyin may be 2 vowels (1 alif), 4 vowels (2 alif), or 6 vowels (3 alif), depending on which one is chosen. This law still applies if the reading length is consistent (fixed, even, and regular). When mad lin is pronounced not in accordance with the tajwid, then the meaning and meaning of the verse will be distorted.
For this reason, the scholars stated that the law of studying recitation, including the discussion of mad lin, is fardu kifayah, as reported by NU Online.
Reading the Al-Quran properly and correctly is a command from Allah SWT, as illustrated in surah Al-Muzzammil verse 4
“… And read the Koran slowly,” (QS. Al-Muzzammil [73]: 4).
Among the various mad lins, there are mad lin which only occur when reading the Koran stops or waqaf on letters with the vowel fathah or dammah meet with the letters ya (ي) or waw (و) marked with breadfruit. Then, in front of the letters yes or waw, there is another letter that is turned off because it has to be waqaf.
In Arabic, mad (المد) means to lengthen. The term is to lengthen the sound when pronouncing the mad letters.
In other words, the reader of the Al-Quran lengthens the sound of letters or readings because in that verse there is one mad letter.
When reading the Al-Quran stops or endowments on letters with the vowel fathah or dammah meet the letters yes (ي) or waw (و) which are marked with breadfruit. Furthermore, in front of the letters yes or waw, there is another letter that is turned off because it has to be waqf, as Imam Zarkasyi wrote in Lessons of Tajwid (1987).
Examples of words that contain mad lin rules are: قُرَيْشٍ (read: Quraisy), ٱلصَّيْفِ (As-Shaiif), and خَوْفٍۭ (Khauuf).
How to Read Mad Layyin or Mad Lin
After knowing the meaning of mad layyin or mad lin, it feels incomplete if you don’t discuss how to read it.
The way to read mad layyin or mad lin laws is to read the letters with the fathah vowel first, then continue with the letters “waw” breadfruit or “yes” breadfruit which are read in length. Then after that it is locked using hijaiyah letters.
Meanwhile, for the reading length of mad layyin or mad lin, it may be two vowels (1 alif) or six vowels (3 alif). One of these is chosen and still applies to mad reading laws. Even so, the length of the vowel must also be consistent.
Examples of Mad Layyin or Mad Lin Reading Laws
Example of Mad Layyin Wau Sukun
For mad layyin reading laws that use waw breadfruit, an example is as follows:
مَوْتِ
The reading is read “death”. But because there is a waqf, it reads as “mauuuut”.
خَوْفٌ
The reading is read “khoufun”. But because there is a waqaf, it reads as “khouuuuuuf”.
Example of Mad Layyin Ya Sukun
For mad layyin reading laws that use ya breadfruit, an example is as follows:
هَذاَ الْبَيْتِ
The reading is read “hadzal baiti”. But because there is a waqaf, it reads as “hadzal baiiiiti”.
اِلَيْهِ
The reading is read “ilaihi”. But because there is a waqaf, it reads as “ililaiiiiih”.
Examples of Mad Lin Readings in the Koran
According to the book Learning Methods for Reading and Writing the Qur’an by Mursal Aziz and Zulkifli Nasution, there are several examples of Mad Lin’s readings that must be examined in the Al-Quran, including:
Al Baqarah verse 2
ذٰلِكَ الْكِتٰبُ لَا رَيْبَ
An example of the first mad lin can be observed in the pronunciation of رَيْبَ. There ro’ meets ya’ breadfruit, so it must be read two vowels long.
Al-Baqarah Verse 3
Allah
Allażīna yu`minụna bil-ghoibi wa yuqīmụnaṣ-ṣalāta wa mimmā razaqnāhum yunfiqụn.
Meaning: “(namely) those who believe in the unseen, pray, and spend some of the sustenance that We give them,” (QS. Al-Baqarah: 3).
Al-Baqarah Verse 6
???
Innallażīna kafarụ sawā`un ‘alaihim a anżartahum am lam tunżir-hum lā yu`minụn.
Meaning: “Verily those who disbelieve, it is the same to them, you (Muhammad) warn or you do not warn, they will not believe.” (QS. Al-Baqarah: 6).
Al Baqarah verse 61
قَالَ اَتَسْتَبْدِلُوْنَ الَّذِيْ هُوَ اَدْنٰى بِالَّذِيْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ
Lafadz خَيْرٌ is an example of mad lin reading, namely the letter kho with the punctuation fathah meets ya’ breadfruit, so it must be read two vowels long.
Al Baqarah verse 182
فَاَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَآ اِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ
The mad lin of this verse is found in the pronunciation of بَيْنَهُمْ. There is the letter ba’ fathah meeting with ya’ breadfruit, so the way to read it is to read it in length for two vowels.
