The Distinction between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
Malnutrition is a condition that arises when the body does not receive enough nutrients. It can occur in two forms: Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. Although both are associated with poor nutrition, they are different in the way they affect the body. In this article, we will explore the difference between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition that arises due to inadequate protein intake. It is often observed in children who have been weaned off breast milk and put on a diet that lacks protein. Symptoms of Kwashiorkor include swelling of the limbs, belly, and face, dry skin, hair loss, and a weakened immune system.
The swelling, which is caused by an accumulation of fluid in the tissues, is often the most noticeable symptom of Kwashiorkor. It occurs because the body is unable to produce enough protein to maintain the osmotic balance between the blood and the tissues.
Marasmus
Marasmus is also a severe form of malnutrition, but it arises due to a lack of both protein and calories. Unlike Kwashiorkor, which is characterized by swelling, Marasmus causes extreme wasting of the body tissues. Children suffering from Marasmus often have a distinct thin appearance with wrinkled and saggy skin.
The symptoms of Marasmus include severe weight loss, fatigue, lack of energy, dehydration, and the inability to fight off infections. Marasmus can be fatal if left untreated, making it a medical emergency.
Difference between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
Although both Kwashiorkor and Marasmus are forms of malnutrition, there are some significant differences between them. The most apparent difference is the body’s appearance. While Kwashiorkor causes swelling, Marasmus results in a severe loss of body mass.
The other major difference between the two is the cause. Kwashiorkor arises due to inadequate protein intake, while Marasmus occurs when the body does not receive enough protein and calories.
Conclusion
Malnutrition is a severe health concern that requires immediate attention. Identifying the type of malnutrition a person is suffering from is essential in determining the appropriate course of action. Kwashiorkor and Marasmus are two serious forms of malnutrition, each with distinct symptoms and causes. Understanding the difference between them can help in preventing and treating malnutrition effectively.
Table difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus
| Kwashiorkor | Marasmus | |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | A type of malnutrition caused by insufficient protein intake and excess carbohydrates and fat. | A type of malnutrition caused by insufficient protein and calorie intake. |
| Cause | Insufficient protein intake and excess carbohydrates and fat. | Insufficient protein and calorie intake. |
| Symptoms | Edema, swollen belly, discolored hair, skin lesions, stunted growth, fatigue, irritability, and changes in skin pigmentation. | Severe muscle wasting, extreme weight loss, sagging and wrinkled skin, sunken eyes, dry and thin hair, and a weakened immune system. |
| Treatment | Diet high in protein, with vitamins and minerals supplemented as needed. May need medical treatment if severe. | Gradual refeeding after addressing any underlying medical conditions, along with protein and calorie supplements. |