Difference between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Human beings have been blessed with an intricate immune system that helps them fight off diseases. This system is divided into two parts – innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Both types of immunity work together to keep us healthy and protected from infections, but they function differently. In this article, we will explore the difference between innate and adaptive immunity.
What is Innate Immunity?
Innate immunity is the body’s first line of defence against pathogens. It is present in humans from birth, and the immune response is immediate. Innate immunity is activated by the presence of foreign particles in the body, such as bacteria or viruses. The immune response is non-specific, meaning it targets any foreign particle that enters the body.
The key components of innate immunity are physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, and immune cells, such as neutrophils, natural killer cells, and macrophages. These cells recognize and engulf foreign particles and then attack and destroy them. The inflammatory response is also a key part of innate immunity, which helps to isolate and destroy harmful pathogens.
What is Adaptive Immunity?
Adaptive immunity, also known as acquired immunity, is a more specific defence mechanism. It is activated when innate immunity is unable to defend against a particular pathogen. Unlike innate immunity, adaptive immunity is not present in the body from birth. Instead, the immune system develops it over time, building up resistance to specific pathogens as they are encountered.
Adaptive immunity involves the production of antibodies and T-cells, which are specific to particular pathogens. These cells are produced in response to the presence of a pathogen and remain in the body to provide a long-lasting immunity. This is why people who recover from an infection often do not become sick from the same pathogen again.
The Difference between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
The key difference between innate and adaptive immunity is their specificity. Innate immunity targets any foreign particle that enters the body, while adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens. Innate immunity is immediate and non-specific, while adaptive immunity develops over time and provides long-lasting protection.
Another difference is in how they function in the body. Innate immunity is a non-selective response that includes physical barriers and immune cells, while adaptive immunity involves the production of specific antibodies and T-cells to target particular pathogens.
In conclusion, the human immune system is a complex and well-coordinated system that provides vital protection against diseases. Innate immunity and adaptive immunity work together to keep us healthy and protected. Understanding the differences between these two types of immunity can help us appreciate the body’s impressive defence mechanisms better.
Table difference between innate and adaptive immunity
| Feature | Innate Immunity | Adaptive Immunity |
|---|---|---|
| Specificity | Non-specific | Specific |
| Diversity | Limited | Extensive |
| Response time | Rapid | Slow |
| Memory | Does not generate memory | Generates memory |
| Activation | Activated immediately upon infection | Activated after exposure to specific antigen |
| Targeted pathogens | Broad range of pathogens | Specific pathogens |
| Types of response | Physical barriers, inflammation, complement system, phagocytosis | Humoral and cell-mediated response |