Difference between Graphite and Diamond: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction
Graphite and diamond are two of the most incredible substances on earth. They are both made of carbon, yet they differ significantly in their properties and applications. In this article, we will explore the differences between these two valuable substances.
The Structure of Graphite and Diamond
Diamond and graphite have very different structures. Diamond has a tetrahedral structure, which means that each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms. This strong, rigid structure makes diamond one of the hardest materials on earth. Graphite, on the other hand, has a sheet-like structure, with each carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms. The sheets can slide over each other easily, making the material softer and more flexible than diamond.
Physical Properties of Graphite and Diamond
Diamond and graphite differ in their physical properties. Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material on earth, with a Mohs hardness of 10. It has a very high melting point of 3820 °C and is an excellent thermal conductor. Graphite, on the other hand, is a good conductor of electricity but a poor thermal conductor. It has a lower melting point of around 3650 °C and is softer than diamond with a Mohs hardness of 1-2.
Applications of Graphite and Diamond
The unique properties of graphite and diamond have different applications. Diamond is widely used as a cutting tool due to its exceptional hardness, sharpness, and durability. It is also used in a variety of industrial applications, including electronics and medical equipment. Graphite has many applications in industry, particularly in the manufacturing of electrodes and as a lubricant due to its excellent frictional properties.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the differences between graphite and diamond are quite significant, despite both being made of carbon. Diamond is known for its exceptional hardness and durability while graphite is valued for its flexibility and conductivity. Understanding these differences is crucial in determining the appropriate material for various applications.
Table difference between graphite and diamond
| Graphite | Diamond |
|---|---|
| Consists of layers of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons. | Consists of carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral lattice structure. |
| Soft and brittle. | Hard and durable. |
| Dark and opaque. | Transparent and refractive. |
| Good conductor of electricity due to delocalized electrons. | Poor conductor of electricity due to absence of free electrons. |
| Used as a lubricant. | Used in cutting, drilling and polishing tools, as well as in jewelry. |