Al-Kahf Verse 19
قَالُوْا لَبِثْنَا يَوْمًا اَوْ بَعْضَ
In the pronunciation of يَوْمًا, the letter ya’ fathah meets wawu breadfruit, so the way to read it is two vowels long.
Ali Imran Verse 26
قُلِ ٱللَّهُمَّ مَٰلِكَ ٱلْمُلْكِ تُؤْتِى ٱلْمُلْكَ مَن تَشَآءُ وَتَنزِعُ ٱلْمُلْكَ مِمَّن تَشَآءُ وَتُعِزُّ مَن تَشَآءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَن تَشَآءُ ۖ بِيَدِكَ ٱلْخَيْرُ ۖ إِنَّكَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
“Qulillāhumma mālikal-mulki tu’til-mulka man tasyā`u wa tanziul-mulka min man tasyā`u wa tu’izzu man tasyā`u wa tużillu man tasyā`, biyadikal-khaīr, innaka ‘alā kulli syai`ing qadīr”
Meaning: “Say: ‘O God who has a kingdom, you give the kingdom to whoever you want and you take away the kingdom from the one you want. You glorify the person you want and you humiliate the person you want. In Your hands are all goodness. Indeed, You are the Almighty over all things, “(QS. Ali Imran [3]: 26).
Al-Quraish verses 1-4
لِإِيلَٰفِ قُرَيْشٍ
Li`īlāfi quraīsy
Meaning: “Because of the habits of the Quraysh people,” (QS. Al-Quraish [106]: 1).
إِۦلَٰفِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّيْفِ
“Ilāfihim riḥlatasy-syitā`i waṣ-ṣaīf”
Meaning: “(That is) their habit of traveling in winter and summer,” (QS. Al-Quraisy [106]: 2).
فَلْيَعْبُدُوا۟ رَبَّ هَٰذَا ٱلْبَيْتِ
“Falya’budụ rabba hāżal-baīt”
Meaning: “Then let them worship the Lord of this house (Kaaba),” (QS. Al-Quraisy [106]: 3).
ٱلَّذِىٓ أَطْعَمَهُم مِّن جُوعٍ وَءَامَنَهُم مِّنْ خَوْفٍۭ
“Allażī aṭ’amahum min jụ’iw wa āmanahum min khaụf”
Meaning: “Who has given food to them to relieve hunger and secure them from fear,” (QS. Al-Quraisy [106]: 4).
Abraham Verse 33
وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلشَّمْسَ وَٱلْقَمَرَ دَآئِبَيْنِ ۖ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلَّيْلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ
“Wa sakhkhara akumusy-syamsa wal-qamara dā`ibaīn, wa sakhkhara akumul-laila wan-nahār”
Meaning: “And He has subjected (also) to you the sun and the moon which are constantly circulating (in their orbits); and has subjected to you the night and the day,” (QS. Ibrahim [14]: 33).
Al-Jumuah Verse 9
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ master امَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا نُودِىَ لِلصَّلَوٰةِ مِن يَوْمِ ٱلْجُمُعَةِ فَٱْعَوْا۟
“Yā ayyuhallażīna āmanū iżā nụdiya liṣ-ṣalāti miy yaumil-jum’ati fas’au ilā żikrillāhi wa żarul baī’ .. “
Meaning: “O you who believe, when called on to perform Friday prayers, then hasten you to remember Allah and leave buying and selling. That is better for you if you know, “(QS. Al-Jumuah [62]: 9).
Al-Balad Verse 8
أَلَمْ نَجْعَل لَّهُۥ عَيْنَيْنِ
Alam naj’al lahụ ‘ainaīn
Meaning: “Did We not give him two eyes,” (QS. Al-Balad [90]: 8).
Al-Balad Verse 9
وَلِسَانًا وَشَفَتَيْنِ
“Wa lisānaw wa syafataīn”
Meaning: “Tongue and two lips,” (QS. Al-Balad [90]: 9).
Ar-Rahman Verse 17
رَبُّالْمَشْرِقَيْنِوَرَبُّالْمَغْرِبَيْنِۚ
Robbul Masyriqaini wa robbul maghrobaiiiin.
Meaning: “God (who cares for) the two easts and God (who cares for) the two west.” (QS. Ar-Rahman: 17).
Thus the discussion of mad lin reading laws along with examples. Hopefully all the discussion above can be useful for Sinaumed’s.
Sinaumed’s can get more information about mad lin by reading books available at sinaumedia.com . As #FriendsWithoutLimits we always try to give the best. To support Sinaumed’s in adding insight, sinaumedia always provides quality and original books so that Sinaumed’s has #MoreWithReading information.
Author: Yufi Cantika Sukma Divine