The Difference Between Metals and Non-Metals: A Class 8 Guide
Introduction
In science, we classify elements into different categories based on their properties. One such classification is the division of elements into metals and non-metals. This differentiation is fundamental, and knowing the difference between these two types of elements is crucial in understanding different chemical reactions and properties.
Metallic and Non-Metallic Properties
Metals are elements that are generally shiny, malleable, ductile, and conductive. Some of the common metallic elements include copper, gold, silver, and iron. Metals have low electronegativity, meaning that they have a tendency to lose electrons when reacting with non-metals.
On the other hand, non-metals are elements that are not malleable, ductile or shiny. They are usually poor conductors of electricity and heat. Examples of non-metallic elements include oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. Non-metals tend to gain electrons when interacting with metals, and they have high electronegativity.
Physical Properties
Metals have a high melting and boiling point and are usually solid at room temperature. In contrast, non-metals have low boiling and melting points and exist in various states at room temperature, including gases, liquids, and solids.
Chemical Properties
Metals react with non-metals by losing electrons, resulting in the formation of positive ions. For example, if copper reacts with oxygen, it loses electrons and form copper oxide. This reaction is called oxidation. In contrast, non-metals tend to react by gaining electrons, resulting in the formation of negative ions. For example, if carbon reacts with oxygen, it gains electrons and forms carbon dioxide. This reaction is called reduction.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the difference between metals and non-metals is fundamental, and an understanding of these two classes of elements is crucial in science. Metals are shiny, malleable, conductive, and tend to lose electrons, while non-metals are dull, poor conductors, and tend to gain electrons. These classifications help us understand different chemical reactions and properties that occur in science.
Table difference between metals and non metals class 8
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Difference between Metals and Non-Metals
Metals:
1. Metals are lustrous, shiny, and good conductors of electricity and heat.
2. They are solid at room temperature except for Mercury.
3. They are dense and malleable, which means they can be beaten into thin sheets.
4. Metals are ductile, which means they can be drawn into wires.
5. They have high melting and boiling points.
6. They react with acids to form hydrogen gas.
7. Most metals are good reducing agents, which means they donate electrons to other substances in a chemical reaction.
8. Examples of metals include Iron, Gold, Silver, Copper, and Zinc.
Non-Metals:
1. Non-metals are non-lustrous, and most of them are poor conductors of electricity and heat.
2. They can exist in all three states of matter at room temperature.
3. They are brittle and cannot be beaten into thin sheets.
4. Non-metals are not ductile; hence they cannot be drawn into wires.
5. They have low melting and boiling points.
6. They react with bases to form salts.
7. Most non-metals are good oxidizing agents, which means they accept electrons from other elements in chemical reactions.
8. Examples of non-metals are Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Chlorine, and Helium.
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