Difference Between Biosphere Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary Explained
When it comes to protecting the natural habitats and preserving wildlife, the idea of a protected reserve or sanctuary often comes up. However, not all of these reserves are created equally, and different types offer different levels and types of protection. Two types of reserves often compared are biosphere reserves and wildlife sanctuaries. Here we explain the differences between the two.
Biosphere Reserve
A biosphere reserve is a protected area that aims to conserve and sustainably use natural and cultural resources. It includes three interconnected zones: a core area where no human activity is allowed, a buffer zone where limited human activity is permitted, and a transition area where human habitation is present. The core area is usually designated for preserving the natural environment and biodiversity, while the buffer zone allows non-destructive human activities such as tourism and research. The transition zone is where local communities reside and engage in traditional and sustainable land-use practices.
Biosphere reserves serve as experimental sites to study and demonstrate sustainable use and conservation of natural resources. They aim to strike a balance between conservation and development while providing opportunities for education, research, and improving the livelihood of local communities.
Wildlife Sanctuary
A wildlife sanctuary, on the other hand, is a protected area intended only for wildlife conservation. It is a designated area where no hunting, poaching, or exploitation of wildlife is allowed, and the area is closed to the general public. Wildlife sanctuaries usually have a core area designated for animals to live and breed, as well as a buffer zone for the wildlife to migrate. The goal of a wildlife sanctuary is to offer a safe place for endangered animals to live and multiply, without any human interference that poses risks to their survival.
Unlike biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries typically do not involve any human activities. There is little to no tourist activity, and only authorized personnel are allowed to enter the sanctuary. They are usually set up in areas where wildlife populations are under threat and require protection.
Conclusion
While biosphere reserves and wildlife sanctuaries both aim to protect natural habitats and wildlife, there are differences in the types of zones, management practices, and human activities involved. Biosphere reserves are designed to balance conservation and development, and allow for limited human activity in some areas. Wildlife sanctuaries explicitly protect wildlife and do not allow any human activity, except for conservation measures. Both reserves serve crucial roles in protecting the environment, but it is essential to understand their differences and uses to appreciate and maximize their benefits.
Table difference between biosphere reserve and wildlife sanctuary
| Biosphere Reserve | Wildlife Sanctuary | |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A designated area that incorporates a core zone, buffer zone, and transition zone, with the aim of conserving biodiversity while promoting sustainable development. | A protected area that is set aside for the conservation of wildlife and their habitats, without human intervention or exploitation. |
| Objectives | Conservation of natural resources, sustainable use of natural resources, and scientific research and monitoring | Conservation and protection of wildlife, habitat restoration, and scientific research and monitoring |
| Activities allowed | Responsible tourism, traditional resource use, research and monitoring, and sustainable development activities | Wildlife observation, scientific research and monitoring, and education and awareness programs |
| Governing Authority | UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) program, in collaboration with national and local government agencies | National and local government agencies responsible for wildlife conservation and protection |
| Examples | Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in India, Monteverde Biosphere Reserve in Costa Rica | Bandhavgarh Wildlife Sanctuary in India, Serengeti National Park in Tanzania |