Difference Between Conductor, Semiconductor, and Insulator
When it comes to electricity and electronics, understanding the difference between conductors, semiconductors, and insulators is crucial.
Conductors
Conductors are materials that can easily allow electricity to flow through them. This is because conductors have many free electrons in their outermost shell that can move freely when an electric field is present. Copper, aluminum, and silver are some common examples of conductors that are used in electrical wiring and circuits.
Semiconductors
Unlike conductors, semiconductors are materials that are neither good conductors nor insulators. They have properties in between the two that make them useful in electronic applications. Silicon is the most common semiconductor material used in electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits.
Insulators
Insulators are materials that do not allow electricity to flow through them. They have few free electrons in their outermost shell and therefore cannot conduct electricity easily. Glass, rubber, and plastic are some common examples of insulators that are used to protect people from electrical shock and to insulate electrical wires and circuits.
In conclusion, conductors, semiconductors, and insulators play important roles in the world of electronics. By understanding their differences and properties, we can design and build safe and efficient electronic devices that power our everyday lives.
Table difference between conductor semiconductor and insulator
| Property | Conductor | Semiconductor | Insulator |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical conductivity | High | Mid to low | Very low |
| Band gap | Very low or zero | Mid-size | Large |
| Electrons in valence band | Small number | Low to mid-size | Large number |
| Temperature coefficient of resistance | Low | Mid to high | Very low |
| Usage | Wires, electrical components, heating elements | Sensors, transistors, solar cells | Insulation materials, dielectrics |