The Differences Between Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism Explained
Buddhism is one of the oldest religions in the world, originating in Ancient India over two thousand years ago. It is based on the teachings of Buddha, an enlightened teacher who shared his wisdom with the world. Over time, Buddhism split into two main branches: Hinayana and Mahayana. While both branches ultimately seek to achieve enlightenment or Nirvana, they differ in their approach to this goal. In this article, we will explore the differences between Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism.
What Is Hinayana Buddhism?
Hinayana Buddhism is also known as Theravada Buddhism. It is the oldest form of Buddhism and is primarily practiced in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia. Hinayana Buddhism focuses on individual liberation and self-enlightenment. Hinayana practitioners believe that only through one’s own individual efforts can they achieve Nirvana. They also believe in the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, both of which drive the practitioner towards self-realization.
In Hinayana Buddhism, the Buddha is also revered, but only as an exemplary teacher. The followers of Hinayana believe that Buddha was a man who attained enlightenment through his own efforts, and that anyone can follow in his footsteps. Hinayana traditions place great emphasis on meditation, with monks and nuns often spending several hours each day in deep meditation.
What Is Mahayana Buddhism?
Mahayana Buddhism is the second major branch of Buddhism and is mainly practiced in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Mahayana translates to “Great Vehicle” and is based on the idea of universal salvation. This means that the goal of Mahayana Buddhism is not just individual salvation but the liberation of all sentient beings. Mahayana Buddhism also emphasizes the importance of compassion and altruism.
In Mahayana Buddhism, the Buddha is revered as a divine being who can guide his followers towards enlightenment. Mahayana Buddhists also believe in the Bodhisattva ideal, which encourages practitioners to work towards the enlightenment of all beings, even at the cost of their own liberation.
Mahayana Buddhism is also home to a variety of practices, including the chanting of sutras, the use of mandalas, and the practice of mindfulness. Monasteries and temples are more prevalent in Mahayana Buddhism, and the role of the community is emphasized more than in Hinayana traditions.
The Key Differences Between Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism
The main differences between Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism lie in their approach to enlightenment and the role of the Buddha. Hinayana Buddhism sees the Buddha as a teacher, while Mahayana Buddhism sees him as a divine being. The goal of Hinayana Buddhism is individual liberation, while Mahayana Buddhism aims to liberate all sentient beings. Mahayana Buddhism places more emphasis on compassion and community, while Hinayana Buddhism focuses on the individual’s efforts towards self-realization.
In conclusion, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism are two distinct schools of Buddhist thought that differ in their approach to enlightenment and the role of the Buddha. Both traditions have their own strengths and weaknesses, and individuals may find more affinity towards one or the other. Ultimately, both branches share the same goal: the attainment of Nirvana or enlightenment.
Table difference between hinayana and mahayana
| Aspect | Hinayana | Mahayana |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Smaller Vehicle | Greater Vehicle |
| Goal | Personal Liberation from Suffering | Bodhisattva Ideal – Attaining Enlightenment for the Benefit of All Sentient Beings |
| Teacher | Arhat | Bodhisattva |
| Buddha Nature | Recognized but Not Emphasized | Emphasized and Celebrated |
| Number of Buddhas | One Buddha | Many Buddhas and Deities |
| Practices | Individual Realization, Meditation, and Moral Discipline | Compassion, Service, and Dedication to the Liberation of All Beings |
| Scriptures | Pali Canon and Agamas | Lotus Sutra, Heart Sutra, Diamond Sutra, and Other Mahayana Texts |