The Difference between Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane: A Comprehensive Guide
As an organism, a cell needs a protective layer that shields it from its surroundings. Whether it’s plant or animal cells, the exterior structures of a cell play an essential role in guaranteeing its survival. In this article, we will explore the differences between cell walls and plasma membranes, two crucial external components of a cell.
Cell Wall
Cell walls are found mainly in plant cells, bacteria, and fungal cells. They act as a rigid layer that surrounds the cell and provides structural support. The cell wall also maintains the shape of the cell and protects it by preventing water from entering or escaping effortlessly. The wall is made up of cellulose, chitin, or peptidoglycan, depending on the organism.
One distinguishing feature of a cell wall is that it is an external layer that exists outside the cell membrane. The wall material is thicker and more rigid than the cell membrane, serving as the primary layer of defense that protects the cell. It provides a physical barrier against external threats, such as physical damage and pathogenic agents.
Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane is a crucial membrane that surrounds all types of cells, both plant and animal alike. It is flexible, thin, and nearly transparent, with a well-defined structure that’s selectively permeable. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer that houses embedded proteins and cholesterol molecules.
One major difference between cell walls and plasma membranes is that the cell membrane is a flexible, dynamic layer that sits just inside the cell wall in plant cells, encasing animal cells. The membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis for optimal cellular operation.
The plasma membrane regulates the entry and exit of essential nutrients, gases, and ions necessary for cellular function. The membrane selectively maintains a balance within the cell by allowing bidirectional flow of specific molecules across its permeable layers, depending on their size, charge, and chemical nature.
Conclusion
In conclusion, cell walls and plasma membranes play essential roles in the survival of cells. While cell walls act as external supports, plasma membranes maintain the internal organization of cells. The difference between the two lies in their structural composition, location, and functions. Understanding these differences is crucial to grasp the precise role of cells in keeping living organisms thriving.
Table difference between cell wall and plasma membrane
| Cell Wall | Plasma Membrane |
|---|---|
| Provides structural support to the cell | Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell |
| Composed of cellulose in plant cells | Composed of phospholipids and proteins |
| Present in plant, bacteria, and fungal cells | Present in all types of cells |
| Cellulose layer prevents osmotic lysis | Forms a selective barrier |
| Does not allow movement of large molecules | Allows movement of some small molecules |