Difference between a Plant Cell and an Animal Cell
Introduction
The study of cells is an important aspect of biology. Living organisms are either composed of plant cells or animal cells. Although they share some similarities, there are distinct differences that set them apart. This article aims to highlight the differences between plant and animal cells.
Structural differences
Perhaps the most obvious visual difference between plant and animal cells is the presence of a cell wall in plant cells. This gives the plant cell a more rigid structure. On the other hand, animal cells lack a cell wall but have a flexible cell membrane. Another notable difference is plant cells have chloroplasts, which allow them to undergo photosynthesis, whereas animal cells do not.
Functional differences
Plant and animal cells perform different functions. For example, plant cells contribute to the growth and development of the plant by converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. In contrast, animal cells do not carry out photosynthesis but are responsible for a range of functions like maintaining body temperature, transportation of nutrients and waste, and the production of hormones, among others.
Differences in organelles
Plant and animal cells also differ in the types of organelles they possess. For instance, plant cells have a large central vacuole, while animal cells have smaller vacuoles or none at all. Additionally, animal cells have many small organelles like lysosomes, which are absent in plant cells.
Conclusion
In summary, plant and animal cells exhibit major differences in structure, function, and the types of organelles present. These differences make each cell type unique in their roles and contributions to the larger organism. Understanding these differences helps scientists develop targeted treatments for diseases and work towards improving agriculture and the environment.
Table difference between a plant cell and an animal cell
| Plant Cell | Animal Cell | |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleus | Present | Present |
| Cell Wall | Present (made of cellulose) | Absent |
| Chloroplasts | Present (for photosynthesis) | Absent |
| Central Vacuole | Present (for storage and maintaining hydrostatic pressure) | Small and numerous |
| Lysosomes | Absent | Present (for cell digestion) |
| Cilia and Flagella | Absent | Present (for cell movement) |
| Centrosome and Centrioles | Absent | Present (for cell division) |