The Fundamental Differences Between Metal and Nonmetal
Metals and nonmetals are two distinct types of elements that are found in nature. Even though they share some similar properties, there are several differences between them. This article will explore the fundamental dissimilarities between metal and nonmetal.
What are Metals?
Metals are elements that are generally good conductors of heat and electricity. They are usually shiny, malleable, ductile, and have high melting and boiling points. Examples of metals include iron, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, and platinum.
What are Nonmetals?
Nonmetals, on the other hand, are elements that have poor conductivity of heat and electricity. Unlike metals, nonmetals are usually brittle and have low melting and boiling points. Nonmetals can be found in different forms such as gases, solids, and liquids. Examples of nonmetals include oxygen, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon.
Differences between Metals and Nonmetals
One of the most significant differences between metals and nonmetals is their electronic configuration. Metals typically have one or two electrons in their outermost shell, while nonmetals have 4, 5, 6, or 7 electrons in their outermost shell.
Another difference is their physical properties. As mentioned earlier, metals are usually shiny, malleable, ductile, and have high melting and boiling points. Nonmetals, on the other hand, are usually dull, brittle, and have low melting and boiling points.
Metals and nonmetals also react differently with acid. Metals usually react with acid to produce hydrogen gas and salt. Nonmetals, however, do not react with acid in the same way.
Lastly, metals are known to be good conductors of electricity and heat, whereas nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity and heat.
Conclusion
In conclusion, metals and nonmetals are two distinct types of elements that have different sets of properties. Metals have high melting and boiling points, good conductivity of heat and electricity, and are malleable and ductile. Nonmetals, on the other hand, have low melting and boiling points, poor conductivity of heat and electricity, and are usually brittle. Understanding the fundamental differences between these two types of elements is critical in science and industry.
Table difference between metal and nonmetal
| Property | Metal | Nonmetal |
|---|---|---|
| Physical State | Solid at room temperature (except for mercury) | Can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature |
| Conductivity | Good conductors of heat and electricity | Poor conductors of heat and electricity |
| Malleability and Ductility | Malleable and ductile (can be easily shaped into thin sheets or wires) | Brittle and not ductile (cannot be easily shaped) |
| Chemical Reactivity | React with acids to produce hydrogen gas, corrode when exposed to air and water | React with metals to form salts, tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions |
| Appearance | Shiny, often silvery in color | Varies depending on the element |